英語：Unit2《TheEnvironment》課件（1）-Grammarandusage（牛津譯林版必修5）

1、zxxk精品課件Grammar and usagezxxk精品課件Grammar and usagezxxk精品課件zxxk精品課件非謂語動詞過去分詞過去分詞不定式不定式-ing 形式形式動名詞動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞zxxk精品課件動名詞（動名詞（Gerund) 動名詞可以起名詞的作用，在句子中動名詞可以起名詞的作用，在句子中作主語作主語，賓賓語語，表語表語和和定語定語。 1. Playing football is my favourite sport.主主語語 2. Our work is serving the people. 表語表語 3. I remember being taken

2、 to Wuhan when I was a very small child. 賓語賓語 4. We have a swimming poor in the back yard.定語定語zxxk精品課件Notes: 1.時態(tài)時態(tài)和和語態(tài)語態(tài)及動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)及動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 2.動名詞與不定式動名詞與不定式作主語作主語，表語表語的區(qū)別。的區(qū)別。 3.作作賓語賓語時，有些動詞后只能用動名詞，有些時，有些動詞后只能用動名詞，有些動詞后只能用不定式，有的兩者都能動詞后只能用不定式，有的兩者都能,有時含義有時含義相同，有時含義不同。相同，有時含義不同。 4.作作定語定語時，與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別。時，與

3、現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別。 zxxk精品課件主主 動動 被被 動動一一 般般writing being written完完 成成having written having been written 時態(tài)和語態(tài)時態(tài)和語態(tài)zxxk精品課件 I remember being taken to Wuhan when I was a very small child.（動名詞的一般被動態(tài)） She admitted having opened the box.（動名詞的完成被動態(tài)） How about the two of us taking a walk down the garden? (MET93 17)

4、(動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)) zxxk精品課件動名詞與不定式作主語，表語的區(qū)別動名詞與不定式作主語，表語的區(qū)別v-ing形式作主語時往往表示一般性的、習(xí)慣性的形式作主語時往往表示一般性的、習(xí)慣性的動作；而不定式作主語則表示在具體情況下特定動作；而不定式作主語則表示在具體情況下特定的或一次性的動作。但有時可以通用。的或一次性的動作。但有時可以通用。zxxk精品課件只能用動名詞作賓語的動詞只能用動名詞作賓語的動詞 1.advise, allow, avoid, admit, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, mind, mis

5、s, permit, practise, risk, suggest,dislike,appreciate 2.feel like, give up, put off, keep on, look forward to ,insist on , cant help ,get used to ,devote to 3.Its useless/no use/no good doing zxxk精品課件 在在begin, start, continue,intend 等動詞后跟等動詞后跟v-ing形式和不定式作賓語，句子含義相同形式和不定式作賓語，句子含義相同 在在like, love, hate等

6、動詞后等動詞后v-ing形式作賓語形式作賓語時往往表示一般性的、習(xí)慣性的動作；而不定時往往表示一般性的、習(xí)慣性的動作；而不定式作賓語則表示在具體情況下特定的或一次性式作賓語則表示在具體情況下特定的或一次性的動作。的動作。zxxk精品課件下列動詞后跟動名詞或不定式意思完全不同。1.remember,forget, regret + doing 記得/忘記/遺憾曾做過某事+ to do記得/忘記/遺憾要做某事2.want,need,require+doing 需要被做+to do 需要做3.stop,try, mean,go ongo on to do 接著又做另一件事/go on doing 繼

7、續(xù)做同一件事stop to do 停下來去做某事/stop doing 停止做某事try to do 努力做某事/try doing 試一試做某事mean to do 打算想做某事/mean doing 意味著意思是做某事zxxk精品課件作定語時，與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別作定語時，與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別 動名詞作定語表名詞的作用或功能，現(xiàn)在分詞作動名詞作定語表名詞的作用或功能，現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表名詞正在進(jìn)行的動作。定語表名詞正在進(jìn)行的動作?，F(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞動名詞動名詞a sleeping child一個正在一個正在睡覺的孩子睡覺的孩子a sleeping car一輛臥車一輛臥車a flying bird一只正

8、在飛一只正在飛翔的鳥翔的鳥a flying course飛行課程飛行課程a swimming girl一個正在一個正在游泳的女孩游泳的女孩a swimming pool一個游泳池一個游泳池the running water自來水自來水the running track跑道跑道zxxk精品課件現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞(present participle) 現(xiàn)在分詞的形式與動名詞相同，但功能不現(xiàn)在分詞的形式與動名詞相同，但功能不同同.可在句中充當(dāng)定語，表語，狀語和補語可在句中充當(dāng)定語，表語，狀語和補語。zxxk精品課件1. 作定語作定語 an interesting book the man sitti

