Unit4 Diogenes and Alexander分享資料

1、Unit4 Diogenes and AlexanderGilbert Highet1 The author2 Term 3 QuestionsAbout the author Gilbert Highet(1906-1978) Was born in Glasgow, Scotland Educated in Glasgow and at Oxford 1938-1972: A Classical literature professor In Columbia University; known for his scholarly and critical writings Writing

2、s:; the Anatomy of satireKing of Macedonia, son of King Philip II, was a pupil of AristotleAt the age of eighteenin the Macedonian conquest of Greece In 336BCbecome the head of Philips Greek League.In 334BCconquered Asia Minor; defeated the Persian fleet; marched as far as India、Egypt. In 323BCdied

3、at the age of 32 Alexander III(356-323BC) Diogenesl A Greek philosopherl One of the founders of Cynic philosophyl Also known as Diogenes of Sinope, Diogenes the Cynic, or Diogenes the Dog.l Born in Sinope (modern-day Sinop in Turkey), a colony on the Black Sea, in 412 BC or 404 BC and died at Corint

4、h krin (科林斯灣） in 323 BC. Statue of Diogenes The Corinthians build a pillar on which rested a dog of marble to memorize him.the fundamental principles of Cynicism（犬儒主義） 1.The goal of life is happiness which is to live in agreement with Nature. 2.Happiness depends on being self-sufficient, and a maste

5、r of mental attitude. 3.The road to virtue is to free oneself from any influence such as wealth, fame, or power, which have no value in NatureAchilles The sculpture of AchillesAchilles Achilles was the son of the mortal（凡人）（凡人） Peleus（希神珀琉斯） and the Nereid（海中（海中仙女）仙女） Thetis（希神西蒂斯）. He was the might

6、iest of the Greeks who fought in the Trojan War(希神特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭) , and was the hero of Homers Iliad（伊利亞特）（伊利亞特）. HerculesHeracles, the son of the god Zeus(希神宙斯 ）. He is the first Hero of the ancient Greek Mythology（神話）.He was prestigious （受尊敬的，有聲望的 ）as having “made the world safe for mankind” by destroying

7、many dangerous monsters(惡魔 ). His self-sacrifice (自我犧牲 ) obtained him the ascent（上升） to the Olympian realms （領(lǐng)域）and he was welcomed by the gods.Plato（427BC - 347) A. one of the most important Greek philosophers. B. founded the Academy in Athens, an institution devoted to research and instruction in

8、philosophy and the sciences. C. His works on philosophy, politics and mathematics were very influencial and laid the foundations for Euclids systematic approach to mathematics.Plato Aristotle (384322 B.C.E.)A. a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. B. physics, me

9、taphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric(修辭學(xué)）, politics, government, ethics（倫理學(xué)）, biology, and zoology（動物學(xué)）.C. one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. D. create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality and aesthetics, logic and science,

10、politics and metaphysics.Corinth is an ancient city about 48 miles west of Athens on the narrow stretch of land that joins the Peloponnese to the mainland of Greece. Corinth was an important city in ancient Greece and it played a major role in the missionary work of the Apostle Paul. Mediterranean S

11、ea This inland sea is bordered on the north by Europe, the east by Asia, and in the south by Africa. Major subdivisions include the Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, Balearic Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Ionian Sea and Ligurian Sea. Iliad describes the activities of a few weeks in the tenth year of the Trojan War (

12、final year), said to have been fought between the Greeks and the Trojans. The background of the story and the final outcome is no direct statement. “伊利亞特伊利亞特”，希臘手稿，希臘手稿Questions 1. “They were not quite sure whether or not. He knew they were mad.” (para 1) Why did he think that the other people were mad ? Do you