外文翻譯：地源熱泵系統(tǒng)的模擬與設(shè)計(jì)資料

1、摘要：總結(jié)了近年來(lái)地源熱泵系統(tǒng)的模擬和設(shè)計(jì)方面的研究和進(jìn)展。首先給出了地源熱泵系統(tǒng)各部件建模方面的進(jìn)展，包括豎直埋管地?zé)釗Q熱器、單井循環(huán)系統(tǒng)以及在地源熱泵混合系 統(tǒng)中采用的幾種輔助散熱裝置。其次，討論現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)定深層巖土熱物性的技術(shù)。第三，介紹豎直埋管地?zé)釗Q熱器的設(shè)計(jì)方法。最后，給出在設(shè)計(jì)地源熱泵系統(tǒng)中采用系統(tǒng)模擬的幾個(gè)應(yīng)用 實(shí)例。關(guān)鍵詞：熱泵；地?zé)釗Q熱器；熱物性；混合系統(tǒng)；模型；設(shè)計(jì)；模擬1.簡(jiǎn)介從熱力學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看， 在空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中利用地源熱作為熱源或者冷源是吸引人的。這是因?yàn)?，從全年?lái)看，其溫度比環(huán)境干球或濕球溫度更接近于室內(nèi)(所需要)的溫度?；谶@個(gè) 原因，地源熱泵系統(tǒng)較之空氣源熱泵系統(tǒng)在高效

2、率上更具有潛力。在實(shí)際情況中，源熱泵系統(tǒng)由于沒(méi)有設(shè)備暴露在外部的環(huán)境中，花在維修方面的費(fèi)用是比較低的(Ca ne, et al. 1998).雖然已經(jīng)有一些地源熱泵系統(tǒng)技術(shù)在斯堪的那維亞半島得到發(fā)展，但是其商業(yè)上的開發(fā)利用卻是在美國(guó)做得最好。 這是主要是因?yàn)樵诿绹?guó)已經(jīng)存在著一個(gè)很大的住宅空調(diào)系統(tǒng)市場(chǎng)。其系統(tǒng)由于有著較低的能耗和低運(yùn)行費(fèi)用已經(jīng)證明吸引了很多業(yè)主。在美國(guó)很多地區(qū)用電峰值取決于空調(diào)用電量。對(duì)于這個(gè)原因使得一些電力設(shè)備公司對(duì)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)很感興趣，他們希望通過(guò)使用這樣的系統(tǒng)來(lái)減少對(duì)電力的需求。一些小型商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)和公共部門已經(jīng)研究出這種技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。地源熱泵系統(tǒng)由于其較低的運(yùn)行費(fèi)用而吸引一些學(xué)校主

3、管，并有越來(lái)越多的學(xué)校使用。在美國(guó)關(guān)于地源熱泵技術(shù)實(shí)際應(yīng)用的一些實(shí)例研究細(xì)節(jié)已經(jīng)交給GHPC。在論文接下來(lái)的部分中我們首先會(huì)給出地源熱泵系統(tǒng)各部件建模方面的進(jìn)展，包括豎直埋管地?zé)釗Q熱器、水源熱泵、單井循環(huán)系統(tǒng)以及在地源熱泵混合系統(tǒng)中采用的幾種輔助散熱裝置。由于要設(shè)計(jì)地下?lián)Q熱器首先就要了解地?zé)岬膶傩?這篇論文的第二部分簡(jiǎn)要介紹了確定深層在論文的第巖土熱物性的模型，這種方法是由對(duì)測(cè)試孔溫度反應(yīng)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試法引申而來(lái)的。三部分，將會(huì)介紹一下用軟件來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)豎直埋管地?zé)釗Q熱器的方法。最后，給出在設(shè)計(jì)地源熱泵系統(tǒng)中采用系統(tǒng)模擬的幾個(gè)應(yīng)用實(shí)例，其中包括混合 GSHP系統(tǒng)和防凍GSHP系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。2.GSHP系統(tǒng)

