2021年高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解及練習(xí)題：形容詞和副詞和比較等級(jí)

1、重難點(diǎn)分析形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)是英語(yǔ)高考語(yǔ)法填空的常考點(diǎn)，命題形式一般是用所給詞語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空；若是需要填more, most或fewer, less, least時(shí)，可能也會(huì)不給出原級(jí)。系動(dòng)詞后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)和一些常用副詞(seldom, even, enough, never, hardly)也是高考的熱點(diǎn)之一。一、形容詞和副詞在句中的作用1.形容詞在句中通常作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如：English is a useful language.英語(yǔ)是一門(mén)有用的語(yǔ)言。(作定語(yǔ))English is useful.英語(yǔ)很有用。(作表語(yǔ))I find English useful.我覺(jué)得英語(yǔ)很有

2、用。(作補(bǔ)語(yǔ))2.副詞在句中作做狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、另一副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)，或者整個(gè)句子。如：He walked quickly in order to get there on time.他為了按時(shí)到達(dá)那里，走得很快。(修飾動(dòng)詞walked)He walked very quickly.他走得很快。Obviously, I believe we can win it. 顯然，我相信我能夠贏得勝利。二、形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)1. 形容詞副詞的規(guī)則變化。(1) 一般在詞尾直接加er或est。如：longlongerlongest。(2) 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的，在詞尾直接加r或st。如：nice

3、nicernicest。(3) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，把y變?yōu)閕，再加er或est。如：heavyheavierheaviest。(4) 以“一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)，雙寫(xiě)末尾這個(gè)輔音字母，再加er或est。如：bigbiggerbiggest。(5) 部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞分別在原級(jí)前加more構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，加most構(gòu)成最高級(jí)。如：slowlymore slowlymost slowly；beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful。2. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)的常用句型。(1) 表示相等：as + 原級(jí)+as(2) 表示不如：not as/

4、so +原級(jí)+as(3) 表示超出：比較級(jí)+than(4) 表示“最”：the+最高級(jí)+ of/in短語(yǔ)（表示比較的范圍）注意：除了 “the+最高級(jí)”外，最高級(jí)還有其他的表達(dá)方式。如：否定詞never等與比較級(jí)連用；比較級(jí)+than any other+名詞單數(shù)；比較級(jí)+than any of the other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)；比較級(jí)+than anyone else等。如：How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.她唱得多好聽(tīng)呀！我從沒(méi)聽(tīng)過(guò)比這更好的聲音。(5) 表示“越越”：the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)(6)

5、表示“越來(lái)越”：比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)(7) 表示“與其不如”：morethan(8) the+比較級(jí) 特指兩個(gè)人或者連個(gè)食物中較為突出的一個(gè)。If the manager had to choose one of the two, he would say Tim was the better choice.如果說(shuō)經(jīng)理一定得從這兩個(gè)人中選擇一個(gè)，他會(huì)說(shuō)Tim是更好的選擇。(9) 倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法： A + be +倍數(shù) as +計(jì)量形容詞原級(jí)+as BThis house is three times as wide as that one. 這個(gè)房子是那個(gè)房子的三倍寬。 A +be+倍數(shù)+計(jì)量

6、形容詞比較級(jí)+than BThe car is exactly five times more expensive than that one.這輛車比那本恰好貴5倍。 A +be+倍數(shù)+the+計(jì)量名詞+of BThe new library is four times the size of the previous one.新的圖書(shū)館是以前的四倍大。The+計(jì)量名詞+of A +be+倍數(shù)+that of BThe size of the new square is four times that of the previous one.新廣場(chǎng)為以前的四倍大。三、形容詞、副詞原級(jí)及比較級(jí)

7、和最高級(jí)的常用句型名稱句型例句相等as+原級(jí)+asThe train travels as fast as the 3:55 train. 這列車和3:55的列車開(kāi)得一樣快。as+原級(jí)+a/an+名詞單數(shù)+asHe is as honest a man as you. 他和你一樣是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。as many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ as；as much+不可數(shù)名詞+ asI have as many books as you. 我和你一樣有許多書(shū)。倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)+as+名詞My room is twice as big as my brothers. 我的房間是我兄弟的兩倍大。不及not as+原級(jí)

