全國職稱英語考試必過秘籍

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx全國職稱英語考試必過秘籍【精品文檔】 全國職稱英語考試必過秘籍（免背單詞40 Teaching Math, Teaching AnxietyIn a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at the University of Chicagol1 Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and

2、 what female students learn:If a female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills, then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers2 in later grades, it may create a snowball effect on their m

3、ath achievement3 said Levine. In other words,girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers4. The study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys are better at math than girls are,then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident.Just as st

4、udents find certain subjects to be difficult, teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn - and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone.Researchers use the word anxiety to describe such feelings: anxiety is uneasiness or worry.The new study found that wh

5、en a teacher has anxiety about math, that feeling can influence how her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls,52 boys and 17 first- and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school y

6、ear, and the researchers compared the scores.The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teachers:To find out which teachers were anxious about math,the researchers asked the teachers how

7、 they felt at times when they came across math, such as when reading a sales receipt5. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt, for example,was probably anxious about math.Boys,on average,were unaffected by a teachers anxiety. On average,girls with math-anxiousteachers sc

8、ored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study did.Plus,on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy,20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math - and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety.

9、This is an interesting study,but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger sample6, said David Geary,a psychologist at the University of Missouri7 in Columbia.詞匯：snowball /sn?ub?:l/雪球；滾雪球式增長的事 replication/replikei?n/ n 重復(fù)，復(fù)現(xiàn)superstar/sju:p?sta:/ n超級明星

10、練習(xí)：1. University of Chicago：芝加哥大學(xué)。位于美國伊利諾伊州芝加哥市，是世界一流的私立大學(xué)，創(chuàng)建于1891 年。2. keep getting math-anxious female teachers：一直由對數(shù)學(xué)有焦慮感的女教師教授數(shù)學(xué)。此處getting是having的意思，math-anxious指的是上文中提到的對數(shù)學(xué)沒有自信的心理狀態(tài)。另見第三段最后一句對anxiety的解釋。3. snowball effect on their math achievement：在數(shù)學(xué)成就上的雪球效應(yīng)。其含義是：在數(shù)學(xué)上越來越?jīng)]有信心。4. end up learning

11、 math anxiety from their teachers：最后從老師那里獲得的是對數(shù)學(xué)的焦慮。End up doing something：最終會做某事5. sales receipt：銷售清單6. in need of replication with a larger sample：需要用更大的調(diào)查樣本進(jìn)行重復(fù)驗(yàn)證。replication在量化實(shí)證研究中的意思是“重復(fù)（實(shí)驗(yàn)）”。7. the University of Missouri：密蘇里大學(xué)。位于密蘇里州，是美國一所公立研究型大學(xué)，創(chuàng)建于1839年。練習(xí)：1. What is the result of the resea

12、rch at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph?A Girls comfortable with their own math skills are better than boys at math.B Girls uncomfortable with their own math skills are not as good as boys at math.C Female teachers math skills have influence over girl students math skills.D

13、 Female teachers confidence in their math skills is related to girls math skills.2. What is implied in the third paragraph?A Math teachers,like math learners,do not like the subject due to its difficulty.B A difficult subject like math may affect teachers confidence in teaching the subject.C Teacher

14、s are more anxious teaching math than their students learning math.D Math is so difficult that no teachers like to teach it.3. According to the experiment,those teachers were probably anxious about math when they feltA nervous memorizing the numbers of a sales receipt.B helpless saving the numbers o

15、f a sales receipt.C uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.D hopeless filling in the numbers of a sales report.4. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findingsA prove a strong link between female teachers math anxiety and their female students math achievements.B show that male stud

16、ents are less likely to be affected by their math anxiety than female students.C provide strong evidence that math superstars are more likely to be males than females.D discover a strong link between teachers math anxiety and their students math achievements.5. David Geary thinks thatA the study is

17、interesting but it is based on unreliable research process.B the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.C the research results need to be reinterpreted to be meaningful.D the study is well based and produces significant results.答案與題解：1.D 該段告訴我們女教師的想法（what female teachers think

18、）和女學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)（what femalestudents learn）之間有很大的關(guān)聯(lián)度，也就是說，女教師如果對自己的數(shù)學(xué)技能沒有自信，她的女學(xué)生很可能相信男孩子會在數(shù)學(xué)方面超過女孩子。2.B 第三段的大意是，數(shù)學(xué)對任何人來說都可能有難度（The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone)，如同學(xué)生，教師也會覺得數(shù)學(xué)難學(xué)和難教，這就是研究者所言的焦慮。所以，可以推斷，作者是要告訴我們，教師會因?yàn)閿?shù)學(xué)這門學(xué)科的難度而對教授該課程不自信。其他選項(xiàng)都不是該段所要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。3.C 第五段第三句“To find out whi

