中國環(huán)境法制建設(shè)對環(huán)保投資和環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響中英文對照

1、 中國環(huán)境法制建設(shè)對環(huán)保投資和環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響中英文對照influence of environmental legal system construction in china for investment in environmental protection and environmental protection industry in chinese and english. 內(nèi)容提要: 本文回顧了我國30年來環(huán)境與資源法制建設(shè)的歷程，從通過法律確立市場信心和直接引導(dǎo)資金進(jìn)入環(huán)保領(lǐng)域等兩個(gè)方面分析了環(huán)境與資源法制建設(shè)對環(huán)保投資和環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的影響，并指出了當(dāng)前我國環(huán)境與資源保護(hù)法律在引

2、導(dǎo)環(huán)保投資、促進(jìn)環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展方面的不足及其根源。在此基礎(chǔ)上，從立法目標(biāo)、立法框架、法律制度和法律實(shí)施機(jī)制等四個(gè)方面提出了今后我國環(huán)保立法的目標(biāo)與方向。abstract: this paper reviews the history of legal system construction of chinas environment and resources for 30 years, from the establishment of market confidence through legal and direct funds to enter the field of environm

3、ental protection, two aspects of the effect of legal system construction of environment and resources to environmental protection investment and the development of environmental protection industry, and points out that the current chinas environment and resources protection law under the guidance of

4、 environmental protection investment, promote the development of environmental protection industry and its deficiency causes. on this basis, puts forward the goal and direction of chinas environmental protection legislation in the future from the four aspects of the legislative goal, the legislative

5、 framework, legal system and law enforcement mechanism.從各國環(huán)境保護(hù)的實(shí)際歷程來看，同一般的社會(huì)投資和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展不同，環(huán)保投資和環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)是隨環(huán)境與資源保護(hù)法律及相關(guān)政策措施的制定和實(shí)施所“引導(dǎo)”或者“轉(zhuǎn)化”出來的。探討環(huán)境與資源保護(hù)法律同環(huán)保投資和環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)的關(guān)系，對于進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)我國生態(tài)環(huán)保工作，實(shí)現(xiàn)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快發(fā)展，有重大的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。from the practical experience of the environmental protection point of view, different from the ge

6、neral social investment and industrial development, investment in environmental protection and environmental protection industry is the formulation and implementation of the environment and resources protection law and related policies and measures of the guide or transformation . discussion on envi

7、ronmental and resources protection legal relationship with the investment in environmental protection and environmental protection industry, to further strengthen our environmental protection work, to achieve sound and fast economic development, have great theory meaning and realistic meaning.一、中國環(huán)境

8、法制建設(shè)基本情況the basic situation of china, the construction of environmental legal system經(jīng)過30年的發(fā)展，我國的環(huán)境法治工作取得了重大的進(jìn)展。我們以科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為指導(dǎo)，堅(jiān)持以人為本，將資源節(jié)約與環(huán)境保護(hù)確立為基本國策，努力建設(shè)資源節(jié)約和環(huán)境友好型社會(huì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。環(huán)境與資源保護(hù)法律從無到有，從少到多，逐步建立起了一個(gè)由憲法中的環(huán)境與資源保護(hù)條款、法律、行政法規(guī)、部門規(guī)章、地方性法規(guī)和規(guī)章、國際公約和條約以及配套的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等所構(gòu)成的比較完整的框架體系。到目前為止，全國人大常委會(huì)已經(jīng)制定了25部有關(guān)環(huán)境與資源保護(hù)

9、的法律。國務(wù)院及其有關(guān)部門制定的環(huán)境與資源保護(hù)的行政法規(guī)和規(guī)章已達(dá)上百件。各地人大和政府制定的地方性環(huán)境與資源法規(guī)和地方政府規(guī)章達(dá)1500多件。我國批準(zhǔn)和簽署的多邊國際環(huán)境條約48項(xiàng)。after 30 years of development, environmental law in china has made great progress. we are guided by the scientific outlook on development, adhere to the people-oriented, resource conservation and environmenta

