2016英語高考試題北京卷(含答案解析)

1、2016 年普通高等學(xué)校全國(guó)招生統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）英語本試卷共 16 頁，共 150 分。考試時(shí)長(zhǎng) 120 分鐘。考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試 卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)， 45 分）第一節(jié) 單項(xiàng)填空（共 15 小題；每小題 1 分，共 15 分）從每題所給的 A、B、 C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題 卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。例： Its so nice to hear from her again , we last met more than thirty years ago.B. Thats to sayD. B

2、elieve it or notA. What s more C. In other words 答案是 D。21. Jack in the lab when the power cut occurred.A. worksB. has workedC. was workingD. would work13 / 2522. I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.A. whoseB. whyC. where D. which23. Excuse me, which movie are you waiting

3、for?The new Star Wars. We here for more than two hours.A. waited B. wait waiting24. Your support is important to our work.A. However B. WhoeverC. would be waiting you can do helps.C. WhateverD. have beenD. Wherever25. I half of the English novel, and I ll try to finish it at the weekend.A. readB. ha

4、ve readC. am readingD. will read26. it easier to get in touch with us, you d better keep this card at hand.A. MadeB. MakeC. MakingD. To make27. My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, hes in his nineties.A. as long asB. as ifC. even thoughD. in case28. over a week ago, the books are expected

5、 to arrive any time now.A. Orderi ngB. To orderC. Havi ng orderedD. Ordered29. The most pleasa nt thi ng of the rai ny seas on is one can be en tirely free from dust.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. why30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts withsuccess in the end.A. rew

6、ardedB. were rewarded C. will rewardD. will be rewarded31.1 love the weeke nd, because I get up early on Saturdays and Sun days.A. needn B. mustn C. would n D. shouldn 32. Newly-built woode n cottages line the street,the old tow n into a dreamla nd.A. turnB. turni ngC. to turnD. turned33. I really e

7、njoy liste ningto musicit helps me relax and takes my mind away fromother cares of the day.A. becauseB. beforeC. uni essD. un til34. Why didn you tellme about your trouble last week? If youme, I could havehelped.A. toldB. had toldC. were to tellD. would tell35. I am not afraid of tomorrow, I have se

8、e n yesterday and I love today.A. soB. andC. forD. but第二節(jié)完形填空（共 20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。A Race Agai nst DeathIt was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.On the 20th of that mon th, Dr.

9、Welch 36 a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious（傳染的）disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be 37_ if it struck the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 38, the closest supply was over 1,000 miles

10、away, in Anchorage.How could the medicine get to Nome? The town 39 was already full of ice, so itcouldn come by ship. Cars and horses couldn travel on the 40roads. Jet airplanes andbig trucks didn exist yet.41 January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were 42.Nome tow n offici

11、als came up with a（n） 43. They would have the medici ne sent by _44from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogsled（狗 拉雪橇） drivers known as mushers”vould 45 it to Nome in a relay（接力）.The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all ni

12、ght. 46 he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannons face was black from the extreme cold.On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to47 a frozen body of water calledNorton Soun d. It was the most 48 part of the journ ey. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up witho

13、ut warnin g. If that happe ned, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. He would 49, and so would the sick childre n of Nome. But Seppala made itacross.A huge sno wstorm hit on February 1. A musher n amed Kaase n had to brave this storm. At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his 50. He had t

14、o leave the trail （雪橇痕跡）to getaround them. Con diti ons were so bad that it was impossible for him to51the trail aga in.The only hope was Balto, Kaasen lead dog. Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. If Balto failed, it would mean disast

15、er for Nome. The minu tes passed by. Sudde nly, Balto bega n to 53. He had found the trail.At 5:30 am on February 2, Kaase n and his dog 54 in Nome. Within minu tes, Dr. Welch had the medicine. He quickly gave it to the sick children. All of them recovered.Nome had bee n 55.36. A. exam inedB. warned

16、C. i nterviewedD. cured37. A. harmlessB. helplessC. fearlessD. careless38. A. MoreoverB. ThereforeC. OtherwiseD. However39. A. airportB. stati onC. harborD. border40. A. narrowB. snowyC. busyD. dirty41. A. FromB. OnC. ByD. After42. A. tiredB. upsetC. paleD. sick43. A. planB. excuseC. messageD. topic

17、44. A. airB. railC. seaD. road45. A. carryB. returnC. mailD. give46. A. ThoughB. SinceC. WhenD. If47. A. enterB. moveC. visitD. cross48. A. shamefulB. boringC. dangerousD. foolish49. A. escapeB. bleedC. swimD. die50. A. memoryB. exitC. wayD. destination51. A. findB. fixC. passD. change52. A. pretend

18、ingB. tryingC. askingD. learning53. A. runB. leaveC. biteD. play54. A. gatheredB. stayedC. campedD. arrived55. A. controlledB. savedC. foundedD. developed第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)， 40 分）第一節(jié)（共 15 小題；每小題 2 分，共30 分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、 D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ADecember 15, 2014 Dear Alfred ，I want to tell you ho

19、w important your help is to my life.Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150+ at 17, Imanything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADHD（ 注意力缺陷多動(dòng)障礙 ）. Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.However, when s

20、omething did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I wanted to

21、 go to college afterhigh school, but couldn t. So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered theonline computer courses of your training center.Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently, Im learning your Probability course. I have hu

