《英語句子成分分析》ppt課件

1、句子成分句子成分定義定義 ：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主語和謂語主要成分：主語和謂語次要成分：表語、賓語、定語、狀語、次要成分：表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語補(bǔ)足語、同位語1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主語語謂謂語語定定語語賓賓語語同同位位語語狀狀語語主語主語subject句子闡明的人或事物句子闡明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went ou

2、t in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. 名詞名詞 代詞代詞 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞不定式不定式 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 名詞化的描畫詞名詞化的描畫詞 句子句子找出句中主語找出句中主語The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living i

3、n the shelter. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. He likes dancing. What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.名詞名詞 代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 不定式不定式 句子句子(名詞化的描畫詞名詞化的描畫詞It方式主語，主語從句是真正主語方式主語，主語從句是真正主語謂語謂語闡明主語的動(dòng)作、形狀和特征闡明主語的動(dòng)作、形狀和特征 簡單謂語簡單謂語:由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組

4、成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans. 復(fù)合謂語復(fù)合謂語 由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞; He can speak English well. She doesnt seem to like dancing Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to

5、see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? 名詞名詞 ( 代詞(數(shù)詞數(shù)詞)(名詞化的描畫詞名詞化的描畫詞)(三三)賓語賓語動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或接受者動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或接受者及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語或介詞的賓語不定式不定式動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞句子句子 賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指直接賓語指物或事物或事,間接賓語指人或動(dòng)物間接賓語指人或動(dòng)物. He gave me some books.間接間接賓語賓語直接直接賓語賓語please pass me the book.He b

6、ought his girlfriend some flowers.四表語四表語在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.That remains a puzzle.I dont feel at ease. 閑適，自在自在五定語五定語修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句或從句 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. T

7、here are 54students in our class. Do you known bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good.(描畫詞描畫詞)(名詞名詞)(數(shù)詞數(shù)詞)(名詞的一切格名詞的一切格)(動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞)(如今分詞如今分詞)(過去分詞過去分詞)定語后置：定語后置：假設(shè)定語是由一個(gè)單詞表示時(shí)，通常要假設(shè)定語是由一個(gè)單詞表示時(shí)，通常要前置。而由一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)句子表示時(shí)，前置。而由一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)句子表示時(shí)，通常那么

8、后置通常那么后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now? 六狀語六狀語狀語的功用：狀語闡明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、狀語的功用：狀語闡明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、緣由、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、緣由、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨情況等。程度、方式和伴隨情況等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the p

9、layground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. I found

10、 the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. 六賓語補(bǔ)足語六賓語補(bǔ)足語有些及物動(dòng)詞除了有一個(gè)直接賓語以外有些及物動(dòng)詞除了有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語，闡明賓語的，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語，闡明賓語的身份和形狀以補(bǔ)充其意義缺乏，使句子身份和形狀以補(bǔ)充其意義缺乏，使句子的意義完好。這類常用的及物動(dòng)詞有的意義完好。這類常用的及物動(dòng)詞有 ：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. She asked

11、me to lend her a hand.同位語同位語 位于名詞或代詞后面，闡明它們的性質(zhì)和情況位于名詞或代詞后面，闡明它們的性質(zhì)和情況 We young people should respect the old.He himself will do the experiment.He is the oldest among them four.He told me the news that our team won the game.名詞名詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞從句從句Exercises:分析句子構(gòu)造分析句子構(gòu)造1You are a student.2He felt happy today

12、.3What you said made me happy.4Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?5After he finished his homework, he went away.6He likes pop music.7The sound sounds strange.8The food tastes good.9He gave me a book yesterday. 10We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. 人稱代詞人稱代詞 I我我 yo

13、u他他 he他他 she她她 they他們他們 me我賓格我賓格you他賓格他賓格him他賓格他賓格her她賓格她賓格them他們賓格他們賓格 物主代詞物主代詞 my我的我的 his他的他的 your他的他的your他們的他們的 their他們的他們的 her她的她的 指示代詞指示代詞 this這這 that那那 these這些這些 those 那些那些 反身代詞反身代詞 myself我本人我本人 himself他本人他本人 themselves他他們本人們本人 疑問代詞疑問代詞 who誰誰 what什么什么 which哪個(gè)哪個(gè) 不定代詞不定代詞 some一些一些 many許多許多 both兩

14、個(gè)；兩個(gè)都兩個(gè)；兩個(gè)都 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 which的物的物 who的人的人 that的人的人或物或物 who誰誰 that引導(dǎo)定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句 相互代詞相互代詞 each other 相互相互 one another相互相互 銜接代詞銜接代詞 who, whom, whose,what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞1形狀系動(dòng)詞形狀系動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 例如：例如： He is a teacher. is與補(bǔ)足語一同闡明主語的身份。與補(bǔ)足語一同闡明主語的身份。 2繼續(xù)系動(dòng)詞繼續(xù)系動(dòng)詞 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 例如：例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會(huì)時(shí)總堅(jiān)持沉默。他開會(huì)時(shí)總堅(jiān)持沉默。3表像系動(dòng)詞表像系動(dòng)詞 seem, appear, look, 例如：例如： He looks tired. 他看起來很累。他看起來很累。 4感官系動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞 feel, smell, sound, taste 例如：例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。這種布手感很