劍橋商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中級(jí)全真模擬試題(四)

1、2012年劍橋商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中級(jí)全真模擬試題（四）一、readingpartonelookatthestatementsbelowandthebookreviewsontheoppositepage.whichsection(a,b,cord)doeseachstatement1-7referto?foreachstatement1-7,markoneletter(a,b,cord).youwillneedtousesomeoftheselettersmorethanoncebusinessconsultingathisbookexploresthenewshapeofconsulting.itex

2、amineswhyorganisationsuseconsultants,howconsultingfirmscompeteandwhatconsultantsdo.basedonhundredsofinterviewswiththemanagerswhohireconsultantsandthepeoplewhorunconsultingfirms;itoffersanautthorita-tiveanalysisofthismostshadowyofprofessions.italsoprovidesinvaluablepracticaladviceonwhatorganisationsn

3、eedtodotogetthebestoutoftheconsultantstheyuseandwhatconsultingfirmsneedtodotoachievethebestresultsforthosetheyworkfor.bbrandsandbrandingthisbookarguesthatbecauseofthepowerofnot-for-profitbrandsliketheredcrossoroxfam,allorganisationsshouldmakethebrandtheircentralorganisingprinciple,guidingeverydecisi

4、onandeveryaction.aswellasmakingthecaseforbrandsandexaminingtheargumentoftheantiglobalisationmovementthatbigbrandsarebullieswhichdoharm,thisbookreviewofbestpracticeinbranding,coveringeverythingfrombrandpositioningtobrandprotection,visualandverbalidentitytobrandcommunications.cemergingmarketsusingther

5、ealexperiencesofcompanieswhereverpossibletoillustratethepointsitmakes,thisextensivelyupdatedandrevisedsecondeditionofthisbookisaimedatbothmanagerswhoareinvolvedinenteringemergingmarketsforthefirsttimeandmanagerswhoarealreadyoperatinginthemitwillserveasaguideonhowtoavoidmistakesothercompanieshavemade

6、andhowtodetectweaknessesincurrentemergingmarketstrategies.dessentialdirectormanagersmayrunacompanybutitisthejobofdirectorstomakesureitiswellrunandruninthedirection.thislivelyandaccessibleguidetotheimportantsubjectofcorporategovernanceshowswhatneedstobedonetoensurehighstandardsandhowtodoit.itisaimedn

7、otonlyatdirectors,butalsoatmanagersandstakeholdersineverykindofbusinessandorganisation.1theauthorofthisbookbelievesthatorganisationswillneveroveremphasizetheimportanceofbranding.2theauthorofthisbookconductedhundredsofinterviewsinthisfieldsoastoofferpracticaladvices.3youmayrefertoitasaguideifyouenter

8、,forthefirsttime,thelineofbusinessdiscussedinthisbook.4readersofthisbookmayfinditserveasaguideonwhatneedstobedonetomakesureacompanyiswellrun.5thisbookcoversalmosteveryaspectofthefieldconcernedandalsoreviewsthebestpracticeinthisfield.6thetargetreadersofthisbookincludemanagers,stakeholdersaswellasdire

9、ctorsindifferentkindsofbusiness.7authenticexperiencesofsomecompaniesareusedtodemonstratethepointstheauthorwantstoargueinthesecondeditionofthisbook.parttworeadthearticlebelowaboutdecisionmakingpsychology.choosethebestsentencefromtheoppositepagetofilleachofthegaps.foreachgap1-5,markoneletter(a-g).dono

10、tuseanylettermorethanonce.thereisoneextraletterwhichyoudonotneedtouse.decisionmakingpsychologymadesimpledecisionsdecisions!understandingdecisionmakingpsychologycanenableyoutoreachaconclusionquicker.whetheritschoosingaholidaydestination,orprojecttofund.youllfindthisoutlineofdecisionmakingpsychologyau

11、sefuladditiontoyourmanagementtoolkit.makingupyourownmindshould(intheoryatleast)betheeasiestafterall,theresonlyonepersoninvolved!sowellskipontothemorechallengingareaofgroupdecisionmaking.somehow.outofthepersonalityclashes,powerstrugglesandhiddenagendas,aperfectsolutionisexpectedtoemerge.ingroupdecisi

12、onmaking,thereareanumberofmethodsthatcanbeapplied,(1)themethodsthatareclosertothedirectiverange,meanthatthedecisionismadebyalimited,smallnumberofdecisionmakersinthegroup.themethodsthatareloweronthespectrum.towardstheparticipatoryrange,meanthatthedecisionismadebyallthepartiesinvolved.individualdomina

