主語和謂語考點(diǎn)剖析

1、主語和謂語考點(diǎn)剖析一、主語是一句話的中心，相當(dāng)于句子的主題。主語通常是由一個(gè)名詞作用的成分擔(dān)任的。起名詞作用的成分可以是：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞性從句等。如：fresh air and exercise are good for your health.using the right hand to shake hands is a convention in many countries.to teach the three children is my job this afternoon.what he said at the meeting is necessary f

2、or us.二、在某些情況下，可以由it作形式主語，而把真正的主語從句移到句子后面。如：its no use arguing with them.it is good to help others.it is certain that she will pass the exam.三、當(dāng)我們用there引起一個(gè)句子時(shí)，主語通常應(yīng)放在謂語后面。這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用在以動(dòng)詞be為謂語動(dòng)詞的句子中。如：there is no denying that she is very efficient.my new computer doesnt work. there must be something wro

3、ng with it.考點(diǎn)一：正確選擇主語1. _ is known to us all is that the 2008 olympic games will take place in beijing. (2008福建)a. it b. what c. as d. which答案與解析：b。根據(jù)句子分析，第二個(gè)is前面的 _ is known to us all為主語從句，句中缺少主語；根據(jù)句意分析，應(yīng)該選擇能充當(dāng)成分的what。2. how do you find your new classmates? most of them are kind, but _ is so good t

4、o me as bruce. (2008福建)a. none b. no one c. every one d. some one答案與解析：a。根據(jù)but一詞確定應(yīng)該從a、b中挑選。有一定范圍的用none，相當(dāng)于none of my new classmates。no one不必有這種范圍。3. the book is of great value._ can be enjoyed unless you digest it. (2007福建)a. nothing b. something c. everything d. anything答案與解析：a。復(fù)合不定代詞someone / som

5、ebody, anyone / anybody, everyone / everybody, nobody. something, anything, nothing等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。根據(jù)句意“如果你不消化它，就什么東西也欣賞不了”可知應(yīng)選nothing。4. could you tell me how to get to victoria street? victoria street? _ is where the grand theatre is. (2008遼寧)a. such b. there c. that d. this答案與解析：c。此題考查名詞性從句的用法和代詞的用

6、法。where the grand theatre is 是一個(gè)表語從句。此空缺少主語，固用that來代替前文的 victoria street.考點(diǎn)二：謂語動(dòng)詞與主語的一致性1. progress _ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. (2009全國ii)a. was b. had been c. has been d. will be答案與解析：c?？蓴?shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。2. did you go to the show last night? yea

7、h. every boy and girl in the area _ invited. (2009陜西)a. were b. have been c. has been d. was答案與解析：d。當(dāng)and連接each, every, no, many a +主語中心詞時(shí)，由于強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體行為，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。3. the number of foreign students attending chinese universities _ rising steadily since 1990. (2009山東)a. is b. are c. has been d. have been答案與

8、解析：c。the number of / the variety of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，a number of / a variety of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。本題主語是the number故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，又因時(shí)間狀語是since1997所以用完成時(shí)態(tài)。4. the teacher together with the students _ discussing reading skills that _ newly published in america. (2009四川)a. are; were b. is; were c. are; was d

9、. is; was答案與解析：d。主語中心詞 + with / along with / together with / including / but / except / like / among / as well as / no more than / besides / rather than +名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般仍和主語中心詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致；第二空為定語從句that指代reading skills，由于reading skills是書名所以謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。5. either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting

10、 that is due tomorrow. (2009湖南)a. are b. is c. have d. be答案與解析：b。由either or, neither nor, not only but also , not but , there be and 等連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語通常遵循“就近一致”原則，即與它鄰近的主語中心詞的數(shù)保持一致。one of your students 謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式?？键c(diǎn)二：正確選擇動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)現(xiàn)在的高考題中，很少有單純考時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的題，還可能同時(shí)涉及到主謂一致等其它語法內(nèi)容。1. the population of jiangsu _ to mor

11、e than twice what it was in 1949. the figure is now approaching 74 million. (2009江蘇)a. has grown b. have grown c. grew d. are growing答案與解析：a。population是集合名詞，或集體名詞，即看成一個(gè)整體，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。句子說的是江蘇現(xiàn)在的人口數(shù)量以及增長，用完成時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。2. at present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport _ that it will bring a

12、 lot of jobs to the area. (2009江西)a. is b. are c. will be d. were答案與解析：a。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)及主謂一致。根據(jù)at present = now可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主語是one，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。3. edward, you play so well. but i you played the piano. (2009海南)a. didnt know b. hadnt known c. dont know d. havent known答案與解析：a。句意為：愛德華，你彈得太好了。但我不知道你彈鋼琴。所談?wù)摰氖侵高^去行為，故用一般過

13、去時(shí)。4. but for their help, we the program in time. (2009安徽)a. can not finish b. will not finish c. had not finished d. could not have finished答案與解析：d?？疾樘摂M語氣。but for their help表示虛擬條件，本句表示和過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，所以主句的動(dòng)詞為could not have finished。5. why does the lake smell terrible? because large quantities of water . (2009福建)a. have polluted b. is being polluted c. has be