8、+asShe is not as beautiful as her sister. 她不如她妹妹漂亮。超越比較級(jí)+thanHealth is more important than wealth. 健康比金錢(qián)重要。the+比較級(jí)+of the two 兩者中較的一個(gè)He is the taller of the two. 他是兩者中較高的一個(gè)。否定no+比較級(jí)+than 和一樣不He is no richer than I. 他和我一樣不富有。not+比較級(jí) 再不過(guò)(可譯為“非常、十分”)His work couldnt be worse. 他的工作糟得不能再糟了。程度遞增-er and -e

9、r, more and more + 多音節(jié)詞 越來(lái)越higher and higher 越來(lái)越高more and more important 越來(lái)越重要兩種情況同時(shí)變化the +比較級(jí), the +比較級(jí) 越，越The quicker you get ready, the sooner well be able to leave. 你越快準(zhǔn)備好，我們就能越早離開(kāi)。三者或三者以上比較the + 最高級(jí)+of/in+比較范圍 之中最They have got some of the most beautiful things in the world. 他們這兒擁有一些世界上最美的東西。注意：

10、no more (.) than與not more (.) than 的用法在英語(yǔ)里面有很多短語(yǔ)都有其約定俗成的用法和意思，不能按其字面意思去理解，象這樣的短語(yǔ)有很多，這里先把大家覺(jué)得比較頭疼的no more (.) than與not more (.) than的用法解釋清楚，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助：1. 不用于比較，后接數(shù)詞時(shí)，no more than意為“僅僅、只不過(guò)、只有”(=only)，而not more than意為“至多、不超過(guò)”(=at the most)。如：There are no more than fifteen eggs in the basket. 籃子里只有15個(gè)雞蛋。

11、(暗指15個(gè)雞蛋太少)There are not more than fifteen eggs in the basket. 籃子里至多有15個(gè)雞蛋。(暗指可能少于15個(gè))2. 用于兩者的比較時(shí)，“no+形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)+than”是對(duì)兩者的否定，相當(dāng)于neither.nor.。如：This story is no more interesting than that one. (=Neither this story nor that one is interesting.) 這個(gè)故事和那個(gè)故事一樣沒(méi)趣?！皀ot+形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)+than”是普通的比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示前者不如后者，相當(dāng)于n

12、ot as/so.as.。如：This story is not more interesting than that one. (=This story is not as/so interesting as that one.) 這個(gè)故事不如那個(gè)故事有趣。四、比較結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾語(yǔ)1用于原級(jí)之前almost, nearly, just, quite, half, twice, three times等The river is three times as long as that one. 這條河是那條河是三倍長(zhǎng)。2用于比較級(jí)前many, a few (用于“more+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”前)It t

13、akes many more hours to go there by train than by plane. 坐火車去那里比坐飛機(jī)要花多好多個(gè)小時(shí)。a lot, much, even, still, far, a great deal, rather, two years, 5%, twice等My desk-mate is even fatter than me. 我同桌甚至比我還胖。3用于最高級(jí)前the very, much the, by far, nearly, by no means, almost, not really, the first/second等This cake

14、is by far the largest in the world. 這個(gè)蛋糕是迄今為止世界上最大的。五、兩種形式的副詞：一個(gè)與形容詞同形，一個(gè)以-ly結(jié)尾1hardhardlyhard 刻苦地；努力地；猛烈地；費(fèi)力地He studies very hard. 他學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。hardly 幾乎不；簡(jiǎn)直不We hardly had time to eat breakfast. 我們幾乎沒(méi)時(shí)間吃早飯。2highhighlyhigh 高高地；地位高；聲音高The plane flies high. 飛機(jī)飛得很高。highly 高度地；非常(常和praise, speak等動(dòng)詞連用)They sp

15、oke very highly of him. 他們稱贊他。3deepdeeplydeep修飾具體動(dòng)作時(shí)，往往兩個(gè)詞可互換，但多用deepThey had to dig very deep/deeply in order to find water. 他們必須挖得很深，才能發(fā)現(xiàn)水。表示靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)時(shí)只用deep(此時(shí)多于介詞、副詞連用)The meeting continued deep into the night. 會(huì)議持續(xù)到了深夜。deeply修飾形容詞或過(guò)去分詞只能用deeplyI am deeply grateful to you. 我非常感謝你。deeply可與hate, dislik