10、l protection will be established as the basic national policy, strive to build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, realize the comprehensive coordinated sustainable development. environmental law and resource protection from scratch, from less to more, and gradually establish a frame

11、work of relatively complete form a resource conservation and environmental protection clause in the constitution, laws, administrative regulations, departmental regulations, local laws and regulations, international conventions and treaties as well as supporting the standard. so far, the npc standin

12、g committee have formulated relevant environmental and resources protection of the 25 laws. the administrative regulations and rules of the protection of the environment and resources to develop the state council and the relevant departments have reached hundreds. throughout the development of natio

13、nal peoples congress and the government of the local environmental and resources laws and regulations and local government regulations more than 1500 pieces. china approved and signed 48 multilateral international environmental treaties.從環(huán)境與資源保護(hù)的整個(gè)過程來看，從規(guī)劃、項(xiàng)目決策到污染物最終處置的整個(gè)過程來看，在各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都形成了一些重要法律制度。如在規(guī)劃和

14、計(jì)劃環(huán)節(jié)，形成了規(guī)劃的環(huán)境影響評價(jià)制度和環(huán)境保護(hù)規(guī)劃、計(jì)劃制度；在建設(shè)項(xiàng)目環(huán)節(jié)，形成了建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的環(huán)境影響評價(jià)制度和“三同時(shí)”1制度；在生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營和污染治理環(huán)節(jié)，形成了排污申報(bào)登記制度、排污總量控制制度、排污許可證制度、排污收費(fèi)制度、限期治理制度等。近年來，在清潔生產(chǎn)和循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)理念的影響下，環(huán)境與資源保護(hù)立法有了新的變化，調(diào)整生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)，從源頭防治污染成為立法的重要方向。隨著清潔生產(chǎn)促進(jìn)法等法律的頒布實(shí)施，有關(guān)清潔生產(chǎn)審計(jì)、環(huán)境管理認(rèn)證、環(huán)境標(biāo)志等制度也逐步得到實(shí)施。隨著可再生能源法和新的節(jié)能法的頒布實(shí)施，鼓勵(lì)清潔能源利用和節(jié)約能源的一系列新制度得到實(shí)施。from the point o

15、f view of the whole process of environmental and resource protection, the whole process of final disposal from planning, project decision-making to pollutants, in all aspects of the formation of a number of important legal system. such as in the planning and scheduling, formed the system of environm

16、ental impact assessment and environmental protection planning, plan system planning; construction projects in the link, formed a construction project environmental impact assessment system and the three simultaneous 1 system; in the production, management and pollution control link, formed the decla

17、ration and registration system, the total amount of emissions control system, sewage discharge permit system, charging system, deadline governance system of sewage. in recent years, the impact of cleaner production and circular economy, environment and resources protection legislation had the new ch

18、ange, adjust the production technology and production structure, has become an important direction from the source of pollution prevention and control legislation. along with the clean production promotion law and other laws promulgated and implemented, the cleaner production audit, environmental ma

19、nagement certification, environmental labeling system also gradually implemented. with the renewable energy law and the new energy saving law was promulgated, to encourage the use of clean energy and energy conservation of a series of new system implementation.二、中國環(huán)境與資源保護(hù)法律對環(huán)保投資和環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的影響two, china

20、environmental and resources protection laws on environmental protection investment and the development of environmental protection industry在近三十年的環(huán)境與資源法制建設(shè)過程中，各項(xiàng)環(huán)境與資源保護(hù)法從兩個(gè)方面引導(dǎo)環(huán)保投資和環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。一方面是通過法律確立市場信心，引導(dǎo)形成環(huán)保市場需求；另一方面是直接引導(dǎo)公共財(cái)政資金和社會(huì)資金進(jìn)入環(huán)保領(lǐng)域。in the construction of legal system on environment and resou

21、rces in recent thirty years, protect environment and resources of the law to guide investment in environmental protection and environmental protection industry development from two aspects. one is to establish the confidence of the market by law, to guide the formation of environmental protection ma