9、ng by the window boiling water falling snow the bridge being builtA. 與動名詞作定語的區(qū)別與動名詞作定語的區(qū)別B. 與過去分詞與過去分詞,不定式不定式 作定語的區(qū)別作定語的區(qū)別過去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動賓關(guān)系或過去分詞表示的動作以完成。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動作。the house being built/to be built/built正在被建/將要被建/建好了的房子 zxxk精品課件 boiling water 正在沸騰的水正在沸騰的水 boiled wate

10、r 開水開水 the changing world 變化中的世界變化中的世界 the changed world 變化了的世界變化了的世界 the developing countries 發(fā)展中國家發(fā)展中國家 the developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國家發(fā)達(dá)國家 falling leaves 正在落下的葉子正在落下的葉子 fallen leaves 落葉落葉 rising sun 正在升起的太陽正在升起的太陽 risen sun 已經(jīng)升起的太陽已經(jīng)升起的太陽 zxxk精品課件2 作表語作表語 與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“

11、感到”都用-ed形式。zxxk精品課件 interesting使人感興趣的 interested感興趣的exciting令人激動的excited感到激動的delighting令人高興的delighted感到高興的disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人費解的puzzled感到費解的satisfying令人滿意的satisfied感到滿意的surprising令人驚異的surprised感到驚異的worrying令人擔(dān)心的worrie

12、d感到擔(dān)心的zxxk精品課件旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。Travelling is interesting but tiring.如果要學(xué)生學(xué)得太多，他們會感到糊涂的。如果要學(xué)生學(xué)得太多，他們會感到糊涂的。The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.他的論點很令人信服。他的論點很令人信服。The argument is very convincing.zxxk精品課件3.作狀語作狀語1 .Seeing the teacher entering the room, the studen

13、ts stood up.2. Being a student, he was interested in sports.3. Having written the letter, John went to the post office.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，注意如下三點：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，注意如下三點：相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的從句相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的從句分詞的邏輯主語就是全句的主語分詞的邏輯主語就是全句的主語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時有不同的時態(tài)與語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時有不同的時態(tài)與語態(tài)zxxk精品課件4.作補語作補語 Can you get the machine going again? The boys were see

14、n walking on the grass.zxxk精品課件非謂語動詞的否定式均為非謂語動詞的否定式均為not+非謂語動詞非謂語動詞 zxxk精品課件一些獨立結(jié)構(gòu)一些獨立結(jié)構(gòu)：1. Generally _( speak ), we have learnt a lot in this school.2. _(judge ) from his appearance, he is somebody.3. _( tell ) you the truth, your work is terrible.speakingJudgingTo tellzxxk精品課件ConsolidationThe verb

15、-ing forms in these sentences are all used as the attribute. Can you change the following attributive clauses into verb-ing form?1). A taxi which is waiting is around the corner. Go and take it. A waiting taxi is around the corner. Go and take it.2).It is said that nothing that lives can be found on

16、 Mars. It is said that no living things can be found on Mars.3).The boy who was smiling ran to his mother. The smiling boy ran to his mother.zxxk精品課件4).The woman who is coming to dinner this evening works in the bank. The woman coming to dinner this evening works in the bank. 5).The young man who is

17、 looking at the map is lost. The young man looking at the map is lost.6).The man who is performing in the street can play five musical instruments. The man performing in the street can play five musical instruments. zxxk精品課件Can you rewrite these sentences ,using clauses introduced by when,after,beca

18、use,as a result,and if ect.Knowing that there was a dog outside, the little boy didnt open the door. Because he knew that there was a dog outside, the little boy didnt open the door. Having plenty of money, she was able to go anywhere on holidays. Because she had plenty of money, she was able to go

19、anywhere on holidays.Lucy and Lily, looking so alike, are often mistaken for twins. Lucy and Lily, because they look so alike, are often mistaken for twins.The couple went shopping, leaving their eldest daughter alone at home.The couple went shopping. As a result, they left their eldest daughter alo

20、ne at home. Time permitting, I will meet you for lunch. If time permits, I will meet you for lunch. zxxk精品課件Multiple choice: 1.Where is my passport? I remember it here.You shouldnt have left it here. Remember _it with you all the time.A. to put；to take B. putting；taking C. putting；to take D. to put；

21、taking2.After finishing his homework he went on_a letter to his parents.A. write B. writingC. wrote D. to write 3.Only English doesnt mean_ the language.A. to learn；to learn B. learning；learningC. learning about；learn D. learning about；learning zxxk精品課件4.Would you mind quiet for a moment? Im trying