22、ndreds of printer paper, covered in self-written notes from your videos. This has given me a purpose.Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public, I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the job Data Analyst this month an

23、d have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.Thank you. You ve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because I

24、 m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.This is why you re saving my life.Yours, Tanis56. Why didn t Tanis go to college after high school?A. She had learned enough about computer science.B. She had more difficulty keeping focused.C. She preferred taking online

25、 courses.D. She was too slow to learn.57. As for the working environment, Tanis prefers .A. working by herselfB. dealing with the publicC. competing against othersD. staying with ADHD students58. Tanis wrote this letter in order to .A. explain why she was interested in the computerB. share the ideas

26、 she had for her professionC. show how grateful she was to the centerD. describe the courses she had taken so farSurviving Hurricane Sandy （颶風(fēng)桑迪 ）Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wav

27、es from her house.“It stheocean that makes Rockaway so special, ”she says.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city s bridge close

28、d.When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school i

29、n Brooklyn.In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elde

30、rly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.“My mom tells me that I can t control what happens to me, ”Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it. ”Natalie s choice was to help.She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.Natalie posted

31、information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick s collection was replaced.In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie als

32、o worked with other organizations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today, the scars（ 創(chuàng)痕 ） of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the a

33、ir. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I cant imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,”Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before. ”59. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found .A. some friends had lost their livesB. her n e

34、ighborhood was destroyedC. her school had moved to Brookl ynD. the elderly were free from sufferi ng60. Accord ing to Paragraph 4, who in spired Natalie most?A. The people help ing Rockaway rebuild.B. The people trapped in high-rise build in gs.C. The volun teers don ati ng money to survivors.D. Loc

35、al teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.61. How did Natalie help the survivors?A. She gave her toys to other kids.B. She took care of youn ger childre n.C. She called on the White House to help.D. She built an in formati on shari ng platform.62. What does the story intend to tell us?A. Litt

36、le people can make a big differenee.B. A friend in n eed is a friend in deed.C. East or west, home is best.D. Tech no logy is power.Califor nia Con dor Shock ing RecoveryCalifor nia con dors are North America largest birds, with win d-le ngth of up to 3 meters .In the 1980s, electrical lines and lea

37、d poisoning（鉛中毒）nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatme nt are help ing to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few con dors were take n from the wild to be bred（繁殖）.Since1992, there have bee n multiple rein troductio ns to the wild, and there a

38、re now more tha n 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don t see the power lines,”says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resultin

39、g in electrocution（ 電死 ） if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set

40、-freed birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can le

41、ad to kidney（ 腎 ） failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 3

42、8% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideout s team thinks that the California condors average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now, ”he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recov

43、ering them. ”63. California condors attract researchers interest because they .A. are active at nightB. had to be bred in the wildC. are found only in CaliforniaD. almost died out in the 1980s64. Researchers have found electrical lines are .A. blocking condors journey homeB. big killers of Californi

44、a condorsC. rest places for condors at nightD. used to keep condors away65. According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning .A. makes condors too nervous to flyB. has little effect on condors kidneysC. can hardly be gotte n rid of from con dors bloodD. makes it difficult for con dors to produce baby birds6

45、6. This passage shows that.A. the average survival time of con dors is satisfactoryB. Rideouts research in terest lies in electric engin eeri ngC. the efforts to protect con dors have brought good resultsD. researchers have found the final an swers to the problemDWhy College Is Not HomeThe college y

46、ears are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy（ 自主性）and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolesce nee, duri ng which many of todays stude nts and are not shouldered with adult resp on sibilities.For previous gen eratio ns, colle

47、ge was a decisive break from pare ntal con trol; guida nee and support n eeded to come from people of the same age and from with in. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have in creased sig ni fica ntly.

48、Some pare nts go so far as to help with coursework. In stead of promoti ng the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to aut onomy and adult resp on sibility, uni versities have give n in to the idea that they should provide the same en viro nment as that of the home.To prepare

49、for in creased aut onomy and resp on sibility, college n eeds to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “ying on ” new ways of thinking about on eself bother in tellectually（ 在思維方面 ）and pers on ally. While we should provide safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make

50、 it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.Lear ning to deal with the social world is equally importa nt. Because a college com mun ity（群體）differs from the family, many stude nts will struggle to find a

51、 sense of bel ongin g. If stude nts rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challe nge of finding an ide ntity with in a larger and complex com muni ty.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up

52、 against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined（ 規(guī)定 ） and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surpr

53、ising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Th

54、erefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of th

55、e necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.67. What sthe author s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?A. Sympathetic.B. Disapproving.C. Supportive.D. Neutral.68. The underlined word “passage”in Paragraph 2 means .A. changeB. choiceC. textD. extension69. Accordi

56、ng to the author, what role should college play?A. To develop a shared identity among students.B. To define and regulate students social behavior.C. To provide a safe world without tension for students.D. To foster students intellectual and personal development.70. Which of the following shows the d

57、evelopment of ideas in the passage?I: In troducti onP:Po intSp:Sub-point（次要點(diǎn)）C:Conclusion第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題 2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。The Scie nee of Risk-Seek ingSometimes we decide that a little unn ecessary dan ger is worth it because whe n we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth task ing.71 Some of us enjoy activitiesthat would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may ha