16、e, regret, admire, love, value等動(dòng)詞連用，但不能與動(dòng)詞like連用I deeply regret his death. 我對(duì)他的去世深感遺憾。4latelatelylate 遲；晚The bus arrived 5 minutes late. 公共汽車遲到了五分鐘。lately 最近；不久前(同recently)What have you been doing lately? 最近你在做什么？as late as與as lately as都有“近至、直到”之意，用法相同I saw him at late/lately as yesterday. 直到昨天我才看見(jiàn)他

17、。5nearnearlynear 近；臨近；在附近The train came nearer and nearer. 火車越來(lái)越近了。nearly 幾乎；差不多；將近It is nearly then oclock. 差不多十點(diǎn)鐘了。6closecloselyclose 靠近；挨近；接近Come close so that I can see you. 走近點(diǎn)以便我能看清你。closely 緊密地；緊緊地；秘密地；仔細(xì)地；嚴(yán)密地We followed closely after him. 我們緊緊地跟在他后面。六、以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞1表示時(shí)間的形容詞hourly 每小時(shí)的，daily 每天的

18、，nightly 每晚的，weekly 每周的，monthly 每月的，quarterly 每季度的，yearly 每年的，early 早的，timely 及時(shí)的；適時(shí)的This theatre will give a nightly performance. 這個(gè)劇院將上演一臺(tái)晚會(huì)。2表示人的形容詞manly 男子氣的，womanly 女人氣的，wifely 妻子似的，fatherly 父親般的，childly 孩子般的，comradely 同志式的What are wifely duties? 什么是做妻子的責(zé)任？3表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容詞lovely 可愛(ài)的，friend

19、ly 友好的，ugly 難看的， lively 活潑的，lonely 孤獨(dú)的，unfriendly 不友好的，kindly 和藹的，sickly 病弱的，poorly 貧窮的，elderly 年長(zhǎng)的，homely 樸實(shí)的、不漂亮的Children are usually lively. 孩子們常常是精力充沛的/活潑的。4表示事物特征、環(huán)境、情況、狀態(tài)的形容詞likely 可能的，orderly 整齊的，costly 花費(fèi)大的，deadly 致命的，mannerly 有禮貌的，chilly 冷的，disorderly 亂七八糟的，unlikely 不可能的Please leave our cla

20、ssroom in an orderly way. 讓我們的教室整整齊齊的。注意：elder與older，這兩個(gè)詞都是形容詞old的比較級(jí)形式，區(qū)別在于：(1) elder指“年長(zhǎng)的”，常修飾人，用來(lái)表示出生順序的前后和年齡的長(zhǎng)幼，常作定語(yǔ)，不可用于than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。(2) older指“年紀(jì)較大的、較老的、較舊的”，修飾人或物都行。既可作定語(yǔ)，也可作表語(yǔ)，可用于than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。如：My elder brother is two years older than me. 我的哥哥比我年長(zhǎng)兩歲。七、senior, junior, superior, inferior等詞與t

21、o連用1能與to連用，但不能與than連用superior 優(yōu)秀的、高級(jí)的(反義詞inferior)This restaurant is superior to the one we went to last week. 這家飯館比我們上周去的那家好。senior 年長(zhǎng)的、地位高的、資格老的(反義詞junior)She is senior to everyone else in the company. 她在公司里比其他人資格都要老。2既不能與than連用，又不能與to連用的major 主要的，minor 次要的，表示不太重要或較次要。The young actress was given a

22、 minor part in the new play. 這年輕的女演員在這部新戲里被分配擔(dān)任一個(gè)小角色。What is the major industry of our nation? 我們國(guó)家的主要工業(yè)是什么？八、某些以a-開(kāi)頭的表語(yǔ)形容詞以a-開(kāi)頭的只能作表語(yǔ)的形容詞有afraid, alone, asleep, alive, alike, aware, awake, ashamed等。1. 這類形容詞一般都不能用very修飾，但可用much或very much等修飾。如：不能說(shuō)：I am very alone.只可以說(shuō)：I am much/very much alone. 2. 另外

23、，若它們本身帶有修飾語(yǔ)，則也可用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)。如：the fast asleep children 熟睡的孩子a really alive student 真正活躍的學(xué)生九、多個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞的排列順序限定詞(冠詞/代詞)數(shù)詞描繪形容詞大小形狀新舊年齡顏色國(guó)籍材料+名詞。如：a small round wooden table 一張小圓木桌an old Chinese stone bridge 一座中式老石橋the mans first two famous small red French oil paintings 這個(gè)人的頭兩幅著名的紅色法國(guó)小油畫(huà)注意：enough修飾形容詞時(shí)，放