19、ch teachers were anxious about math, the researchers askedthe teachers how they felt at times when they came across math,such as when reading a salesreceipt”指出了答案。memorizing the numbers；意為“記住數(shù)字”；saving the numbers意為“保存數(shù)字”；filling in the numbers意為“陸續(xù)編入數(shù)字”，而且文中沒有提到a sales report；它們均不是答案。4.A 短文的第六段是對前一

20、段所述調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果的討論，即，男學(xué)生較少受對數(shù)學(xué)有焦慮感的教師影響，而那些數(shù)學(xué)成績較低的女生都有對數(shù)學(xué)有焦慮感的教師（girls with math-anxiousteachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests)，而且，所有認(rèn)為男生數(shù)學(xué)肯定比女生強(qiáng)的女生，其數(shù)學(xué)教師都是有數(shù)學(xué)焦慮感的女教師（all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety. )。D所以不是正確的選擇，因?yàn)橹惶岬絫eachers 和students,而不是female

21、 teachers 和female students。5. B 根據(jù)David Geary的說法，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果還是初步的（preliminary)，需要更大的樣本對其進(jìn)行重復(fù)驗(yàn)證（in need of replication with a larger sample)。他沒有認(rèn)為該實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程不可靠，所以A不是正確選項(xiàng)；他認(rèn)為實(shí)驗(yàn)樣本不夠大，所以D也不是正確選項(xiàng)。第三十四篇 Batteries Built by VirusesWhat do chicken pox, the common cold, the flu, and AIDS have in common? Theyre all disea

22、se caused by viruses, tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. Its no wonder1 that when most people think about viruses, finding ways to steer clear of2 viruses is whats on peoples minds.Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers, though3. In Cambridge, Massachusetts4, scientis

23、ts have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work, teaching them to build some of the worlds smallest rechargeable batteries.Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair, but theyre not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher, who first cam

24、e up with5 the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways. In the case of the virus-built batteries, the scientists combine what they know about biology, technology and production techniques.B

25、elchers team includes Paula Hammond, who helps put together the tiny batteries, and Yet- Ming Chiang, an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery. Were working on things we traditionally dont associate with nature, says Hammond.Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A, C

26、 and D batteries6 in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However, every year, new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink, ordinary batteries wont be small enough to fit

27、inside.The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now, Belchers model battery, a metallic disk completely built by viruses, looks like a regular watch battery. But inside, its components are very small so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.How small are

28、 these battery parts? To get some idea of the size, pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is pretty thin, right? Although the width of each persons hair is a bit different, you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built batte

29、ry parts, side to side, across one hair. These microbatteries may change the way we look at viruses.練習(xí)：1. According to the first paragraph, people try toA. kill microorganisms related to chicken pox, the flu, etc.B. keep themselves away from viruses because they are invisible.C. stay away from virus

30、es because they are causes of various diseases.D. cure themselves of virus-related diseases by taking medicines.2. What is Belchers team doing at present?A. It is finding ways to get rid of viruses.B. It is mass-producing microbatteries.C. It is making batteries with viruses.D. It is analyzing virus

31、 genes.3. What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word shrink appearing in paragraph 5?A. Broaden.B. Spread.C. Extend.D. Expand.4. Which of the following is true of Belchers battery mentioned in paragraph 6?A. It is made of metal.B. It is a kind of watch battery.C. It can only be seen wi

32、th a microscope.D. It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.5. How tiny is one battery part?A. Its width is one tenth of a hair.B. It equals the width of a hair.C. It is as thin as a piece of paper.D. Its width is too tiny to measure.第三十四篇 病毒電池水痘、普通感冒、流感和艾滋病有哪些相似之處呢?這些都是由病毒引起的疾病。病毒是能夠在人與人之間傳染的微生

33、物。難怪大部分人一提到病毒，首先想到的是如何躲避病毒。然而， 并不是每個人都躲避這些病毒攜帶者。在馬薩諸塞州劍橋市，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)有些病毒能起到非同尋常的作用。他們使病毒開始工作，使病毒構(gòu)成世界上最小的充電電池。病毒和電池的搭檔似乎并不常見，但這對于工程師安吉拉貝爾徹來說卻并不陌生。安吉拉貝爾徹最早產(chǎn)生了這一想法。在位于劍橋市的麻省理工學(xué)院，她和合作者一起用新方式融合了不同的科學(xué)領(lǐng)域。在由病毒構(gòu)成的電池里，科學(xué)家融合了他們在生物、技術(shù)和生產(chǎn)工藝方面的知識。貝爾徹的團(tuán)隊包括幫助組裝微型電池的寶拉哈蒙德和以電池形式存儲能量的專家蔣業(yè)明。哈蒙德說，“我們現(xiàn)在從事的行業(yè)是傳統(tǒng)中不會想到的。”許多電池已經(jīng)很

