英語(yǔ)完成時(shí)的用法

1、 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞have (has) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 注：注：has 用于第三人稱單數(shù)，用于第三人稱單數(shù)，have 用于其他所有用于其他所有 人稱。人稱。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) （1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì) 現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間 副詞副詞 just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等狀語(yǔ)連用。等狀語(yǔ)連用。 例如：例如： I have never heard of that before. Have

2、 you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my science book. 2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下 去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。可以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎緩倪^(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包 括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 如：

3、如：for和和since，以及，以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等等 一段時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法有兩種一段時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法有兩種: for: +一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間 for a year for two weeks for three years Since 過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻, since nine since last week 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 since you came since you got home. 注意注意:for 和和since 所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都表示一段時(shí)間所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都表

4、示一段時(shí)間. He has been away since last week. He has been away for one week. 對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)都用對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)都用 How long have / has been (to) 表示表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)曾經(jīng)去過(guò)”某地，說(shuō)某地，說(shuō) 話時(shí)此人很可能不在那里，已經(jīng)回來(lái)。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。話時(shí)此人很可能不在那里，已經(jīng)回來(lái)。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。 have / has gone (to) 表示某人表示某人“已經(jīng)去了已經(jīng)去了”某地，某地， 說(shuō)話時(shí)此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在這里。說(shuō)話時(shí)此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在這里。 He has been to B

5、eijing. 他曾去過(guò)北京。他曾去過(guò)北京。 （人已回來(lái)，可能在這兒）（人已回來(lái)，可能在這兒） He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去了北京。他已經(jīng)去了北京。 （人已走，不在這兒）。（人已走，不在這兒）。 1.我們買這本書(shū)三年了我們買這本書(shū)三年了. We have had the book for three years. 2.他感冒三天了他感冒三天了. He has had a cold for three days. We bought the book three years ago. He caught a cold three days ago. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在

6、完一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完 成時(shí)態(tài)可以構(gòu)成同意句成時(shí)態(tài)可以構(gòu)成同意句 結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)但是他可以轉(zhuǎn) 換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞. 1.直接用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞直接用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 buy catch(get) a cold borrow Come/go /become put on- 2.轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞名詞 join the army Join the Party go to school Have have a coldkeep bewear be a soldier be a Party member

7、be a student 3轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞形容詞或副詞 die finish begin leavebe away fall sleep be asleep close be closed be deadbe overbe on 4.轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ) go to school be in school join the army be in the army 3.上星期我借了這本書(shū)上星期我借了這本書(shū) I have kept the book since last week. 4.我成為一個(gè)學(xué)生兩年多了我成為一個(gè)學(xué)生兩年多了. I have been a st

8、udent for over two years. I borrowed the book last week. I became a student two years ago. 5.Mr Black死了三年了。死了三年了。 Mr Black has been dead for three years. Mr Black died three years ago. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí) 1. She cleaned the room. 2. She locked the door. now cleaned the roomlocked the door By the time she loc

9、ked the door, she had cleaned the room. I got outsidethe bus left 1. The bus left. 2. I got outside. By the time I got outside, the bus had left . now 2. He played ping pong 1. He finished his homework now played ping pong finished his homework By the time he played ping pong, he had finished his ho

10、mework Discussion: 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí) 1.The structure of the Past perfect tense:（結(jié)構(gòu)）（結(jié)構(gòu)） 2.The definition of the Past perfect tense: （定義）（定義） had + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 (p.p.) 定義：定義： 表示在過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已表示在過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已 經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。即：經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。即：過(guò)去的過(guò)去的 過(guò)去。過(guò)去。 1.在老師進(jìn)入教室前在老師進(jìn)入教室前, 李磊擦了黑李磊擦了黑 板板. LiLei _ (clean) the bla

11、ckboard by the time the teacher came into the classroom. had cleaned 2. 當(dāng)我們到那兒時(shí)火車已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。當(dāng)我們到那兒時(shí)火車已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。 The train _ (leave) when we arrived there. had left 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成： 1. Youve never seen such a wonderful film before, _? A havent you B have you C do you D dont you 2. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _ her p

12、arents. 3. I have watched the game. -When _ you _ it? A have watched B do watch C did watch D will watch 4. Mr. Green _ in China since five years ago. A lived B has lived C lives D is going to live 5. His grandma _ for two years. A died B has been dead C was dead D has died 6. Where is Han Mei now?

13、- She _ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days. A has gone B has been C goes D had gone 7. -_ to the United Stated ? - No, never,but I went to Canada a few years ago 8. You havent changed your mind,_? A do you B are you C have you D did you 9. How long have you _ the football team of the school? A been on B been at C joined D played 10. -Where have you _ these days? - I have _ to Dazhu with my friends. A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone 11. How long have you _ this book? A bought B