職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ怋級(jí)新增文章及譯文

1、職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ怋 級(jí)新增文章及譯文資料僅供參考Real World Robots .錯(cuò)誤!未定義書簽。When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach 錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書簽。MusicalRobot CompanionEnhances ListenerExperience .錯(cuò)誤!未定義書簽。ResearchersDiscoverWhyHumansBeganWalking Upright.錯(cuò)誤!未定義書簽。Giant Structures .錯(cuò)誤!未定義書簽。Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures 錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書簽。Better Solar En

2、ergy Systems: More Heat, MoreLight .錯(cuò)誤!未定義書簽。What Is a Dream? .錯(cuò)誤!未定義書簽。The Biology of Music .錯(cuò)誤!未定義書簽。The Apgar Test .錯(cuò)誤!未定義書簽。Ice Cream Taster Has Sweet Job 錯(cuò)誤 ! 未定義書簽。Real World Robots Lightening Strikes.錯(cuò)誤!未定義書簽。.錯(cuò)誤!未定義書簽。資料僅供參考Real World RobotsWhen you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny,

3、 metallic device having the same general shape as a human being, performing humanlike functions, and responding to your questions in a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instea

4、d a robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or dangerous functionsusually performed by humans. Today s robot is more than an automatic machine that performsone task again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelli

5、gence that is, a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience.A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficult

6、y remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate. A robot even has limbs that swivel and move in combination with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings1, a robot utilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the

7、資料僅供參考robot s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeter as it moves on an incline, a gyroscope or a pendulum inside it senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object ，the robot bounces beams of laser light

8、and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path2. These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer, which then analyzes the information and corrects or adjusts the robot s actions. As science and technology advance, the robot too will progress in its functions and use of a

9、rtificial-intelligence programs.當(dāng)你想到機(jī)器人的時(shí)候， 你腦海中浮現(xiàn)的是不是一個(gè)有著大致人類輪廓的、 能夠發(fā)揮像人類一樣的功能，而且能用夾著高音的單調(diào)音調(diào)回答你的問題的有光澤的金屬裝置？很多人想象中的機(jī)器人都是這個(gè)樣子的，可是，在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中，機(jī)器人和人類長(zhǎng)得一點(diǎn)都不像。 與之相反，機(jī)器人一般是一個(gè)不會(huì)說話的盒子狀機(jī)器， 能夠代替人類高效率地完成一些重復(fù)性的或者危險(xiǎn)的工作。現(xiàn)在的機(jī)器人不但僅是一臺(tái)能夠重復(fù)同一任務(wù)的自動(dòng)工具， 而是具有不同程度的人工智能， 也就是說，機(jī)器人內(nèi)置了一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)程序， 能夠指資料僅供參考導(dǎo)機(jī)器人完成與人類智能有關(guān)的任務(wù)，比如推理、得出結(jié)論

10、，以及從過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí)。機(jī)器人不具備人形的原因是， 如果機(jī)器人有兩條腿的話，保持平衡會(huì)很困難。 機(jī)器人的移動(dòng)主要依靠輪軸結(jié)構(gòu)旋轉(zhuǎn)來實(shí)現(xiàn)。 有的機(jī)器人甚至還能夠經(jīng)過接合點(diǎn)和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)和移動(dòng)的臂。機(jī)器人依靠多種內(nèi)置的感覺器來幫助尋找路徑。連接在機(jī)器人底部的天線能夠探測(cè)到機(jī)器人撞到的任何物體。在斜坡上移動(dòng)的時(shí)候， 如果機(jī)器人開始搖晃， 機(jī)器人內(nèi)部的陀螺儀和鐘擺儀就會(huì)探測(cè)到水平方向的變化。機(jī)器人探測(cè)自己與其它物體的距離以及到達(dá)該物體的時(shí)間的方法是發(fā)射激光束和超聲波，經(jīng)過反射的信號(hào)來判斷這些信息。這些探測(cè)器不斷地向計(jì)算機(jī)提供信息，計(jì)算機(jī)將這些信息進(jìn)行分析， 從而糾正或調(diào)整機(jī)器人的進(jìn)一步動(dòng)作。隨著科技的

11、進(jìn)步， 機(jī)器人也會(huì)在功能和人工智能程序等方面上取得發(fā)展。When Our Eyes Serve Our StomachOur senses aren t just delivering汪 strict view of what s going on in the world; they affected by what s going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related r資料僅供參考words more clearly than people who ve justeaten.Psych

12、ologists have known for decades thatwhat s going on,inside our head affects oursenses. For example, poorer children think coinsare larger than they are, and hungry peoplethink pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radelof University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis，F(xiàn)rance，wanted to investigate how this happen

13、s. Does ithappen right away as the brain receives signalsfrom the eyes or a little later as the brainhigh-level thinking processes get involved.Radel recruited 42 students with a normalbody mass index. On the day of his or her test,each student was told to arrive at the lab atnoon after three or fou

14、r hours of not eating.Then they were told there was a delay. Somewere told to come back in 10 minutes; otherswere given an hour to get lunch first. So half thestudents were hungry when they did theexperiment and the other half had just eaten.For the experiment, the participant lookedat a computer screen. One by one, 80 wordsflashed on the screen for about l/300th of asecond each. They flashed at so small a siz