13、nceiswhereonepersoninthegrouphastheauthorityorpowertomakethefinaldecision.minorityminorityusuallytakestheformofdecisionsdelegatedfromlargergroupsandmadebysub-committees.majorityrulesusuallyinvolvethegroupvotingonthealternativesandthealternativereceivingthemostvotes,wins.consensusisachievedthroughgro

14、updiscussionofthealternatives,whereeverygroupmembercanagreeonanoptionandcommittotheoutcome.directivedecisionmakingisgreatwhentimeistightanddecisionsneedmadefast,theriskisthatdecisionsmadebyonepersonareownedbyoneperson.peopleaffectedbythedecisioncansoonmaketheirfeelingsknownbytheiractions.(2)iftherei

15、salowornegativebankaccountbetweenpeopleinvolved,theremaybetroubleahead!(3)insimpleterms,peoplewanttobeinvolved.regardlessofpowerorstatus,knowingyouhavecontrolandinfluenceoveryourworkinglifeincreasessatisfactionandproductivity.itiswellknowninthecaringprofessionsthatofferingchoicehelpsspeedrecovery.th

16、ebed-boundpatientwhoisaskedwhethertheywanttheircurtainsopenorclosed,orhasaplanttocarefor.faresbetterthanthosewhoselifeisentirelymanagedbyotherpeople,involvingmorepeopleindecisionmakingisrisky.ittakesmoretime.itrequiresskilledfacilitation.itdoesntguaranteesuccess.(4)decisionmakingpsychologyissimple-i

17、nvolvementgetsresults.althoughpowerstruggles,personalityclashesandhiddenagendasarescaryterritory,overtime,powerdissipates,peoplegetonandagendasbecomemoretransparent.(5)thedecisiontoworkthiswayisyours!a、toincreaseyourchanceofadecisionbeingaccepted,amoreparticipatoryapproachisrecommended.b、butwhatitdo

18、esdo,isincreasethelikelihoodofdecisionsbeingownedandacteduponbyenoughpeopleforapositivechangetobeeffected.c、thesemethodsmapoutalongaspectrum,fromdirectivetoparticipatorydecisionmaking.d、investsometimeinlearninggroupdecisionmakingtechniquesandgettingfacilitationexperienceandyouwillgetresults.e、ifther

19、eisahighemotionalbankaccountbetweenpeopleinvolved,thedecisionmaybeacceptedalthoughnotliked.f、corporateexecutiveshavecometolearnthattobeeffective,doinggoodmustbegroundedinafirmslong-termstrategy.g、sowellskipontothemorechallengingareaofgroupdecisionmaking.partthreereadthearticlebelowaboutproductdiffer

20、entiationandthequestionsontheoppositepage.foreachquestion1-6,markoneletter(a,b,cord).effectiveproductdifferentiationasobviousasitmaysound,thetruthistherearealotofbusinessesoutthere.theoddsofnothavinganycompetitionarenexttoimpossible,andsomethinganyworthwhilebusiness,whetherbigorsmall,hastoeventually

21、cometoaccept.everyoneofthosebusinessesaretryingtodotheexactsamething:getpeopletobuytheirproducts.whenfloodedwithsomanypotentialprospectsitisntalwayseasyforthecustomerstoknowwhichbusinessisthebestandwhichonehasthebestproduct.whatyouneedtodoishelpthemalong.differentiatingyourbusinessandyourproductsfro

22、mthecompetitionisbyfaroneofthemostimportantdetailswhendealingwithanykindofindustry.everythingacompanydoes,fromthecreativeadstheyruntotheinventivepromotionstheyproducetothefullcolorbusinesscardstheyhandoutisgearedtowardsseparatingthemselvesfromtherestoftheflock.ifyouregoingtocompetewiththemyouregoing

23、tohavetodothesame,anddoitmoreeffectively.sometimesthemosteffectiveapproachescanbesomeofthemostsimplistic.printingwell-coloredbrochuresgivesabusinessthechancetoshowtheircustomersthesubtleornotsosubtledifferencesbetweenthemandthecompetition,whetheritisbetterdesigns,betterfeatures,orbetterprices.handin

24、gthemalistofalltheproductsorservicesyouofferallowsthemtheabilitytoseeexactlywhattheyregettingwhentheydobusinesswithyou,andthemoreacustomerknowsaboutabusinessthebettertheoddsaretheyllfeelcomfortablewiththem.but,evengoingbeyondtheproducts,boostingupyourcompanycanalsobeaneffectivetooltoplaceyouabovethe