4、模型構(gòu)成GSHP系統(tǒng)一般由水源熱泵和地下?lián)Q熱器組成，對(duì)于混合GSHP系統(tǒng)，還包括幾種輔助散熱裝置。這些模擬的設(shè)備在下面被覆蓋。2.1閉循環(huán)地下?lián)Q熱器閉循環(huán)雙管系統(tǒng)可采用水平埋管或垂直埋管。垂直埋管系統(tǒng)由于其較高的換熱效率而被人們較多的采用。這種類型的閉式循環(huán)換熱器由一根根置入直徑為75MM150MM 鉆孔的U型管組成。這些鉆孔在置入U(xiǎn)型管后用鉆出來(lái)的土回填或者，更普遍，整個(gè)孔都用薄泥漿填塞。灌漿通常是避免地下水的污染而且使換熱管道與完全接觸以達(dá)大良好的換熱效果。常用于系統(tǒng)埋管的是直徑為 22MM33MM 的高密度聚乙烯管 (HDPE)。打孔深度一般在 30M120M 之間。兩種模擬的復(fù)雜性很有

5、意思。首先，測(cè)量地下?lián)Q熱器在單位時(shí)間內(nèi)用戶的最小輸入的設(shè)計(jì)方法是可取的。其次，其能預(yù)測(cè)數(shù)小時(shí)內(nèi)(或較短的時(shí)距)由于建筑物負(fù)荷的連續(xù)變化對(duì)地下?lián)Q熱器造成何影響的模擬模式也是也是可取的。這一理論允許對(duì)系統(tǒng)能量消耗和用電需求預(yù) 測(cè)。因?yàn)閮烧叩姆椒ㄒ员籈skilson(1987)發(fā)展的模型為基礎(chǔ)在這論文中呈現(xiàn)了，Eskison的方法將會(huì)首先被討論，接著是對(duì)被Yavuzturk和Spitler發(fā)展的模擬模式的描述.(1999)2.1.1 Eskison 的研究方法Eskis on (1987)針對(duì)地耦孔周圍溫度分布的確定問(wèn)題的解決辦法是采用邏輯分析和數(shù)學(xué)解析相結(jié)合的辦法。對(duì)于初始條件和邊界條件恒定的均勻

6、土壤中的單個(gè)地耦孔的相關(guān)數(shù)值建立 徑向-軸向坐標(biāo)，使用瞬態(tài)有限差分方程進(jìn)行二維數(shù)值計(jì)算。像管壁和泥漿等個(gè)別鉆孔要素 的熱容量是被忽略的。單個(gè)鉆孔的溫度場(chǎng)通過(guò)重疊來(lái)獲得整個(gè)鉆孔范圍。整個(gè)鉆孔范圍的溫度回應(yīng)被轉(zhuǎn)換到一組非線性的溫度反饋因數(shù)，被稱做G-函數(shù)。這個(gè) G-函數(shù)使得與某一時(shí)間內(nèi)的特定熱量輸入相應(yīng)引起的地耦孔壁的溫度變化情況的計(jì)算成為可能。一經(jīng)鉆孔范圍的反饋對(duì)階梯熱量的反饋用G-函數(shù)來(lái)表示，任何的任意熱反饋函數(shù)能被藉由在一系列的階梯函數(shù)之上讓熱反饋/輸出決定，而且疊加對(duì)每個(gè)梯度函數(shù)的反饋。這一過(guò)程對(duì)于四個(gè)月的熱反饋以圖示的方法在圖1中表示?；镜臒崦}沖(從零到 Q1 )是指歷經(jīng)整個(gè)過(guò)程4個(gè)月

7、后的熱量峰值，其值Q1=Q1。次級(jí)脈沖 Q2=Q2-Q1，為3個(gè)月期間后的峰值。同理， Q3=Q3-Q2 為兩個(gè)月期末峰值，最后， Q4=Q4-Q3指一個(gè)月后的熱量峰值。因此，任何時(shí)間地耦孔壁的溫度都能夠由這四個(gè)階梯函數(shù)計(jì)算確定。從數(shù)學(xué)角度來(lái)看，在第nth時(shí)期的末期，受位置因素影響的地耦孔壁的溫度如下：Tborehole?Tgrou nd?i?1 n(Qi?Qi?1)t n?ti?1rbg(,) 2?ktsH其中：t =時(shí)間(s)ts?時(shí)間范圍？H2/(9a)H =孔井深度(m)k=巖土導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)(W/(m.k)Tborehole= 孔井平均溫度(C)Tground=巖土穩(wěn)態(tài)溫度(C)Q=階梯熱

