測控專業(yè)英語Unit 4

1、Unit 4 測控技術與儀器專業(yè)英語測控技術與儀器專業(yè)英語CalibrationCalibrationChapter 1 Introduction to Measurement-criterion 標準、準則-established standard 現(xiàn)有標準-multiple standard 多重標準-feasible 可行的-specified limit 制定的限度-calibrate 校準-performance check 性能檢查-progressive drift 逐漸地漂移-tolerance limit 隨機誤差Words and ExpressionsQ1- What i

2、s calibration, and why do people perform it at specified intervals?Q2- What are the standards, and what requirement must they satisfy? Q3- What should the separate calibration groups do according to their tasks and office authorities? Questions before reading辦公權限辦公權限校準校準Q4- What are calibration proc

3、edures and instrument performance check, and how are they implemented?Questions before reading校準程序校準程序Unit 4 Calibration- Calibration refers to the comparison of a measurement instrument to a standard or other instrument of known accuracy in order to bring the instrument into substantial agreement w

4、ith an established standard.- 校準校準是指為了使儀器與是指為了使儀器與已有標準完全一致已有標準完全一致（匹配）而將一個測量儀器與一個標準的或其他（匹配）而將一個測量儀器與一個標準的或其他已知準確度的儀器相比較的過程。已知準確度的儀器相比較的過程。1.1Unit 4 Calibration- The established standard is normally of at least four times greater accuracy than the instrument being calibrated or the average of multipl

5、e standards if the four-times criterion is not feasible- 已有標準通常至少四倍于待校準儀器的準確度，或者已有標準通常至少四倍于待校準儀器的準確度，或者當四倍當四倍標準標準不不可行可行時，則采用時，則采用多重標準多重標準平均方式。平均方式。- To say that an instrument is calibrated means that it indicates measurements within specified limits of error for that instrument- 也就是說，儀器校準也就是說，儀器校準表明

6、了表明了其測量誤差的其測量誤差的確定限度確定限度。1.31.5Unit 4 Calibration-The accuracy of an instrument is dependent on three major contributing factors: -The time since it was last calibrated;-The difference between the calibration temperature and the operating temperature;-The uncertainty of the standard used for calibra

7、tion-儀器的準確度取決于三個主要因素：儀器的準確度取決于三個主要因素： 距離上次校準的距離上次校準的時間；時間； 校準和使用時的溫差；校準和使用時的溫差； 用于標定的標準的用于標定的標準的不確不確定度。定度。1.9Unit 4 Calibration- In most organizations，calibration is the responsibility of a separate group. That group is responsible for maintaining working standards, keeping records of instruments fo

8、r periodic calibration and certification, and being knowledgeable of the latest calibration procedures- 在大多數(shù)組織中，校準由一個獨立（或單獨的）小組在大多數(shù)組織中，校準由一個獨立（或單獨的）小組負責。這個小組負責負責。這個小組負責維護現(xiàn)行標準維護現(xiàn)行標準，對儀器的，對儀器的周期性校準周期性校準和檢定進行記錄，并清楚了解最近一次校準的過程。和檢定進行記錄，并清楚了解最近一次校準的過程。2.1Unit 4 Calibration- The standards laboratory should

9、 have environmental controls to assure consistency because environmental factors can affect the accuracy of certain standards and the performance of instruments. - 由于環(huán)境因素能影戲那個某些標準的準確度和儀器的由于環(huán)境因素能影戲那個某些標準的準確度和儀器的性能性能，所以，標準實驗室應具備，所以，標準實驗室應具備環(huán)境控制（裝置）環(huán)境控制（裝置）保證（校保證（校準和使用的）準和使用的）一致性一致性。- Environmental fac

10、tors that are controlled usually include temperature, humidity, vibration, dust, radio-frequency interference, grounding, and line voltage regulation-需要控制的環(huán)境因素通常包括溫度、需要控制的環(huán)境因素通常包括溫度、濕度濕度、振動振動、粉塵、粉塵、無線頻率干擾無線頻率干擾、接地接地和線電壓調節(jié)。和線電壓調節(jié)。2.52.8Unit 4 Calibration- The calibration procedure and instrument perf

11、ormance checks are generally specified by the instrument manufacturer in the manuals that are provided with the instrument- 校準過程和儀器性能檢查通常由儀器校準過程和儀器性能檢查通常由儀器廠商廠商在隨儀器提在隨儀器提供的供的手冊手冊中指定或設置。中指定或設置。- Frequent unnecessary adjustments may also interfere with the records for an instrument and accelerate prog

