試論企業(yè)精神文化的差異（On the difference of the spirit of enterprise culture）

1、試論企業(yè)精神文化的差異（On the difference of the spirit of enterprise culture）A country or region of the organizational culture is based on the traditional ethnic cultures, and its geographical environment, economic and social development level of contact, and different countries and regions have different char

2、acteristics of organizational culture. According to the main source of enterprise culture, we can find that different countries and nationalities have different culture, the different cultural difference of enterprise culture, because enterprise culture is a kind of organizational culture, from the

3、broad cultural perspective is a kind of sub culture, culture is the essence of the main decisive sub culture. Any kind of organizational culture including corporate culture, has its advantages and disadvantages, we should learn from each other, learn from each other. In the trend of global economic

4、integration, enterprises management internationalization, enterprise culture builders should know, the main characteristics of different countries and regions known as enterprise culture, insight into the production and management concept and organizational behavior characteristics of different geog

5、raphical background, collect and storage, and based on the establishment of their own each other with a strong vitality and great the radiation force of enterprise culture. This is not only the basic requirements of enterprises engaged in international business, is a magic weapon for enterprise surv

6、ival and high strength in the competitive environment for the development of the. 1 is influenced by the national culture of enterprise culture based on, we first compare the difference of the level of the spirit of enterprise culture.A comparison, values, view of human natureThe value orientation o

7、f American enterprises is to maximize profit, how much profit is the only measure of the value of enterprise behavior, the pursuit of profit maximization is the ultimate goal of enterprise. The enterprise is the independent economic organization, all the activities of the organization can be attribu

8、ted to economic activity, so the ultimate goal of the activities of the organization is striving for economic benefits, the pursuit of profit maximization. Enterprise profit not only determines the future and destiny of the enterprise, but also determines the enterprise and the entrepreneur image an

9、d status in the society. Not only that, American enterprises have a quick excessive pursuit of short-term profits of the enterprise culture. The enterprise culture in addition to logically determined by the capitalist relations of production, but also with the investors and the public about the eval

10、uation model of enterprise and operators. Japanese enterprises pursue the combination of economic and social benefits. Japanese companies focus on the family values, humanity, harmony and order, collective dedication etc. The original Japanese Shinto religion, national consciousness is the core of t

11、his religion, devotion to our country is offering to God, this combination of Confucian loyalty, filial piety and Buddhist ascetic consciousness, formed the Japanese samurai spirit, namely, loyalty, dedication, without my consciousness, taking this as the prosperity of the country and prosperity, co

12、mmon Japanese enterprise warrior spirit is the fundamental pillar of Japanese corporate culture. Chinese enterprises in the pursuit of economic interests, but also focus on the relationship between the government and many enterprises to handle the relationship with the government is more important t

13、han to improve enterprise management and market operation, Chinese in the long feudal rule, the official standard consciousness, ideological roots of unity, the new China after the establishment of long-term planned economy, cause the dependence on government and political attention. European enterp

14、rises emphasize the quality and economic profit,Pay attention to the inherent quality of the development of enterprises. The spirit of enterprise culture and the western humanism color is thick, the main spirit comes from Christianity, the Christian belief that God exists, on this basis, Western Eur

15、opean countries generally emphasize enterprise workers mutual love and harmonious labor relations, and in the process of the construction of enterprise culture, paying attention to the cultivation of the sense of pride and a sense of ownership.From the view of human nature, the enterprise basically

16、still will be managers as economic man, who is sly, lazy, selfish and rentier. In employment, is still a contract relationship, a contract doctrine, the traditional business management in the United States do not care about the employees, lack of trust between employers and employees, treat people t

17、end to maintain a certain distance. Most of us business executives, into the mood, they worry about large-scale layoffs, wage disparities, will cause the employee dissatisfaction caused by corporate turmoil. In daily work, do not attach importance to interpersonal relationship. The influence of the

18、Protestant ethic, the Americans and the enterprises pay more attention to the realization of personal value, so as to realize the individual value as the goal, give full play to the individual imagination, ingenuity and creativity, to promote individual collective. Japanese corporate culture is esta

19、blished on the basis of traditional ethics in the east of the. In samurai spirit, especially the Japanese enterprise integrity, so that employees to form a harmonious collective appeal in the collective, to maximize the effectiveness of the organization. Japanese companies believe in good nature com

20、bined with the family, lifetime employment, some companies in Japan the content of enterprise culture is very extensive, the center is to respect people, people believe, acknowledge their contribution to cultivate the modern psychological staff, stimulate the initiative and creativity of employees.