8、反饋脈沖(W/m)rb= 孔徑(m)i=時(shí)間梯度結(jié)束指數(shù)2.1.2仿真模型這里所說(shuō)的仿真模型的大部分細(xì)節(jié)已經(jīng)由Yavuzturk 和Spitler所介紹。在2.2垂直圓形孔井垂直圓形孔井用于直接與巖土進(jìn)行熱交換。一種用來(lái)研究垂直圓形孔井性能的數(shù)據(jù)模型已經(jīng)研發(fā)了，它由兩部分組成：地耦孔構(gòu)成的節(jié)點(diǎn)模型，附近地下水流動(dòng)和巖土中熱傳遞定容模型。這種模型的運(yùn)用包括對(duì)地下水流動(dòng)導(dǎo)致的熱傳遞的明確處理(Rees,etal.2003)。這種模型可以考察垂直圓形孔井的性能在使用中的影響和重要意義。其性能在 以下幾個(gè)參量中是最具敏感的：流量，地耦孔長(zhǎng)度，巖土熱傳導(dǎo)率和水壓傳導(dǎo)率。2.3水源熱泵Jin和Spitle

9、r(2002a)發(fā)明了一種參量估算水源熱泵模型。這種模型對(duì)冷凍循環(huán)進(jìn)行熱力學(xué)分析，比熱交換模型更簡(jiǎn)單，同時(shí)比冷凍循環(huán)壓縮機(jī)模型更為精確。在第二篇論文(Jin,etal.2002b)中，對(duì)這一模型進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展，包括回旋式空氣壓縮機(jī)的子模型和使用防凍劑的步驟。制造廠商的目錄數(shù)據(jù)中敘述了多變量?jī)?yōu)化算法估算出的模型中的各種參量。Jin(2002)詳細(xì)敘述了多變量?jī)?yōu)化算法和估算出的參量。比起在此之前生產(chǎn)的方程-適宜類型模型，水源熱泵模型更為精確。Jin(2002)還介紹了一種類似的水源熱泵模型。2.4混合式GSHP系統(tǒng)的熱量補(bǔ)償?shù)卦礋岜孟到y(tǒng)中地耦孔的成本是系統(tǒng)成本的重要部分，但它主要取決于當(dāng)?shù)氐刭|(zhì)狀況。這種

10、裝置主要用于制冷建筑物中。在這種巖土的導(dǎo)熱性差，鉆孔條件簡(jiǎn)陋的地方，水源熱泵系統(tǒng)的成本的比較昂貴。盡管如此，我們可以采取初次成本與能效折中的辦法，縮小耦孔范圍， 在熱泵水管內(nèi)安裝輔助散熱裝置。這樣的系統(tǒng)稱為混合型地源熱泵系統(tǒng)?；旌舷到y(tǒng)的水管中有各種不同類型的散熱裝置，比如冷卻塔，帶換熱器的淺水池，液壓加熱面或者叫橋?qū)?。Chiasso n(2002a)發(fā)明了淺水池模型，其原理是：由于閉循環(huán)換熱器，需要Chiass on (2000b)同時(shí)還發(fā)明在水層表面安裝天然熱傳遞裝置的基礎(chǔ)上安裝對(duì)流換熱裝置。了一種適用于液壓加熱面或者叫橋?qū)拥挠邢薏罘帜Ｐ汀＿@種模型甚至能夠模仿積雪融化過(guò)程。以上這些模型使用試

11、驗(yàn)性的輔助散熱裝置，在俄克拉荷馬州大學(xué)得到認(rèn)可。3土壤熱量特性的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)定測(cè)量深層巖土的熱傳導(dǎo)性對(duì)于地源熱泵系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō)至關(guān)重要。地耦孔的寬度長(zhǎng)度主要取決于深層巖土的熱物性。測(cè)定深層巖土的熱傳導(dǎo)性的傳統(tǒng)方法是首先確定地耦孔周圍巖土的類型。確定后，可以通過(guò)雙管熱泵系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)中關(guān)于巖土類型的資料來(lái)測(cè)定其熱傳導(dǎo)性(EPRI1989)。據(jù)報(bào)道，巖土信息中的熱傳導(dǎo)性有更廣泛的價(jià)值，因此能找到一種更精確地測(cè)定巖土熱傳導(dǎo)性的方法就更好了。深層巖土的熱傳導(dǎo)性不能直接測(cè)定，只能通過(guò)溫?zé)嶙儞Q測(cè)定法來(lái)推斷，還需利用一些地?zé)醾鬟f模式，比如線形水源法(In gersolland Plass1948;Moge nse n19