22、rket demand; on the other hand is the direct guidance of public finance funds and social funds to enter the field of environmental protection.在直接引導(dǎo)政府和企業(yè)投資方面，環(huán)境與資源保護(hù)法也在發(fā)揮著重要作用。2000年修訂的大氣污染防治法，曾對修訂草案的預(yù)期效果及需要的投資作了一些初步的估算。從當(dāng)時(shí)修訂內(nèi)容來看，如果在法律公布后，執(zhí)法到位，各項(xiàng)法律規(guī)定切實(shí)得到實(shí)施，預(yù)計(jì)將取得以下四個(gè)方面的成效：主要污染物排放總量在得到控制的基礎(chǔ)上，開始逐年減少；重點(diǎn)城市

23、大氣質(zhì)量明顯改善；機(jī)動(dòng)車排氣污染得到控制土工格柵；城市揚(yáng)塵得到有效控制。實(shí)施有關(guān)法律規(guī)定預(yù)計(jì)所需投資是： 1.總量控制方面：控制酸雨和二氧化硫污染，實(shí)現(xiàn)到2010年使“兩控區(qū)”3內(nèi)二氧化硫排放量控制在1000萬噸左右的目標(biāo)，約需治理投資1800億元，平均每年投入180億元； 2.重點(diǎn)城市污染控制方面：從當(dāng)時(shí)34個(gè)重點(diǎn)城市（扣除達(dá)標(biāo)的13個(gè)城市）來看，可分為三類情況：第一類是沿海開放城市。如福州、汕頭、蘇州、湛江等，這些城市經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)較好，大氣質(zhì)量也較好，實(shí)現(xiàn)大氣質(zhì)量達(dá)標(biāo)不需要更多投入，平均約6億8億元；第二類是特大城市，如北京、上海等，雖然經(jīng)濟(jì)條件好，但治理大氣污染任務(wù)較重，實(shí)現(xiàn)達(dá)標(biāo)需要較大投入

24、，平均在250億300億元左右；第三類是其他城市，如鄭州、杭州、青島、桂林等，實(shí)現(xiàn)達(dá)標(biāo)平均需投入15億20億元。綜上所述，這34個(gè)城市若實(shí)現(xiàn)達(dá)標(biāo)，約需投入1200億1500億元。3.機(jī)動(dòng)車污染控制方面土工布價(jià)格，初步研究表明，如果使機(jī)動(dòng)車污染控制達(dá)到國家新規(guī)定的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所需的控制費(fèi)用約占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的0.3% 0.7%。4.揚(yáng)塵污染控制方面，建筑施工揚(yáng)塵污染的控制遠(yuǎn)比工業(yè)污染治理簡單易行，只要嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行法規(guī)制度，加強(qiáng)管理，不需要多少投入，就能夠取得成效，根據(jù)北京市實(shí)例測算，防止施工揚(yáng)塵費(fèi)用僅占整個(gè)工程概算的0.1% 0.3%。雖然法律實(shí)施后的情況與原來預(yù)計(jì)不盡一致，但有關(guān)法律規(guī)定會(huì)引導(dǎo)大量公共

25、財(cái)政和企業(yè)資金投資環(huán)保投資是確鑿無疑的。近年來修訂的固體廢物污染環(huán)境防治法和水污染防治法雖然未作類似的估算，但其對環(huán)保投資和環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)玻纖土工格柵的實(shí)際影響作用是相近的。in the direct guidance of government and business investment, environment and resources protection law also play an important role. the 2000 amendments to the air pollution prevention law , has the expected effect on

26、 the revised draft and the need of investment made some preliminary estimation. from the time the revision content, if the law after the announcement, law enforcement in place, the provisions of the law to be implemented, is expected to achieve the following four aspects: the effect of the total emi

27、ssions of major pollutants in control, began to decrease year by year; high quality key city obviously; motor vehicle exhaust pollution control dust obtained city; effective control. the implementation of the relevant provisions of the law is the investment required: 1 total control: control of acid