21、Wind and social training, President creed and so on is the main form of Japanese corporate culture. China enterprises in dealing with human nature, believe that human nature is complex, theory of virtue and evil coexist, overall, in the old Chinese enterprise is not developed, in the history of the

22、development of modern industry and commerce, basically is the nature of virtue as the mainstream, moral education, advocate loyalty thick road. After the new China was established, mainly state-owned enterprises as the mainstream, believe that the working class, give full play to the initiative and

23、creativity of the majority of the working class, the workers as the owner of the enterprise, also showed the socialist enterprises focus on people and the idea of people-oriented. Europeans believe in God, and God benevolence commands issued to the world, let the world love each other, so the equali

24、ty between people, is clearly reflected in the corporate culture, the specific performance of the implementation of employee participation system and Gao Fuli system.Two, management philosophyDrive material interests is the first impetus to American companies, is also the most basic business philoso

25、phy. Ford Motor Co announced that from 1914 doubled wages and execute 8 hours of work time, interest has been the focus of labor disputes. In mid 50s, a new system, that is the system of employee stock ownership. This system, to some extent alleviate the conflict of interests between employers and e

26、mployees. ESOP is through the legislation form part of corporate profits into shares, at present,The United States has 25 federal legislation to establish the general principle and the operation form of ESOP, so that the 15000 companies of 12 million employees become the legitimate holder of shares

27、of the company. The American enterprise culture management in Japan, to some extent, the United States has long paid much attention to short-term interests, reflecting too much trust in mathematical analysis and make money first business philosophy. The enterprise culture management, is to learn the

28、 results of Japanese corporate culture, corporate culture and the western culture with the typical color, utilitarian philosophy is very obvious.The Japanese enterprise culture and management philosophy. And is the spiritual core of Japanese enterprises, lifetime employment system and the seniority

29、wage system is the basic system structure of Japanese enterprises, enterprises of trade unions is the organization guarantee. And is a Japanese enterprise management was applied to the category of philosophical concepts and behavior guidelines, its main connotation is love, kindness, harmony, cooper

30、ation, unity, cooperation, tolerance, it is the Japanese enterprises to become the high performance team spirit and leading link, and the spirit of the original from the Confucian ethics China, but due to Japan, in the history of the development of the difference, in which the two sides of the Confu

31、cian ethics is different, in Chinese, Confucian ethics emphasizes the benevolence, righteousness and ritual, while the Japanese emphasis is and and trust, honesty etc. the concept of Japanese attaches great importance to interpersonal relationships, and in relationships that emphasizes three aspects

32、, namely focus on cooperation with others in the common activities in pursuit of harmony; and others; time conscious about His bundle. The concept of and control and guide the Japanese business philosophy to a great extent. Japans core business is the idea of and, through coordination, implementatio

33、n and management of harmonic, the origin of Kong Mengs Confucian philosophy is the theoretical basis of the guiding ideology, management mode and management system, a countrys management philosophy with the national culture, national character is closely related to the Japanese people and the other.

34、 The national character has more internal harmony than they thought, thinking method is a method for the harmonic, they are not used for any problem of affirmation or absolute negation and absolute, such as if Americans think it is not white, it is inevitable to push on the black and gray Japanese a

35、re acceptable. The Japanese language is subtle and ambiguous, full of harmonic color, often avoid bluntly replies and certainly love and use a double negative attribute, the tone becomes relaxed, such as: can do, can not do not say. Even in opposition to each other advice, also must first love each

36、others opinions, to respect each others self-esteem, it is said that in Japanese there are nineteen ways to say no, Chinese smooth is a derogatory language, while the Japanese smooth said is good at smooth and harmonious interpersonal relations, become commendatory terms. The Japanese national recon

37、ciliation reflect formed in the operation philosophy and the way of thinking and management philosophy.Business philosophy China enterprises, affected by the traditional planned economy and society, politics and economy combine closely and the strong sense of political philosophy in the enterprise p

38、erformance significantly. China is a socialist country,Practice is based on public ownership as the main body, the coexistence of multiple economic elements of economic system, therefore, the political culture has always been dominant in the social and cultural life and culture. Chinas enterprise cu

39、lture construction throughout, is not difficult to find that in each period of Chinese enterprise culture contain reflect the political situation and social demand at that time a large number of political content, combined with the political and economic culture will undoubtedly have a positive role