12、83)或者柱形水源法(Carslaw and Jaeger1947)。有趣的是它們還有相反的用途由巖土的性能來(lái)測(cè)定其熱物性，而不是由巖土的熱物性來(lái)測(cè)定其性能。雖然線形水源法和柱形水源法可以反過(guò)來(lái)運(yùn)用于測(cè)算巖土熱傳導(dǎo)性，但是仍然需要做一些簡(jiǎn)單假設(shè)，因?yàn)槠溆绊懡Y(jié)果是不易測(cè)定的。采用地耦孔詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)模型，對(duì)地耦孔幾何學(xué)和熱流體，管道。泥漿以及巖土的熱物性進(jìn)行詳細(xì)描 述，可以減少簡(jiǎn)單假設(shè)造成的不確定因素。這樣，對(duì)地?zé)醾鲗?dǎo)性就會(huì)有一個(gè)更精確的估算。巖土溫度反應(yīng)的分析步驟有兩中基本類型：分析法(Witte,et al.2002)和參量估算法(Austin1998;Austin et al.2000;Shon

13、der and Beck1999)。Witte et al(2002)用線形水源法和不確定分析法對(duì)巖土熱傳導(dǎo)性進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試。Aust in et al(2000)的參量估算法是用垂直鉆孔的瞬態(tài)二維數(shù)據(jù)定容模式來(lái)測(cè)算一個(gè)已知的變時(shí)間的熱流量輸入的巖土溫度反應(yīng)。Nelder Mead的單工運(yùn)算法則被用來(lái)發(fā)掘巖土和泥漿熱傳導(dǎo)性的最有價(jià)值的用途，那就是把實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量的溫度反應(yīng)和估算的溫度反應(yīng)之間的差值減小到最低限度。Austin et al.(2000)發(fā)明的測(cè)試系統(tǒng)的示意圖。實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置放在一個(gè)可以拖動(dòng)的拖車?yán)?。地耦孔安裝被一個(gè)長(zhǎng)達(dá) 50小時(shí)的試驗(yàn)證明是滿意的。一個(gè)較短的試驗(yàn)時(shí)間是非常合人心意的 而且可能是

14、將來(lái)研究的主題。外文文獻(xiàn)：Source heat pump system simulati on and desig n abstractSummarized the recent years source heat pump system simulati on and the desig naspect research and the progress.First has given the source heat pump system various parts modelling aspect progress,includingthe vertical pipe installa

15、tiongeothermy heat in tercha nger, the si ngle well circulatory system as well as several kind of assista nee heat dissipat ing arran geme nt which uses in the place source heat pump mix system.Next, discusses the sce ne determ in ati onin-depth gro und hotn aturaltech no logy.Third,in troduct ionve

16、rtical pipe in stallati on geothermy heatin tercha nger desig n method. Fin ally, gives in the desig n source heat pump system uses the system simulatio n several applicati on example.Key word: Heat pump; Geothermy heat interchanger;Hot nature;Mix system;Model; Desig n; Simulati on1. syno pses looke

17、d from thermody namics viewpo int that, uses the source hot workin the air-c on diti oning system for the heat source or the heat sink is appeali ng.Thisis because, looked from the whole year, its temperature ratio environment dry bulb or the wet-bulb temperature approach (n eeds) in the room the te

18、mperature.Based on this reas on, the source heat pump system has the pote ntial compared with the air source heat pump system in the high efficie ncy.ln actual situati on, source heat pump system because does not have the equipment to expose in exterior en viro nment, the flower in the service aspec

19、t expe nse is quite low (Ca ne, et al. 19982. Although already had some source heat pump system tech no logy to obta in the developme nt in the Scandin avia n penin sula, but i n its commercial developme nt use was actually does well in US.This is mai nly is because already has a very big hous ingai

20、r-conditioningsystem market in US.Because its system has the low energycon sumpti on and the low operati ng cost already proved has attracted very many own ers.Uses electricity the peak value in America n very many areas to be decided by the air conditioning electricityconsumption.Enables some power

21、 equipmentcompanyregardingthis reason to be interestedvery much to this system, theyhoped through uses such system to reduce for the electric power dema nd.Some small bus in ess orga ni zati on and the public departme nts already studied this kind of tech no logy the applicati on. The source heat pu

22、mp system attracts some schoolmanager as a result of it low operating cost, and has the more and more many school use.Already gave GHPC in US about the place source heat pump tech no logy practical applicati on some example research detail.3. Meets down in the paper in the part we first can give the

23、 source heat pump system various parts modell ing aspect progress, in cludi ng the vertical pipe in stallati on geothermy heat in tercha nger, the water source heat pump, the sin glewell circulatory system as well as several kind of assistanee heat dissipating arran geme nt which uses in the place s

