定語從句精講精練

1、定語從句精講精練一.定語從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語1. 定語從句：修飾一個 或的從句稱為定語從句， 一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2. 關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞有 和。關(guān)系代詞有關(guān)系副詞有等。等;關(guān)系詞常有3個作用：1，引導(dǎo)定語從句。2,代替先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。 二關(guān)系詞用法表格（請在其用法下打上 J）(1) Have you take n dow n everyth ingMr. Li has said?(2) that can be done has bee n done.(3) The first p lacethey visited in London wa

2、s the Big Ben.(4) This is the best filmI have see n.(5) This is the very dictio naryI want to buy.(6) Who is the manis sta nding there?(7) Can you remember the scie ntist and his theorywe have lear ned?先行詞是物先行詞是人定語地點狀語時間狀語原因狀語主賓主賓關(guān)系代詞whichthatwhowhomwhose關(guān)系副詞wherewhe nWhy1 .當(dāng)先行詞是 anything, everythin

3、g, nothing (something除夕卜),few, all, none, little, some 等代詞時,或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修飾時，如 1,.6.當(dāng)先行詞被修飾，如 3當(dāng)先行詞被修飾時,如4當(dāng)形容詞被 , the only修飾時，如5當(dāng)先行詞前面有 , which等疑問代詞時，如6當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時，如7定語從句只用which的情況三限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句形式上限制性定語從句 不用逗號和主句隔開非限制性定語從句 用逗號和主旬隔開意義上譯法上是先行詞不可缺少

4、的定語，不能刪除翻譯成先行詞的定語，是對先行詞的補充說明，刪除后意思仍完 整通常翻譯成主句的并列句關(guān)系詞的使用 上A作賓語時可省晚B可用ttetC.可用 wtiD 代瞽 wtioinA. 不可省B. 不用thatC. 不月vAio代瞽就lom限制性定語從句舉例:1The room inI study is very cool in summer.2He bought the book yesterday,he enjoyed very much.3He stole some mon ey,made his father an gry.4What s thatwas put in the box

5、?5Let me show you the no vel that I borrowed from the library1在關(guān)系代詞前，只用which2. 中，做主語和賓語只用which3. 代替前面的話，翻譯為這一點，這件事”只能用which4. 先行詞為 , those時，只用 which5. 有兩個定語從句時，前面用 ，后面用三介詞+關(guān)系代詞“ of + which/whom可用來限定名詞、代詞、分?jǐn)?shù)詞、數(shù)詞等。1. In the dark street, there wasn t a single person關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定1 Is that the n ews paperyo

6、u ofte n write articles?根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系，2. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配，如：3. 1949 was the yearthe P.R.C. was fou nded.根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，4. There are 50 stude nts in our class, two- thirds of非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時，可用was n ewly open to us.，避免重復(fù)turn SheheOuldI m sure.have b

7、ee n to Beiji ng.數(shù)詞/代詞+ of +關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，如:(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.非限制性定語從句舉例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.考點分析：一 限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況5. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.They lived in a house,the door op

8、ens to the south.They lived in a house, the dooropen to the south.Whose從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ of關(guān)系代詞”型，如：用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1. The sun gives us heat and light, _which we cant live.2. The studentwhom we were taiking just now is the best student in our class.3. I II never forget the daywhich she said gocxbye to me.4. Who can g

9、ive me the reasonwhich he hasn t turned up yet?aso考點四：as與which引導(dǎo)的定語從句 兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換，但下列情況多用1. 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句居句首時。we all know, the earth is round.2. 當(dāng)與such或the same連用時，一般用 as。I have the same planyou.Such booksyou tell me are interesting.3. 當(dāng)從句和主句語義一致時，用 as,反之則用 which oShe has married again,was e

10、xpected.She has married again,was unexpected.4. as在從句中作主語時，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài)，女0be known, be said, be reported等，如從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用 which作主語。She has been late again,was expected.Tom has made great progress,made us happy.5當(dāng)非限制定語從句為否定時，常用 which引導(dǎo)。Tom drinks a lot every day, his wife doesn t like at all.注意：當(dāng)

11、主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，常用 whichTom was always late for school,made his teacher angry.要點提示:1.在限定性定語從句中 ，常見的搭配方式有 :the same.as,as.as,notso / as.as, such.as 等。 2.在非限定性定語從句中 ，常見的搭配方式有 :as we all know(=as is known to us all),as is said(reported,mentioned,etc.)above,as it is 等,可置于句首、句中或句末?？键c五：定語從句中關(guān)系代詞與先行詞的一致性定

12、語從句中關(guān)系代詞一般應(yīng)與它所指代的先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持主謂一致。 用適當(dāng)?shù)腷e動詞填空He is the only one of the students whohere just now.He is one of the students whohere just now.one。如果one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞后跟有定語從句，一般情況下 one of后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞為先行詞，但當(dāng)one前有the only,the very,just the修飾時，先行詞則為改錯題：1 .Those who has finished may go home .2. He is the only one of the

13、teachers who know French in our school .S.This is one of the rooms that is free now4. Anyone who break the law will be punished .考點六；定語從句與強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)It is the place where they lived before.It is in the place that they lived before.強調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu):lt is / was+強調(diào)部分+that/ who +句子.若去掉It is / was.that/who句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完 整，就為強調(diào)句

14、.用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空1 .It is the playgroundI picked up this wallet.2t is on the playgroundI picked up this wallet.3 It was four clockthey got there.they got there .4 It was at four clocklooks like him.考點七：定語從句與并列結(jié)構(gòu)looks like him.He has two sons, neither ofHe has two sons, and neither of考點八：區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句1. 定語從句修飾

15、先行詞，它和先行詞是 ;同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. (2) The fact that he has been dead is clear.2. 定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在句中充當(dāng)成分，有時可以省略；同位語從句主要由引導(dǎo)，在句中_般不做成分； 句子也可以由 等詞引導(dǎo)，充當(dāng)成分判別下列句子哪些是定語從句，哪些是同位語從句(1) The news he told me is true.(2) The news that he has just died is true.