25、competition.whenyouhandapersonabusinesscard,fullycoloredwithauniquedesignyourehandingthemameanstorememberyou.abusinesscardcansayalotaboutapersonandthebusinesstheyrun.simple,drabcolorscanbeoffputtingtotheper,sonlookingforafriendlierbusiness.therightcolorschemealonecandifferentiateyoufromthecompetitio

26、n,andonceyouvemanagedtoseparateyourselfout,youllbeinaprimepositiontobewhothepersonfavorswhentheyneedthatspecificproduct.withcompetitionassteepasitistoday,everybusinesshasitshandsfulltryingtostayabovetherest.wheneverylittlethingcounts,thebusinessthecustomerswilltaketoheartwillbetheonewhocanshowthemju

27、stwhytheyrethebestqualified.printingouttherightkindofcolorfulbrochureorbusinesscardcanbeavaluablemethodofsteppingawayfromthecrowdedbusinessfield.13accordingtothewriter,whatdoeseverybusiness,regardlessofitssize,makeefforttoachievenowadays?a、getpeopletobuytheirproducts.b、designandproducenewproducts.c、

28、maketheirpricesmorecompetitive.d、betterthequalityoftheirpresentproducts.14whydosomecompaniesdesigntheirbusinesscardsinfullcolor?a、tokeepupwiththetrend.b、tomakethecardslookfancy.c、todistinguishthemselvesfromothers.d、tovividlydemonstratethecorporateculture.15whatwouldhelpcustomersknowbetteraboutyourbu

29、sinesswhendoingbusinesswiththem?a、invitingthemtokindsofexhibitionsrelated.b、showingthemthepricelistofyourproducts.c、askingthemtofindoutthesubtledifferencesbetweenyouandthecompetitors.d、givingthemacatalogueofalltheproductsorservicesyourbusinessprovides.16whichofthefollowingalonecandifferentiateyoufro

30、myourcompetitorswhenhandingabusinesscardtocustomers?a、thesizeofthecard.b、therightcolorscheme.c、auniquedesignofthecard.d、afriendlierlogoofyourcompany.17accordingtothelastparagraph,whatkindofbusinesswillmakethecustomersthinkseriously?itsthebusinessthatcan_.a、providecomprehensiveafter-salesserviceb、alw

31、aysofferthelowestpriceinthemarketc、showcustomerswhytheyarethebestinclassd、convincecustomersthattheyarethelargestinthisfield18thewritersuggeststhatcompanies_forthesakeofeffectiveproductdifferentiation.a、stepawayfromthecrowdedbusinessfieldb、makeasmanyadvertisementsinnewspapersaspossiblec、managetoenter

32、competitivemarketswheneverpossibled、printouttherightkindofcolorfulbrochureorbusinesscardpartfourreadtheintroductionbelowaboutaconference.choosethebestwordtofilleachgapfroma,b,cordontheoppositepage.foreachquestion1-15,markoneletter(a,b,cord).thecioandtechnologyleadersforumweliveinaworldofincreasingte

33、chnologicalcomplexity,butjustwhatdoesthatmeanforciosandotheritleadersintheenterprisetoday?the(1)generationofemployeesinitandotherenterprisefunctions-isworkingincompletelydifferentwaysfromprecedingones-online(2)andsocialnetworkingaresecondnaturetothem,asistheiruseoftechnology(3)boththeirworkandsocial

34、lives.theimpactofthistechnology-savvygenerationonhowcompaniesoperatepromisestobeprofound,but(4)whatchangeswillcomeis(5)difficultsecurityandriskwill(6)anever-presentconcernforexecutivesinthisincreasingly(7)environment,butthechallengewill(8)inunderstandinghowtoreducetheriskswithoutaffectingtheopportun

35、itiesthatthisenvironmentwillinvariably(9).thisforumwill(10)youwiththetoolsto:putin(11)thebuildingblocksforyourcompanystechnologysfuture,people,solutions,strategydelivernewrevenuestreamsthroughtechnology(12)technologytore-engineerandradicallyimproveinnovationinyourorganisation.todiscussthesekeystrate

36、gic(13),economistconferencesisintroducingitscioandtechnologyleadersforum(14)onthenumberofitspreviouscioagendameetings,thishigh-level(15)willbelimitedto30-40ciosanditdirectorsofmultinationalcompaniesandinfluentialthinkersintheitandtechnologyspace.19a、appearingb、emergingc、correspondingd、motivating20a、