24、ource heat pump mix system.Because mustdesig n the un dergro undheat in tercha ngerfirst to have to un dersta ndthegeothermy the attribute, this papersec ondpart in troduced briefly thedeterm in ati on in-depth gro und hot n atural model, this method is by to measured the test hole temperature resp

25、on ded the sce ne test method expa nds comes .In the paper third part, will be able to in troduce will desig n the vertical pipe in stallati on geothermy heat in tercha nger with the software the method. Fin ally, gives in the design source heat pump system uses the system simulation several applica

26、tion example, in cludi ng mixes the GSHP system and the frostproof GSHP system desig n.4. The 2.GSHP system model con stitutes the GSHP system gen erally is composed by the water source heat pump and the un dergro und heat in tercha nger, regard ing mixes the GSHP system, but also in cludes several

27、kind of assista nee heat dissipat ing arran geme nt.These simulati on equipme nt is covered in unde shuts the circulati on un dergro und heat i ntercha nger to shut the circulati on double barrel systems to be possible to use the horiz on tal pipe in stallati on or the vertical pipe in stallati on.

28、Vertical pipe in stallati on system as a result of it high heat tran sfer efficie ncy by people many uses.This kind of type closed cycle heat in tercha nger sets at i nto the diameter by a root is 75mm150mm the drill hole U tube is composed.These drill holes after set at into the U tube with the ear

29、th backfill which drills or, more uni versal, the en tire kondow pads with the thin mud.ls in the milk usually is avoids the gro und water the pollutio n moreover caus ing the heat tran sfer pipeli ne with to con tact completely reaches the greatly good heat tran sferden sityeffect .Iscom monlyused

30、the diameter is the 22mm33mmhighpolyethyle neman ages(HDPE) in the system pipein stallati on.Punchdepthgen erally betwee n 30m120m.Two kind of simulatio n complexity are veryin teresti ng.First,the surveyun dergro und heat in tercha nger users smallest in put desig n method is may take in the un it

31、time.Next, its can forecast in for several hours (or short time curve) because the buildi ng load con ti nu ously cha nge has what in flue nee to the un dergro und heat in tercha nger the simulatio n pattern also is also is may take.This theory permissi on and uses electricity the dema nd forecast t

32、o the systemen ergycon sumpti on .Because both method take has bee n prese nted by Eskils on (1987) developme nt model as the foun datio n in this paper, the Eskis on method could first discuss, then will be to by Yavuzturk and the Spitler developmentsimulationpattern descriptio n. (1999)2.1.1 Eskis

33、 on research tech niq uesEskis on (1987) aims at the pair hole the ambie nt temperature distributi on defi nite questio n soluti on uses the means which the logic an alysis and the mathematical an alysis uni fy.Regard ing the in itial con diti on and in the boun darycon diti oncon sta nt eve n soil

34、the pair hole related value establishme nt radial directi on - axial coord in ates,the use tran sie ntstate fin ite differe neeequati oncarries on thetwo-dime nsional value computatio n in dividually.The pipe wall and the mud and so on the in dividual drill hole esse ntial factor calorific capacity

35、is likely is n eglected.The single drill hole temperature field through overlaps obtainsthe entire drill hole scope.The entire drill hole scope temperatureresponseis transformedto a group ofnon-I in ear temperature feedback factor, was called makes the G- fun ctio n.This G- function possibly causes

36、the place pair ope ning wall temperature cha nge situati on computati on which the specific heat in put causes corresp ondin gly with some time in in to.As soon as passes through the drill hole scope the feedback to in dicate to the steps and ladders quantity of heat feedback with the G- functiontha

37、t, anyran dom temperature feedback fun cti on can because of let above a series of step function the temperature feedback/output decision, moreover superimposes to each gradie nt function feedback.This process expressed regard ing four mon th-l ong temperature feedbacks by the graphical represe ntat

38、i on method in Figure simulati on model here said the simulati on model majority of details alreadyintroducedby Yavuzturk and Spitlernthis paper will be able to give its briefdescriptio n. This model esse ntial target is the applicatio n in the con struct ion en ergy an alysis, this model ca

39、n forecast the system en ergy con sumpti on take each hour as the un it.This model n ati on ality will con summate by the Eskils on theory develops is discussed in here.The Master G- fun ctio n in creased the forecast freque ncyto anhour several times.Eskils on uses for to determ ine the G- fun cti

40、on the data model not to be suitable for the short time curve survey, uses ano ther kind of data modelto survey a place pair hole short time internal heat feedback/outputpulse thetemperature resp on se.Regard ing the short time in hot pulse, in side and outside theradial direct ionpositi onpair hole