16、(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable.Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.The first request tha

17、t he made was to ask for freedom.Do you have any idea where we will be sent?Is this the company where your father works?(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(5) . This is the reason that he gave for his absenee.3. 同位語從句和先行詞一般可以用be動詞發(fā)展成一個完整的句子，而定語從句不可以(1) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all. 同位語

18、(2) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.定語從句做題步驟：4找先行詞，2選關(guān)系詞，3看其成分，代、副看分明，千萬別忘記。 在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞都代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，如果該從句中缺少 主語、表語、賓語或定語，就要用關(guān)系代詞來連接從句；如果從句中缺少狀語，就得用關(guān)系副詞 來連接從句。實戰(zhàn)演練一、把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句：1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought ou

19、r textbooks here yesterday.3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.t study hard.4. The students will not pass the exam . They don5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last nig

20、ht.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.12. That s the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.13. This is the boy. His sister is a f

21、amous sin ger.14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework havent been handed in.15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.18. The soldier

22、 ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a tern pie.20. She came into a big room .In the middle of it stood a large table.改錯題1. I m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. Is that factory which your father o

23、nce worked in?3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4. July 1,1999 is the day when weII never forget.5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.6.1 m going to work in the hospital where needs me.7. Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.8. I don t like the w

24、ay which you talked to your friend.9.This is the last time when Ive given you lessons.10. Soon they came to a farm house,a nd in front of which sat a small boy.11. We heard the news which our team won the game.12. The reas on which he explained it sounds reas on able.13. Those at the desk want to bu

25、y tickets write down your names.14. That was the reason because she looked old.15. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.16. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.17. It is the one of the best films that have been shown recently.18. The th

26、ird place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.19. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky.20. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.21 .Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.t come to school today.22. The student who s book I ha

27、d borrowed didn23. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.24. The bike by which I travelled was his.三選擇適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空1 .The placeinterested me most was the Childrens Palace.2.Do you know the yearthe Chinese Communist Party was founded?S.That is the dayril never forget.4. The factory

28、well visit next week is not far from here.5. Great ch a nges have take n place since the n in the factorywe are working.6 11 .They arrived at a farmhouse, in front ofsat a small boy.7t there anyone in your classfamily is in the country?8m interested in all you have said.9want to use the same diction

29、arywas used yesterday.10.He isnt such a manhe used to be.11 .He is good at English,we all know.12. He talked a lot about things and personsthey remembered in the school.13. The letter is from my sister,is working in Beijing.14 In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds ofare women.we spent t

30、ogether.15 I can never forget the daywe worked together and the day16. The wayhe looks at problems is wrong.17. The reasonhe didnt come washe was ill.18 He is working hard,will make him pass the final exam.19 I shall never forget those yearsI lived on the farm withthe farmers,has a great effect on m

31、y life.20 Is oxygen the only gashelps fire burn?I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about, he was writing broke.I went to the con cert, enjoyed it very much._ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of四用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~加關(guān)系詞填空1. The person _2. The pencil3. Wu Dong,4. The two things

32、En glish.5. Her bag, she put all her books, has not been found.6. The stories about the Long March, this is one exam pie, are well writte n.7. The penhe is writing is mine8. The engineermy father works is about 50 years old.9. Last summer we visited the West Lake,Hangzhou is famous in the world.10.

33、This is the reasonhe didnt come to the meeting.五 定語從句相似句型精練。1. 1) This is one of the most interesting filmsshown last week.2) This is the only (very) one of the most interesting filmsshown last week.A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that were2.1) He has two sons,are college students.2) He ha

34、s two sons, and are college students.A. both of which B. both of whom C. both of them3.1) He still lives in the roomwindow faces to the east.2) He still lives in the room , the windowfaces to the east.3) He still lives in the roomis in the north of the city.4) He still lives in the roomthere is a be

35、autiful table.A. which B. whose C. where D. of which4. 1)we all know, Chin a, is rich in n atural resources.2)is well- known that China is rich in natural resources.3) is well- known, China is rich in natural resources.A. Which B. As C. It D. That5.1) I will never forget the dayswe studied together.

36、2) I will never forget the dayswe spent together.A. that B. on when C. when D. on whichproved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.6.1) Galileo collected facts2) Galileo collected factsA.that B. whichthe earth and all the other planets move around the sun. C.不填 D. A and B7. 1) It

37、was eleven o2) It was at eleven oA. which B. that8. 1) It was in 1969 _2) It was 1969A. which B. whenclockthey went out of the cinema.clockthey went out of the cinema.C. whenD. on which_ two America ns got to the moon by sp aceshi p. two America ns got to the moon by sp aceshi p.C. that D.as9. 1) The soldiers left the villagethey arrived y