《美國文學史及選讀》考試題型及復習要點2017

1、期末考試題型及分值：1作家、作品配對題（ 10*1 分 = 10 分） 2作品選讀題（填空題、簡答題 5*5 分 = 25 分） 3. 文學術(shù)語、文學人物解釋題（ 4*5 分 = 20 分）4. 論述題（ 3*15 分 = 45 分）認真閱讀教材的中文版的序言 熟悉教材中以下復習要點中各位作家的選文Benjamin Franklin:? Remember Benjamin Franklin as inventor, statesman and writer.? Remember him as father of the United States.? Writing features The

2、Autobiography : It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision. The narrative is lucid, the structure is simple, the imagery is homely.? 本杰明富蘭克林：? 本杰明富蘭克林是發(fā)明家、政治家和作家。? 他是“美國之父”。? 寫作特點 自傳：這是清教徒的簡單、直接和簡潔的方式。敘事清晰，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單， 意象樸實。Edgar Allan PoeRemember Poe as father of modern short story

3、 and father of detective story.Remember his important works.Remember his critical works: The Poetic Principle and The Philosophy of Composition.Be able to list some of his famous short stories and some of his famous poems such as The Raven, Annabel Lee, To Helen.? Tell the story The Cask of Amontill

4、ado in your own words.What is the theme of this short story?Be familiar with his poem To Helen.埃德加愛倫坡Poe 是現(xiàn)代短篇小說之父和偵探小說之父。他的重要著作。他的批評作品：詩歌原則和寫作哲學。 能夠列出一些他著名的短篇小說和一些著名的詩歌，如烏鴉、Annabel Lee、海倫等。?講述一桶白葡萄酒用你自己的話。 這個短篇小說的主題是什么？ 對海倫熟悉他的詩。Ralph Waldo EmersonKnow something about transcendentalism. Remember Em

5、erson as the leader of this philosophy: Transcendentalism refers to a kind of attitude that believes in the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses.Major concepts1) Power of in tuiti on.2) Spirit first, matter se

6、c ond.3) Nature as symbolic of spirit or God.4) In dividual as the most importa nt eleme nt in society/ self-relia nt5) Religi on as an emoti onal com muni cati on betwee n an in dividual soul and theuni versal“ oversoul ”6) Commerce as degradi ng/ pay less atte nti on to the material worldThe “ove-

7、soul as called by Emerson was an all-pervading unitary spiritual power of goodness, omnipresent and omnipotent, from which all things came and of which every one was a part. Gen erally, the over-soul referred to spirit of God as the most importa nt thing in the uni verse.Emerson Nature is called man

8、ifesto of transcendentalism.The American Scholar (1837) is regarded as “ America Second Declaration of Independence / Declaration of Intellectual (Cultural) Independence”Be familiar with the essay -reliaSef .拉爾夫瓦爾多愛默生?知道一些關(guān)于超驗主義。記得愛默生作為這一哲學的領(lǐng)袖：超驗主義指的是一種態(tài)度，相信人的直覺認識真理的能力的識別，或?qū)崿F(xiàn)知識超越感官。主要概念?1)直覺的力量。2)?精

9、神第一，物質(zhì)二。?3 )自然象征精神或上帝。?4)個體在社會/自立的最重要的元素?5)宗教作為一種情感交流個人靈魂和宇宙的“超靈”6)商務？降級/較少關(guān)注物質(zhì)世界? “結(jié)束”艾默生稱作是一種無孔不入的整體精神力量的善良的靈魂，無所不在，無 所不能，這一切來的都是一部分。一般來說，過度的靈魂提到上帝的靈魂是宇宙中 最重要的東西。?愛默生的自然是被稱為“超驗主義”宣言。?美國學者(1837)被譽為“美國的第二次申報知識/獨立宣言(文化)獨立”?熟悉文章“自力更生”。Henry David ThoreauRemember Thoreau masterpiece.Tell the main conte

10、nts of Walde n in your own words.亨利戴維梭羅記得梭羅的杰作。告訴瓦爾登湖的主要內(nèi)容用自己的話。Natha niel Hawthor neIn troduce The Scarlet Letter in your own words.The in flue nee of Purita nism on The Scarlet Letter.An alyze the main characters.Tell the symbolic meanings of the letter A.List Hawthor neajorrworks.納撒尼爾霍桑介紹紅字用你自己的話

11、。清教對紅字的影響。分析主要人物。告訴字母A的象征意義”?；羯Ｖ饕髌妨斜?。Herman MelvilleBe able to list Melville s major works.Be able to retell the story of Moby Dick in your own words.Be able to an alyze the character Capta in Ahab.Be able to tell the symbolic meanings of Moby Dick, the ship Pequod and the coffi n: the White Whale

12、can be read as an allegorical represe ntati on of an unkno wable God or the mysterious force of nature; the Pequod is a symbol of doom/death; Queequegs coffin alter nately symbolizes life and death.The in flue nee of Purita nism on Moby Dick.赫爾曼梅爾維爾可以列出Melville的主要作品。能用自己的話復述 Moby Dick的故事。能夠分析人物Ahab船

13、長。能夠告訴Moby Dick的象征意義，船和棺材：白鯨可以解讀為一個不可知的上 帝或大自然的神秘力量的一種象征；是厄運和死亡的象征；Queequeg的靈柩交替象征著生命和死亡。清教思想對Moby Dick的影響。Walt Whitman? Remember Whitman s most important work.? What is free verse? A kind of poetry that does not conform to any regular metre: the len gth of its lines is irregular, as is its use of r