12、ressive drift in values.-頻繁不必要調整可能會影響儀器的記錄，并加速數(shù)值的頻繁不必要調整可能會影響儀器的記錄，并加速數(shù)值的逐逐漸地漂移。漸地漂移。3.13.6Unit 4 Calibration- An exception to this procedure can be made if the parameter is very near the tolerance limit and there is reason to believe it may be out of tolerance before the next calibration.- 如果參數(shù)非常接近

13、如果參數(shù)非常接近公差限公差限，并且有理由相信其可能，并且有理由相信其可能在下次校準前超差，則要例外。在下次校準前超差，則要例外。- The decision to adjust instruments that are close to the specified limits depends on the type of instrument and on the operating practice and philosophy of the laboratory doing the recalibration.- 對于儀器是否因接近設定極限而需調整的決策，取對于儀器是否因接近設定極限而需

14、調整的決策，取決于儀器的類型和校準實驗室的實際操作情況和實驗室體決于儀器的類型和校準實驗室的實際操作情況和實驗室體系架構。系架構。3.73.9Unit 5 測控技術與儀器專業(yè)英語測控技術與儀器專業(yè)英語Operating CharacteristicOperating CharacteristicChapter 1 Introduction to Measurement徐小玲徐小玲-range 范圍-span 跨度-resolution 分辨率-dead band 死區(qū)-threshold 閾值-sensitivity 靈敏度-overload 過載-recovery time 回復時間-sat

15、uration effect 飽和效應Words and ExpressionsQ1-What are the meanings of range, span, and what are the differences between them? Q2-How are resolution, dead-band and sensitivity related to an increase of measurement? Q3-What are the reliability, over-range and drift? Q4-What does environment of an experi

16、ment include? Questions before readingMain content Measurement1 1Operation2 2Environmental Effects3 31 Measurement- A measuring instrument can measure any value of a variable within its range of measurement. The range is defined by the lower range limit and the upper range limit-一個測量儀器能夠測量在其測量一個測量儀器

17、能夠測量在其測量范圍范圍內的任意變量值。內的任意變量值。范圍是由范圍的下限和范圍的上限共同定義的。范圍是由范圍的下限和范圍的上限共同定義的。- The span is the difference between the upper range limit and the lower range limit Span=upper range limit-lower range limit-跨度跨度是上下限之間的差：跨度是上下限之間的差：跨度=范圍上限范圍上限-范圍下限范圍下限 1.11.41 Measurement- When the measured variable is continuo

18、usly varied over the range, some measuring instruments change their output in discrete steps rather than in a continuous manner. The resolution of this type of measuring instrument is a single step of the output. - 當被測量在測量范圍內連續(xù)變化時，某些測量儀器以當被測量在測量范圍內連續(xù)變化時，某些測量儀器以離散的階躍形式改變其輸出，而非連續(xù)方式。這類測量儀離散的階躍形式改變其輸出，而

19、非連續(xù)方式。這類測量儀器的分辨率即是輸出的一次階躍。器的分辨率即是輸出的一次階躍。2.21 Measurement- The dead band of a measuring instrument is the smallest change in the measured variable that will result in a measurable change in the output. - 測量儀器的測量儀器的死區(qū)死區(qū)是對應于輸出可測變化的被測量最小是對應于輸出可測變化的被測量最小變化值。變化值。- Obviously, a measuring instrument cannot

20、 measure changes in the measured variable that are smaller than its dead bandThreshold is another name for dead band - 很明顯，測量儀器無法測量被測量小于其死區(qū)的變化。很明顯，測量儀器無法測量被測量小于其死區(qū)的變化。閾值閾值是死區(qū)的另一個名稱。是死區(qū)的另一個名稱。3.13.21 Measurement- The sensitivity of a measuring instrument is the ratio of the change in output divided b

21、y the change in the input that caused the change in output. - 測量儀器的靈敏度即是輸出變化量與輸入變化量的比測量儀器的靈敏度即是輸出變化量與輸入變化量的比值。值。4.1Main content Measurement1 1Operation2 2Environmental Effects3 32 Operation- The reliability of a measuring instrument is the probability that it will do its job for a specified period of time under a specified set of conditions- 測量儀器的可靠性是它在一些列特定條件下在一段特測量儀器的可靠性是它在一些列特定條件下在一段特定時間內完成其工作的可能性。定時間內完成其工作的可能性。- Overrange is any excess in the value of the measured vari