28、 rain and sulfur dioxide pollution, by 2010 the two control zones within the 3 control of sulfur dioxide emissions in 10000000 tons of goals, about control investment 180000000000 yuan, the average annual investment ofyuan; 2 key city pollution control: from 34 was a key city ( 13 city

29、deduction standard ), it can be divided into three categories : the first category is open coastal city. such as fuzhou, shantou, suzhou, zhanjiang city, the economic foundation is good, air quality is better, the atmospheric quality standard does not require more input, an average of about 60000000

30、0 8 billion yuan; second is a large city, such as beijing, shanghai, although the economic conditions are good, but the air pollution of heavy task, achieve standard the need to invest more, on average 25000000000 300 billion yuan; the third category is other city, such as zhengzhou, hangzhou, qingd

31、ao, guilin, achieve standard average need to throw 1500000000 20 billion yuan. to sum up, the 34 city to achieve compliance, about 120000000000 1500 billion yuan. 3 motor vehicle pollution control, preliminary studies show that, if the motor vehicle pollution control to achieve the new provisions of

32、 the national emission standards, control costs account for about 0.3% of gross domestic product 0.7%. 4 dust pollution control, control of construction dust pollution than industrial pollution control is simple, as long as strict enforcement of laws and regulations, strengthen the management, not t

33、he number of inputs, can achieve results, according to the beijing city example calculation, prevent construction dust cost only accounted for the entire project budgetary estimate of 0.1% 0.3%. although the law after the implementation of the situation and expected not consistent, but the relevant

34、legal provisions will lead a large public finance and capital investment in environmental protection investment is without a doubt. in recent years, the revised solid waste pollution prevention and control law and water pollution prevention law although no similar estimates, but its actual effect on

35、 investment in environmental protection and environmental protection industry is similar.20012006年底，六年時(shí)間內(nèi)，全國環(huán)境污染治理累計(jì)投資為10965.3億元。其中城市環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)投資6203億元；工業(yè)污染源治理投資1834.5億元；新建項(xiàng)目“三同時(shí)”環(huán)保投資2927.8億元。2001 - by the end of 2006, six years, the national environmental pollution control investment 1096530000000 yu

36、an. the city s environmental infrastructure construction investment 620300000000 yuan; industrial pollution control investment 183450000000 yuan; the new project three simultaneous environmental investment 292780000000 yuan.三、中國環(huán)境與資源保護(hù)法律在引導(dǎo)環(huán)保投資、促進(jìn)環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展方面的不足three, chinas environment and resources pr

37、otection law in guiding the investment in environmental protection, promote the development of environmental protection industry problems當(dāng)前，由于我國環(huán)境與資源保護(hù)法律本身的缺陷和法律實(shí)施的缺失，法律在引導(dǎo)環(huán)保投資和環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)方面的潛力和作用還沒有有效地發(fā)揮出來，尚不能為實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境保護(hù)規(guī)劃目標(biāo)，落實(shí)環(huán)境保護(hù)規(guī)劃的投資及其他各項(xiàng)保障措施復(fù)合土工膜，提供強(qiáng)有力的法律保障。其根源主要是：at present, due to protect environment an

38、d resources of our country law implementation flaws and the lack of laws, and the potential role in guiding the investment in environmental protection and environmental protection industry laws have not effectively play out, not for the implementation of environmental protection planning objectives,

39、 the implementation of environmental protection planning, investment and other security measures, to provide a powerful legal guarantee the. the main reason is that:1.一些重要的環(huán)境領(lǐng)域尚處在無法可依的狀況，不能確保這些領(lǐng)域獲得市場注意和社會(huì)投資。這結(jié)領(lǐng)域包括循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、有毒化學(xué)品污染防治、環(huán)境污染損害賠償、土壤污染防治、濕地生態(tài)保護(hù)、自然保護(hù)區(qū)的維護(hù)管理、生物安全等玻纖土工格柵。同時(shí)，法律規(guī)定大多比較原則，可操作性不強(qiáng)，阻礙了