37、areasb、blocksc、communitiesd、districts21a、inb、onc、ofd、into22a、noticingb、recognisingc、figuringd、identifying23a、possiblyb、exceedinglyc、realisticallyd、typically24a、remainb、continuec、restd、stand25a、independentb、convenientc、collaboratived、superior26a、dependb、liec、layd、result27a、takeb、producec、maked、create

38、28a、armb、givec、offerd、promote29a、venueb、locationc、placed、use30a、exerciseb、utilisec、engaged、maintain31a、issuesb、agendasc、talksd、items32a、combiningb、containingc、decidingd、building33a、exerciseb、actionc、eventd、casepartfivereadtheextractofanarticlebelowaboutproductpromotion.inmostofthelines1-12thereisone

39、extraword.itiseithergrammaticallyincorrectordoesnotfitinwiththesenseofthetext.somelines,however,arecorrect.ifalineiscorrect,writecorrect.ifthereisanextrawordintheline,writetheextrawordincapitalletters.choosingtherightpromotionalproductcanattractbuzz1、bemotivatedbyit.whileanothergroupwillseeitassomet

40、hingwhichthey2、canuseittore-gifttosomeoneelse,andunlessyourproductendsupinthe3、handsofthepersonyouintendedto,theinfluenceovertheirbehavioryou4、werehopingtoleverageiscompletelylost.itsgottohavelastingvalue5、andthatdoesntnecessarilymeanahighcost.saysaclient.ivegota6、flashlightathomethatuseeverytimewhe

41、nthepowergoesoutanditsstill7、gotthenameofthecompanythatgaveittomeonit.sizeisalsoafactor.if8、mostofyourattendeesarewithintheirdrivingdistanceofyoureventthen9、youcangivethemsomethingsobigbecauseitsnotgoingtobeaproblem10、totakehome.butifthemajorityofattendeeshavebeenflownin.thena11、smaller,moreportable

42、itemwouldbeabetterbet.high-qualityt-shirts.the12、latesthigh-techmousepadorafewhigh-endgolfballsmaybefitthebill.二、writingpartoneyouareacfo(chieffinancialofficer)foramultinationalcompany.youhavebeenaskedtogotoaseniorstaffmeetingatyourcompanysheadofficeinnewyorktomakeakeynotespeechonmanagementaccountin

43、g.youcannotgo,butyouhavepreparedapresentationforthemeeting.writeanemailtomaryking,whoisorganisingthemeeting:apologisingfornotbeingabletogotothemeeting,explainingwhyyoucannotgo,sayingwhatyouproposetodo.write40-50words.writeontheoppositepage.parttwoyouaremarketingdirectorofasupermarket.youhavebeenaske

44、dtoprepareashortproposalforyourboardofdirectorsontherestructuringofyoursupermarket.lookattheinformationbelow,onwhichyouhavealreadymadesomehandwrittennotes.then,usingallyourhandwrittennotes,writeyourreport.write120-140words.thisproposalprovidessomesuggestionsfortheredistributionofoursupermarketstockc

45、lerks.table1indicatesthatourstaffinglevelsatfood&groceryandjewellery&watchesarebasicallysatisfactory,butthatmorestockclerksareneededintwootherdepartments:clothingandfootwear&leather.salesofshoesandotherleathergoodshaveincreasedmorethantenfoldoverthelasttwoyears,whileconsumerneedsforcloth

46、inghaverisento55%andwillkeepexpanding.thepresentdistributionofstockstaffinthesetwodepartments(5%each)isclearlyoutofproportion,especiallywhencomparedtostafflevelsinconsumerdurables.basedonthefactthatconsumerdurablesisclearlyoverstaffed,itissuggestedthatsome50%ofthesestockclerksbetransferredtothecloth

47、ingandfootwear&leatherdepartmentssoastodoubletheirpresentnumbers.三、speakingparttwoa:whatisimportantwhen.?planningapresentationaudienceequipmentneededsuggestedideas:audience:youneedtoknowwhoisgoingtobethetargetaudience,whethertheaudienceknowanythingaboutthetopicofyourpresentation,whattheyareinter

48、estedin,whytheycometoyourpresentation(possiblereasons:theyareinterestedinyourcompany,inthecontentsofthepresentation,etc.)onceyouhavefoundoutsomethingaboutthetargetaudience,youneedtokeepinyourmindtheirinterestsandneedssoastomakeyourpresentationinterestingandmeaningfulforthetargetaudience.equipmentneeded:youneedtodecidewhatkindofequipmentwillbeneededforthepresentation,e.g.over-headprojector;cleartransparencies;computer;microphone;acousticsforthevenuewherethepresentationwilltakeplac