40、 in the specific historical period. But the problem is obvious, such as government and lead to difficult, easy to make the enterprise lose the original should have as many attributes of independent economic entities, the lack of economic vitality. The enterprise production activities are often influ

41、enced by political movement and intervention, people are accustomed to the production activities and the construction of enterprise culture to mobilize the masses and political movement in the form of. At the same time, the status of Ideological and political work in the enterprise management of the

42、 important role of great. 1 from the national traditional culture and philosophy, deep Confucianism and Taoism philosophy, after the reform and opening up, the enterprise market competition is more and more obvious, the introduction of business philosophy, on the one hand, inherited the traditional

43、competition China Philosophy (Philosophy of war, such as the Sun Zibing method), on the other hand under the influence of western philosophy of competition large.Business philosophy of European companies, mainly for the pursuit of excellence, the pursuit of self realization of the value of western h

44、umanism is embodied in this spirit, it emphasizes that human is the center of the universe, everything around prepared for me. People should not be dismissed, but should pursue their own value and happiness. In this form the independent personality on the basis of Western society, is the social cont

45、ract, the formation of patriarchal ethics, hierarchical relationship between people, but on the basis of equality of contract. 2 when the needs of social development to the contract relationship in a legal form specification down, western society has formed a legal society. It is the performance man

46、agement in the management of standardized management, with particular emphasis on establishing rules and regulations, strictly according to the rules, the pursuit of system efficiency, thus realize the orderly and effective management. The Western Scientism logic thinking character, decided to rely

47、on laws and regulations to manage, it is the basic requirement of scientism thinking characteristics, five principles of scientism is: accurate, quantitative, decomposition, logic and norms, it is the law as the core of the management philosophy, reflects the management principle of scientism and re

48、quirements for application in enterprise culture and embodiment. Such as the German corporate culture is influenced by the national culture, western culture, humanism spirit inevitably reflected in the German corporate culture. German companies in strict management system, creating a high-quality st

49、aff, thus ensuring the quality of the world famous german. However, after all rely on people to ensure the quality of corporate culture in Germany, another feature is the people-oriented, so people on the philosophy and the philosophy of quality makes it a symbol of high quality and high quality emp

50、loyees.Comparison between three, individual and collectiveIndividualism is the core of the corporate culture. American business advocacy staff personal struggle and competition to win.Because the manager is a social occupation, can flow freely; employees can freely flow in an enterprise, a special e

51、nterprise culture mode is sometimes difficult to settle down, the formation of a unique concept. Emphasizing the individual value and dignity should be respected, everyone has the right to freely choose their own way of life, others shall not interfere with the control, emphasizes the self independe

52、nt of these concepts is the heart. Therefore, relatively speaking, the lack of stability of enterprise culture. American corporate culture advocating heroism, that it is a symbol of corporate culture. In the enterprise culture strong enterprises, the legendary hero is a huge role. Of course, the her

53、oism, is actually a kind of individualism. The American enterprise emphasizes the value of the individual, through personal record in promoting the overall development of the enterprise, can be said that personal innovation is the core of the enterprise culture and spirit. American companies encoura

54、ge employees to free competition, in this atmosphere, can from Tongren in talent shows itself is the largest employee wish, but the leader also appreciates this most people rise above the common herd. An important standard to measure the employees of the U.S. enterprise is due to the sense of innova

55、tion, deepen the internal competition, encourage employees than the school, rush, super, so that enterprises in the external competition has a strong strength, this is the enterprise encourage individual initiative achievements. The United States attaches great importance to corporate culture is rel

56、atively rational, emotional neglect, this is a highly legal country has relations with the United states. Therefore, even if the enterprise culture, but in the enterprise, still puts emphasis on rules and regulations, take the contract management. The relationship between colleagues is solely for th

57、e benefit of a competitive relationship, labor cooperation, rarely talk about emotional factors into work, people like to enter the factory into the stadium as. Enterprises and employees is a contractual relationship between the employees and employers in a state of confrontation, employees in the e

58、nterprise rapid promotion and rapid flow, people learn not to depend on others is not to work with others in consultation. Between employers and employees do not trust each other, employers in work time for electronic equipment to monitor his employees, with an estimated twenty million workers under

59、 surveillance, it triggered a series of contradictions. The frequency of flow is particularly high, enterprises often appear to fill a vacancy rate of 50% or even 90% employees, 6% annual turnover from 8%, the vacancy rate is 4, 8 times that of japan.The core of Japanese enterprise culture is the collective consciousness, collectivism. In group consciousness, historical conditions, the unique geographical location and natural conditions. Islan