24、在被修飾詞之后。十、有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的此類副詞有actually, anyway, interestingly, strangely, eventually, fortunately, luckily, obviously等。如：Obviously, your answer is totally wrong. 很明顯，你的答案全錯(cuò)了。Interestingly, he was only eleven when he composed the sonata. 有趣的是，他寫(xiě)那一首奏鳴曲時(shí)年僅十一歲。考點(diǎn)練透一、單句填空 用適當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~、副詞或用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1

25、. The number of the trees that the villagers planted last year reached as _ as 6,000,000.2. There was so _ smoke that they couldnt see across the hallway.3. My little brother is not old _ to go to school. 4. In that case, there is nothing you can do _ than wait. 5. I must be getting fat I can _ do m

26、y trousers up. 6. They are _ little insects that we can not easily see them with our eyes. 7. There was _ little food left then that we had to turn to the local people for help. 8. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting.9. I havent seen the movie and my brother havent _. 10. He

27、 is always telling lies, so I will _ believe him. 11. John is very lazy. He falls _ behind in his studies. 12. Two passengers fell into the sea. _, neither of them could swim.13. We talked _ into the night and I was _ moved by his words. (deep)14. I found his talk very _ and I was really _ in it. (i

28、nterest)15. Who is the greatest poet _ (live)?16. The more words you know, the _ (easy) you can read.17. David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels _ (little) desire to go to bed. 18. We have a _ (month) rainfall of four inches in winter here.19. He is by far th

29、e _ (good) student in his class.20. I have two brothers and both of them are _ than me. My _ brothers are friendly to me. (old)21. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _ (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.22. I left it early because I had an appointment _ (late) that day.

30、23. He must be _ (mental) disabled.24. Mary felt _ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.25. It might have made it a little _ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didnt stop the kids in the class.26. “That would be a very_ (reason) thing to do i

31、n a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.27. “But such a small thing couldnt_ (possible) destroy a village.”28. We drank together and talked_ (merry) till far into the night.29. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop

32、did “grow”_ (high).30. “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _ (sweet).”二、語(yǔ)篇填空 用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Once, there lived two brothers in a lonely village. The _1_ (old) brother was much _2_ (wise) than the younger. One d

33、ay, there was a big hill on the road, which was as _3_ (heavy) as 10 tons, blocking their way. How could they move it to the side of the road since there were no modern machines at that time? The elder brother chose to give in because it was too _4_ (easy) for him and found another way which were ab

34、out 20 kilometers way. The other insisted that it would be _5_ (possible) solved if he removed it. The older one laughed at him, saying that he was _6_ (stupid) than persistent. _7_ (final), his move moved others, who helped him solve the problem together. This story reminds us that as long as we ar

35、e _8_ (hope) and keep on doing it, hope will not give us up.三、語(yǔ)法填空 閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。China, one of the earliest cradles of civilization with a long history, is on the rise on the international stage. Accordingly, 1 the tradition influenced by Confucianism (儒家思想), the Chinese people ar

36、e generally friendly and 2 (unite). They love peace and are inclined to get along well with each other in harmony. At emergency, some people would sacrifice their own interests, or rather, give those 3 need help a warm hand at the expense of their own life. Chinese people sometimes are modest and co

37、pe with problems in 4 indirect manner. Occasionally, Chinese individuals say “yes” not because they see eye to eye with others 5 out of polite, which often make foreigners puzzled and in a dilemma, since 6 cannot make an accurate judgment. Frequently, they settle a matter in a devious (委婉的) way 7 (a

38、void) a hot debate.In conclusion, different country has different characteristics due to their respective histories, cultures, geographies and so on and personality is just a small portion (部分). Each nation, 8 it is big or small, strong or weak, should 9 (respect) and with the diversity of civilization, the world will become 10 (colorful).助讀詞匯cradle n. 搖籃 accordingly adv. 因此 respective adj. 各自的 interests n. 利益occasionally adv. 偶爾 be inclined to 傾向于in harmony 和睦融洽地 at the expense of 以為代價(jià) cope with 處理 see eye to eye with 與意見(jiàn)相同 out of polite 出于禮貌 in a dilemma 處于進(jìn)退兩難的境地參考答案考點(diǎn)練透一、單句填空