41、 hot shift affects the axial positi onhot shift isradialmuch bigger than.From this, has produced one kind of two-dimensional directio n con sta nt volume model.The details see also Yavuzturk, et al. (1999).2.2 vertical circular hole well vertical circular hole well uses in directly carry ing onthe h

42、eat cha nge with the gro und.One kind used for to study the vertical circularhole well performaneethe data model already to research and develop, it wascomposed by two parts: Pair hole con stituti on node model, i n n earby ground waterflowing and ground heat transfer constantvolume model.Thiskind o

43、f modelutilizati on in cludi ng the heat tran sfer which causes to the ground water flow ing isclear about processing (Rees, et al.2003).This kind of model may inspect vertical circular Kong Jing the performa nee in the use in flue nee and the vital sig ni fica nce.lts performanee is most has in fol

44、lowingseveral parameters sensitively:Currentcapacity, pair hole len gth,ground heat con ductivity and hydraulic pressurecon ductivity.2.3 water source heat pump Jin and Spitler(2002a) has inven tedone kind ofparameter estimate water source heat pump model.This kind of model carries onthe thermod yn

45、amic an alysis to the freez ing circulati on, the specific heat excha nge model is simpler, simultaneouslyis more precise than the freezingcirculationcompressor model.l n the sec ond paper (Jin, et al.2002b), carries on the expa nsionto this model,includingmaneuver type air compressor sub-model and

46、usean tifreeze step .In the manu facture manu facturer table of contents data n arrated in model each kind of parameter which the multivariable optimization algorithmestimates.Jin(2002) in detailnarratedthe parameter which the multivariableoptimizati on algorithm and estimates.Compares the equatio n

47、 - being suitable type model which before then produces, the water source heat pump model is more precise.Jin(2002) also introduced one kind of similar water source heat pump model.In 2.4 mixed style GSHP system thermal compe nsati on source heat pump system the pair hole cost is the system cost imp

48、orta nt part, but it mainly is decided by the local geology con diti on. This kind of equipme nt mainly uses in refrigerati ng in the building.ls bad in this kind of ground thermal conductivity, drill hole condition crude place, water source heat pump system cost quite expe nsive.For all this, we ma

49、y adopt the primary cost with to be able the effect compromise means, reduces the pair hole scope, in stalls the assista nee heat dissipati ng arran geme nt in the heat pump water pipe.Such system is called the mixed source heat pump system.In the mix system water pipe has each kind of differenttype

50、 heat dissipatingarran geme nt, for in sta nee the cooli ng tower, brings the heat i ntercha nger shallow pool, the hydraulic pressureheati ngsurface or is called the bridgelevel.Chiass on(2002a) has inven ted the shallow pool model, its prin ciple is: Because shuts the circulati on heat in tercha n

51、ger, n eeds to in stall the coun ter-flowheattransfer installment in the water level surface mountingnaturalheat transferin stallme nt foun dati on. Chiass on(2000b) simulta neously also inven ted one kind to be suitable in the hydraulic pressure heat ing surface or is called the bridge level the fi

52、nitediffereneemodel.This kind of model even can imitate the snow meltingprocess.The above these model use experimentalassistaneeheat dissipating arran geme nt, obta ins the approval in Oklahoma State Uni versity.1. soil qua ntity of heat characteristic scene determ in ati on survey in-depthground he

53、at con ductivityregard ing the place source heat pump system veryimportant.The pair hole width length mainly is decided by in-depth ground hot n ature.The determ in ati on in-depth ground heat con ductivity traditi onal method isfirst defi nitearound the pair hole the gro undtype.After the determ in

54、 ati on,maydeterm ine its heat con ductivity through Double barrel Heat pump System desig nHan dbook about the ground type material (EPRI1989).Accord ing to the report, inthe gro und in formatio n heat con ductivity has a more widespread value, thereforecould find one kind of more precisesurveyingto

55、 decide the groundheatcon ductivity method to be better. The in-depth ground heat con ductivity cannot the immediate determ inant, only be able to infer through the tepid tran sformatio n measuri ng method, but also must use some geothermy tran smissi on patter n, forin sta nee lin ear water source law (In gersoll and Plass1948; Moge nsen 1983)orcyli ndrical water source law (Carslaw and Jaeger1947).I nterest ing is they also hasthe opposite use - - to determ ine its hot n ature by the ground performa nee, but isnot determ ines its performa nee by the gro und hot n