40、法律的有效實(shí)施，制約了法律對環(huán)保投資和環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)引導(dǎo)效應(yīng)的發(fā)揮。1 some important environmental field is still in the lawless condition, cannot ensure market attention and social investment in these areas. the areas include the development of circular economy, toxic chemicals pollution prevention and control, compensation for damage

41、 from environmental pollution, soil pollution prevention and control, ecological protection, nature conservation area maintenance management, biological safety. at the same time, the legal provisions are mostly comparison principle, operability is not strong, hindered the effective implementation of

42、 the law, the legal effect of restricting investment in environmental protection and environmental protection industry guide.2.市場調(diào)控手段缺乏，缺乏激勵(lì)環(huán)保投資和環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵(lì)機(jī)制。在這方面真正實(shí)施的只有排污收費(fèi)、污水處理收費(fèi)、電廠脫硫加價(jià)等幾項(xiàng)制度和政策，并且存在制度設(shè)計(jì)上的問題。其他起抑制環(huán)境污染的環(huán)境稅費(fèi)和鼓勵(lì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的環(huán)境補(bǔ)償制度基本是空白。由于缺乏有效的經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵(lì)手段和合理的制度設(shè)計(jì)，相應(yīng)就不能有效激勵(lì)企業(yè)進(jìn)行環(huán)保投資，發(fā)展環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)。the lack

43、of regulation means 2 of the market, the lack of incentive investment in environmental protection and environmental protection industry economic incentive mechanism. the real implementation in this regard only the sewage charges, sewage treatment fee, power plant desulfurization increases several sy

44、stem and policy, and the existing problems of the design of the system. other curb environmental pollution environmental tax and encouraging environmental protection environmental compensation system is basically blank. due to the lack of economic incentives for effective and reasonable system desig

45、n, the corresponding can not effectively stimulate enterprises to environmental protection investment, the development of environmental protection industry.3.公眾參與缺乏有效的立法保障，相應(yīng)的社會(huì)調(diào)控機(jī)制尚未有效發(fā)揮作用，社會(huì)自覺的環(huán)保需求不足。在發(fā)達(dá)國家，以自愿協(xié)議、環(huán)境標(biāo)志、信息公開和公眾參與為基礎(chǔ)的社會(huì)調(diào)控制度，已經(jīng)在法律上獲得有效保障，成為政府、市場之外保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要社會(huì)調(diào)控機(jī)制，成為環(huán)保需求和投資的重要引導(dǎo)力量。3 public

46、 participation is lack of effective legislation, the social control mechanism corresponding not play an effective role, lack of social consciousness of environmental protection requirements. in developed countries, the voluntary agreement, environmental labeling, information disclosure and public pa

47、rticipation as the basis of social regulation and control system, has been effectively guaranteed in the legal mechanism of social control, important as government, market, protect environment, become the important guidance to the demand of environmental protection and investment.4.法律得不到有效實(shí)施的問題相當(dāng)突出，

48、法律規(guī)范的環(huán)保需求不能轉(zhuǎn)化為“現(xiàn)實(shí)”的市場需求，不能帶動(dòng)相應(yīng)的環(huán)保投資和環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。環(huán)境保護(hù)行政管理體制不合理，中央部門缺乏對地方部門的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和制約能力；行政執(zhí)法力量特別是基層的行政執(zhí)法力量薄弱，執(zhí)法不力，許多違法現(xiàn)象不能及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)和制止；社會(huì)的守法意識(shí)還不夠高，一些政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部法制意識(shí)淡薄，干擾正常行政執(zhí)法工作，為某些違法行為袒護(hù)；司法部門辦理環(huán)境與資源保護(hù)案件的能力不足，辦案不及時(shí)，處罰力度不夠。the 4 law is not effective implementation problem is quite prominent, legal norms of the demand of

49、environmental protection can not be translated into real market demand, can not drive the corresponding environmental protection investment and the development of environmental protection industry. administrative system of environment protection is not reasonable, the central departments lack of loc