22、_a form.A. keeping；filling out B. to keep；to fill outC. keeping；to fill out D. to keep；filling out 5. the news of his fathers death, he burst into tears.A. After hearing B. On hearingC. While hearingD. Having heard 6.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing. A. to see B. seeing C. see

23、 D. to be seenzxxk精品課件7._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk8.There was a terrible noise _the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed9. It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night.A. to burn

24、B. burn C. burning D. burned10._a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter.A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not receivedzxxk精品課件1. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children.A. set up B. setting upC. have set up D. having se

25、t up2. I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island.A. to have had time B. having timeC. to have time D. to have time3. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting鏈接高考鏈接高考zxxk精品課件4_ the meeting himself gave them a grea

26、t deal of encouragement.A.The president will attend B.The president to attendC.The president attendedD.The presidents attending5Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan.A. his being not able B. him not to be ableC. his not being ableD. him to be not able6. Alice returned from t

27、he managers office _me that the boss wanted to see me at once.A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. tellingzxxk精品課件7._ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited8.The flowers _sweet in the bota

28、nic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of name.A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt9. The old man, _abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having workedzxxk精品課件10. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into th

29、e pocket into a passenger.A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting11. The storm left,_a lot of damage to this area.A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused12. “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _away.A. run B. running C. to run D. ranzxxk精品課件13. Its necessary to be prepared for

30、a job interview. _the answers ready will be of great help.A.To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having14. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 15. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke

31、 D. smokedzxxk精品課件16. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic games _in Beijing in 2008.A. hold B. holding c. held D. to be held17. My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a full basket of fresh fruits.A. bought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought18. Tom sounds very much _ in the job, b

32、ut Im not sure whether he can manage it. A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedlyzxxk精品課件19. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing. A. sayingB. saidC. to sayD. having said 20. - There is a story here in the paper abo

33、ut a 110-year-old man. - My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old. A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having beenzxxk精品課件Language points:zxxk精品課件1.disappoint(P29) disappoint Vt. to fail to satisfy someone or their hopes, desires, etc.; to cause someone to feel unhappy:使失望Im sorry to disappoint you,

34、but Im afraid I cant come after all.We dont want to disappoint the fans.zxxk精品課件disappointed Adj. unhappy because someone or something was not as good as you hoped or expected, or because something did not happen:失望的We were deeply disappointed at/about the result.His parents were bitterly disappoint

35、ed in/with him.She was disappointed (that) they hadnt phoned.He was disappointed to find theyd already gone.disappointing Adj. making you feel disappointed: 令人失望的What a disappointing result!The response to our advertisement has been somewhat disappointing.disappointedly Adv. 失望地 disappointingly Adv.

36、 令人失望地 zxxk精品課件disappointment N. 失望失望1） U the feeling of being disappointed:Book early to avoid disappointment.To my (great) disappointment (= sadness), he decided to leave.2 ）C usually singular something or someone that is not what you were hoping it would be:The party turned out to be a huge disap

37、pointment.Im afraid Ive been rather a disappointment to my parentszxxk精品課件2.One of the customs officers was watching the arrivals very closely.(P29) closely Adv. in a close manner 接近地，緊密地，嚴(yán)密地，密切地listen closely=listen carefullyThe two events are closely connected.Cf. close: Adv. leaving little space

38、between, in a close position 位置接近地，無空隙地作副詞時， close 常表示具體的距離的近。 closely常表示抽象意義。類似的還有：deeply, deep; highly, high等。After 20 years of marriage, theyre still deeply in love.The submarine sailed deep under the ice cap.For our country to remain competitive, we need a highly-skilled, highly-educated workfor

39、ce.zxxk精品課件close adj.1. having direct family connections or shared beliefs, support and sympathy:關(guān)系接近的，親密的There werent many people at the funeral - just close family/relatives.Mira is one of my closest friends.2. not distant in position or time:時間空間等接近Dont get too close to that dog, Rosie.I hate peo

40、ple standing too close to me.As Christmas gets closer, the shops get more and more crowded.Emma looked close to tears (= almost going to cry). 3) having only a small difference:相似，勢均力敵的The election results were so close they had to vote again.He came second in the race, but it was very close.zxxk精品課

41、件鏈接高考鏈接高考 It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _ to her mother. A. closeB. closelyC. closedD. closingzxxk精品課件3.After all, they are limited.(P31)After all 1) in spite of what has been said, done or expected 畢竟，終究The rain has stopped, so the game will go ahead after all.2）it should be remembered 應(yīng)該記住，別忘了I do like her - after all, she is my sister.zxxk精品課件all常用短語及搭配：常用短語及搭配：at all 根本，全然Is there any uncertainty at all about the way she died?all in all 從各