34、小了。A型、C型和D型電池都可以握在手里。硬幣形狀的手表電池通常比分幣還小。然而，個人音樂播放器和手機(jī)等新型電子設(shè)備變得越來越小。這些設(shè)備變小了，普通電池就無法安裝進(jìn)去了。理想的電池應(yīng)當(dāng)體積小、儲能多。 ，貝爾徹的電池模型是完全由病毒構(gòu)成的金屬圓盤，看起來就像普通手表電池。但里面的部件卻非常小小到用高倍望遠(yuǎn)鏡才能看到。這些電池部件到底有多小呢?從頭上拔一根頭發(fā)，把它放到白紙上，看看頭發(fā)的寬度是不是很細(xì)呢?盡管每個人的頭發(fā)寬度不同，每個頭發(fā)上可以并列排放大約10個病毒電池部件。這些為電池能會改變我們對病毒的看法。1. according to the first paragraph, peopl

35、e try toa. kill microorganisms related to chicken pox, the flu, etc.b. keep themselves away from viruses because they are invisible.c. stay away from viruses because they are cause s of various diseases.d. cure themselves of virus-related diseases by taking medicines.2. what is belchers team doing a

36、t present?a. it is finding ways to get rid of viruses.b. it is mass-producing micro batteries.c.it is making batteries with viruses.d. it is analyzing virus genes.3. what expression below is opposite in meaning to the word “shrink” appearing in paragraph 5?a. broaden.b. spread.c. extend.d. expand.4.

37、 which of the following is true of belchers battery mentioned in paragraph 6?a. it is made of metal.b. it is a kind of watch batter.c. it can only be seen with a microscope.d. it is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.5. how tiny is one battery part?a. its width is one tenth of a hair.b. it equal

38、s the width of a hair.c. it is as thin as a piece of paper.d. its width is too tiny to measure.答案與解析：1. c短文第一段的大致意思是：許多疾病都由病毒引起，諸如水痘、感冒和艾滋病，所以人們想盡辦法躲避病毒。這是c所表達(dá)的意思。a不是正確答案，因?yàn)槲恼虏]有說人們想方設(shè)法去殺死病毒。b的后半句的內(nèi)容和d的內(nèi)容文章沒有提到。2. c短文的第二段明確提供了答案。3. d根據(jù)上下文，shrink的意思是收縮即縮小。所以她的反義詞是expand增大、擴(kuò)張。4. d第六段所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容正是選項(xiàng)d的意思。5.

39、a短文最后一段的第四句you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts, side to side, across one hair提供了本題的答案。12 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart RiskFast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of 1 so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food,

40、researchers at Imperial College London 2 in a new studyStatins reduce the 3 of unhealthy LDL cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a persons heart attack 4 .In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and

41、colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is 5 to offset the increase in heart attack risk from 6 a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshakeDr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said

42、:Statins dont cut out a11 of the 7 effects of cheeseburgers and French friesIts better to avoid fatty food altogetherBut weve worked out that in terms of your 8 of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same 9 as a fast food meal increases it. Its ironic that

43、 people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they 10 , but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are l 1 free of chargeIt would cost

44、 less than 5 pence per 1 2 一not much different to a sachet of sugar. Dr Francis saidWhen people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, theyre encouraged to take 13 that lower their risk, 1ike 14 a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of 1 5 som

45、e of the risks of eating a fatty meal詞匯：statin n降膽固醇藥物outlet n銷售點(diǎn)cholesterol n膽固醇o(jì)ffset V. 抵消，補(bǔ)償cheeseburger n芝士漢堡包milkshake n奶昔condiment n 調(diào)味品sachet n小袋，小包rational adj合理的注釋：1. Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs: 句中的could 是一種委婉表達(dá)建議的用詞，意為可以。2. Imperial College London: 帝國理工學(xué)院。該學(xué)院于1907 年由城市和行

46、會學(xué)校、皇家礦業(yè)學(xué)校以及皇家科學(xué)學(xué)院合并組成。學(xué)院于2007 年7月正式脫離倫敦大學(xué)成為一所獨(dú)立大學(xué)。提供本科和研究生教育，共有四個學(xué)院，工程學(xué)院、醫(yī)學(xué)院、自然科學(xué)院和生命科學(xué)院3. LDL cholesterol: 低密度脂蛋白膽固醇。LDL是low density lipoprotein（低密度脂蛋白）的縮寫形式。4. a wealth of trial data: 大量的試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)。a wealth of意為大量的，許多。5. American Journal of Cardiology: 美國心臟病學(xué)雜志6. French fries:炸薯?xiàng)l7.It makes sense.: make

47、 sense 意為說得通，合情合理。8. a sachet of sugar: 一小袋糖?？觳偷暌话銈溆写?，供飲咖啡或熱奶的顧客免費(fèi)取用。練習(xí)：1A change B charge C chain D chance2A trust B decide C suggest D calculate3A number B amount C volume D product4A frequency B treatment C diagnosis D risk5A severe B enough C weak D active6A buying B preparing C eating D cooking7A unhealthy B strong C different D doubtful8A examination B suffering C determination D possibility9A degree B dimension C angle D range10A use B hate C reject D like11A transported B provided C preserved D convened12A cook B patient C customer D visitor1 3A measures B care C advantages D tur