14、hyme if any. In stead of regular metrical patter n it uses more flexible cade nces or rhythmic group in gs, sometimes supported by an aphora and other devices of repetiti on. Now the most widely practiced verse form in English, it has precedents in translations of the biblical Psalms and in some poe

15、ms of Blake and Goethe, but established itself only in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries with Walt Whitma n.? Be familiar with the poem O Captain, My Captain and know its main idea.? 沃爾特懷特曼?記住懷特曼最重要的工作。? 自由詩是什么？ 一種不符合任何格律的詩：它的線條長度不規(guī)則，如用韻。而不是 常規(guī)的格律采用更靈活的節(jié)奏或韻律的分組，以照應和重復其他設(shè)備有時支持?，F(xiàn) 在是英語中使用最廣的詩歌形式

16、，它在圣經(jīng)圣歌和布萊克和歌德的一些詩歌中有先 例，但只有在第十九世紀末和第二十世紀，沃爾特惠特曼才建立起自己。? 熟悉船長的詩，我的船長，知道它的主要思想。Emily Dick inson? Be familiar with her three poems in the textbook and their themes.? Know something about Dickinson s poetic features: A. Her poems have no titles, hencethe first line of each poem is always quoted as the

17、title of each poem.? B: particular stress patter n: dash”一? C: Capital letters as a mea ns of emphasis;? D: Language: brief, direct, and plain;? E: Poem: short, always on original images or symbols? F: Conven ti onal meters, iambic tetrameter, off-rhymes.? G: Short poetic lines, condensed by using i

18、ntense metaphors and by extensive use of ellipsis.? 狄金森?熟悉她的三在教科書和他們的詩的主題。?知道狄金森的詩性特征的東西：她的詩沒有標題，因此每一首詩的第一行總是引用作為每首詩的題目。? B :特殊應力模式：短跑“-”C:大寫表示強調(diào)；D:語言：簡單、直接、樸素的；E:詩：短，總是對原始圖像或符號F:常規(guī)米，四音步抑揚格，無韻。G :短的詩句，用強烈的隱喻和省略大量使用濃縮。Mark Twai nWhat was Mark Twain tsue name?Samuel Langhorne Clemens What does his pen

19、 name mean?What book of his is thought to be the best one about which Hemingway said “ All moder n America n literature comes from one book by Mark Twain?What is his first real novel? What is its sequel?Name three of his other works.Retell the short story The Celebrated Jump ing Frog of Calaveras Co

20、un ty.What do you know about Mark Twain s Style?Vernacular Language: Mark Twain wrote in his unpretentious, colloquial, and poeticstyle. He used vern acular Ian guage. The direct ness of the Ian guage is a very in flue ntial point in Twain s style.? Local Color: Twain depicted social life through de

21、scripti ons of local places and people he knew best and believed that“ the most valuable capital, or culture, or educati on usable inthe buildi ng of no vels is pers onal experie nee.”? Cracker-barrel Philosopher: Twain adopted the moral stanee of a cracker-barrel philosopher. This term is ofte n us

22、ed to mea n some one who un dersta nds folk wisdom, has a pretty good com mon sense of view of life, and is pretty realistic about social problems. Twain was that kind of a pers on.Stephe n CraneThe defi niti on of America n Naturalism.Remember Stephen Crane s important works.Be familiar with The Op

23、en Boat and know the themes of the short story.F. Scott Fitzgerald? Remember Fitzgerald as the spokesma n of the Jazz Age and his major works.?Be able to in troduce The Great Gatsby and make comme nts about Gatsby.William Faulk ner? Remember some of Faulkner s famous works.Know something about his w

24、riting features: a. complex plotb. stream of consciousnessc. characterization: he was able to probe into the psychology of charactersd. violation of chronologye. courtroom rhetoric: formal languagef. multiple points of view, circular formBe familiar withBarn Burning and know the conflict in it.Ernes

25、t Hemingway? Remember him as the spokesman of the Lost Generation.? Memorize Hemingways major works.nothing in? Know the theme of the short story A Clean, Well-Lighted Place: The theme of Nada /nothingness is the keynote of the whole story. Nada means hopelessness, aimlessness and meaninglessness of

26、 life. Nearly all the characters live in Nada. Faced with the modern society now and then, man should seek light and order to establish dignity in life.? Hemingway s Iceberg principle: His sentences only give one small bit of the meaning. The rest is implied. One must go very deep beneath the surfac

27、e to understand the full meaning of his writing. Certainly, there are moments when the reader feels the suggestion of vast meaning beneath Hemingways few, spare words.? Hemingway s Code Hero:? The “Hemingway Code” of manhood does not involve mere physical strength, sexual potency, or ability to accu

28、mulate (or spend) wealth.? According to this code, a man is defined by will, pride, and endurance: the endurance toaccept pain, even loss-when the loss cannot be avoided; the pride of knowing that one has done one s besti,thwthe courage to act truly according to ones own nature; and the will to face

29、 defeat or victory without whining on one hand or boasting on the other.Ezra Pound? Remember Ezra Pounds most important work The Cantos.? Be familiar with In a Station of the Metro and know the images in it.? Remember the three Imagist poetic principles: direct treatment of the“th(inngo ”fuss,frill, or ornament ), exclusion of superfluous words(