50、al leaders and control ability; administrative enforcement of administrative law enforcement power base is weak, weak law enforcement, many illegal phenomenon can not be found in time and stop; social law-abiding awareness is not high enough, some government leaders legal consciousness, interfere wi

51、th the normal administrative law enforcement work, for some illegal shield; capacity of judicial departments for environmental and resources protection case handling is not timely, inadequate, insufficient punishment.四、中國環(huán)境與資源保護(hù)法律在引導(dǎo)環(huán)保投資、促進(jìn)環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展方面的目標(biāo)和方向four, chinas environment and resources protect

52、ion law in guiding the investment in environmental protection, promoting goals and direction of the development of environmental protection industry中國共產(chǎn)黨第十七次全國代表大會(huì)明確提出了“建設(shè)生態(tài)文明，基本形成節(jié)約能源資源和保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、增長方式、消費(fèi)模式”的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)，明確提出了要完善有利于節(jié)約能源資源和保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境的法律和政策，加快形成可持續(xù)發(fā)展體制機(jī)制。這相應(yīng)對中國的環(huán)境立法提出了新目標(biāo)、新方向。在今后長時(shí)期內(nèi)，我國環(huán)保立法應(yīng)當(dāng)以保

53、障人民身體健康、提高人民生活質(zhì)量、維護(hù)國家生態(tài)環(huán)境安全和建立“資源節(jié)約型”、“環(huán)境友好型”社會(huì)為基本方向，以循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、環(huán)境污染防治和自然生態(tài)保護(hù)為重要領(lǐng)域，逐步形成涵蓋全面、制度健全、法規(guī)與技術(shù)規(guī)范配套的環(huán)境法體系。chinese communist partys seventeenth national congress explicitly put forward the build an ecological civilization, basically formed a strategic goal of industrial structure, save energy res

54、ources and protecting the ecological environment of the growth mode, consumption mode, clearly put forward to promote energy saving resources and protecting the ecological environment laws and policies, and speed up the formation of systems and mechanisms for sustainable development. this is in resp

55、onse to chinas environmental legislation put forward new direction, new goals. in the future a long period of time, chinas environmental protection legislation should be to protect peoples health, improve peoples quality of life, safeguard national ecological security and the establishment of a reso

56、urce-saving, environmentally friendly society as the basic direction, to the development of circular economy, environmental pollution control and ecological protection as an important field, and gradually form covered environment method comprehensive system, sound system, laws and regulations and te

57、chnical specification matching.1.在立法目標(biāo)上。應(yīng)當(dāng)從防治單項(xiàng)常規(guī)污染物和保護(hù)單項(xiàng)生態(tài)要素，轉(zhuǎn)向重視保護(hù)公眾的健康和環(huán)境安全，轉(zhuǎn)向重視保護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)整體存在價(jià)值；從注重污染的末端治理轉(zhuǎn)向注重生產(chǎn)全過程控制，注重優(yōu)先采用資源效率和循環(huán)利用手段；從重視防治單項(xiàng)、局部的環(huán)境問題，逐步轉(zhuǎn)向防治區(qū)域的和全球的環(huán)境問題；從注意防治生產(chǎn)過程的環(huán)境影響，轉(zhuǎn)向同時(shí)注重防治生活和消費(fèi)方式對環(huán)境的影響；從強(qiáng)調(diào)政府調(diào)控，轉(zhuǎn)向政府調(diào)控、市場調(diào)節(jié)和社會(huì)調(diào)控機(jī)制相結(jié)合。1 in the legislative goal. should from the prevention of con

58、ventional pollutants and protect individual single ecological factor, to protect the health and safety and environmental public attention to protection of the ecological system, steering system the overall value of existence; to focus on the whole production process control from the end of treatment

59、 to pollution, give priority to the resource efficiency and recycling means; from the emphasis on prevention and treatment of individual, local environmental problems the environmental problems, to control regional and global attention; from environmental impact control of production process, at the same time pay attention to control the impact of life and mode of consumption on the environment; from the emphasis of governmen