2020上海高考英語一模概要寫作指導(dǎo)寫作匯編

1、上海高考英語備考訓(xùn)練上海高考英語題型訓(xùn)練 : 寫作2020 高三第一學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量抽查IV. Summary Writing （ 10 分）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（ s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.松江It goes without saying that the language spoken by the majority

2、of British people has the same name as the language spoken by most citizens of the U.S.A. Nonetheless, quite apart from well-documented lexical （詞匯的）differences - pavement/sidewalk, lift/elevator, etc. - there are still some words and phrases which can cause confusion and misunderstanding between sp

3、eakers of the two different forms. Thats why sonic people say that Great Britain and the United States are nations separated by a common language. There are practical reasons for this.When the first English settlers arrived in what we now call America, the language they spoke was naturally the same

4、as that spoken by their compatriots（同胞） on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. However, they immediately saw things which didnt exist in Europe, often items used and made by Native Americans, such as canoes and moccasins and creatures such as buffalo. They also picked up words which they heard bei

5、ng used by other European immigrants. The word boss ”,for example, was used by settlers from Holland in New York in the mid-17th century. It comes from the Dutch word baas which means master. The word cookie alsocomes from the Dutch koekje”.There are many words, phrases and even grammatical structur

6、es which are mistaken for Americanisms （美式英語用語） in Britain when they are nothing of the sort. Very often, they represent not an American import, but an original form of British English which has disappearedin Britain. The verbs guess ”meaning think and “ loan ”meaning lend and the adjective mad mean

7、ing angry are frequently criticized as Americanisms, yet they all appeared in British English hundreds of years ago. In the case of “ loan ” , it was used longas ago as 1,200 years! In fact, English spoken in the UK has changed so thoroughly in the last 500 years that American English now represents

8、 the last place where some original British English forms can be found.參考答案： Although American English and British English are the same language, there are great differences. Two reasons account for the phenomenon. New words were created after the first English settlers in America saw new things and

9、 learned words from other Europeans. Additionally, some original expressions have been changed by British people while they are still being used by Americans.崇明Giving ThanksThis is the season for taking the time to reflect on what were thankful for in life. Spending that time with friends and family

10、 to give thanks is what makes the holidays so special. But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the years? Gratitude is a1 / 4上海高考英語備考訓(xùn)練muscle we should strengthen year-round to make us healthier, happier humans and leaders.Emmons, through his research, found that grateful people reported f

11、eeling healthier, both mentally and physically. Specifically, those who were grateful were 25 percent happier than those who werent. In the workplace, well-being is a crucial topic when it comes to preventing employee burn-out and promoting engagement. Beyond the research that shows that employees w

12、ho arc shown that they arc appreciated arcmore productive by 50 percent, caring for your employees-being issimpwelly therightthing todo. Providingprograms that support managing lifeseverydaychallenges, offering fitness classes or implementing flexible work schedules are just a few things that, when

13、paired with gratitude, can lead to more productive, engaged and happier working professionals.Working in an ever-evolving, fast-paced industry, I am surrounded by ambitious people who are always striving for more and better. Gratitude challenges yon to reflect in the moment instead of always thinkin

14、g about the future. It starts by paying attention to whats going on in your life, and that true self-awareness is a keyingredient to being successful in your career.Gratitude is a powerful tool for strengthening relationships, both at work and in your personal life. People who express their gratitud

15、e tend to be more willing toforgive others and therefore able to create long-lasting connections.The old saying goes“ It s never too late to say you re sorry,” but the sameof gratitude. That s a gift worth celebrating 365 days a year.參考答案： We should show gratitude year-round as it is beneficial to b

16、oth ourpersonal and professional life. First, it helps our physical and mental health and makes us happier, thus promoting production at work. Second, it makes us more self-aware, which can contribute to career success. Lastly ，it makes us more likely to forgive others and helps build strong relatio

17、nships. (59 words)虹口The Zeigarnik EffectHave you ever found yourself thinking about a partially finished project for school or work when you were trying to focus on other things? Or perhaps you wondered what would happen next in your favorite TV show or film series. If you have, you ve experienced t

18、he Zeigarnik effect. You tend to remember unfinished tasks better than finished tasks. Knowledge of the Zeigarnik effect can be put into use in everyday life.The effect is especially well suited for helping overcome procrastination or delaying an action to a later time. We often put off big tasks th

19、at seem overwhelming. However, the Zeigarnik effect suggests that the key to overcoming procrastination is to just get started. The first step could be something small and seemingly insignificant.In fact, it s probably best if it s something fairly easy.The Zeigarnik effect can be useful for student

20、s who are studying for an exam. The effect tells us that breaking up study periods can actually improve recall. So instead of cramming for an exam all in one sitting, breaks should be scheduled in2 / 4上海高考英語備考訓(xùn)練which the student focuses on something else. This will cause intrusive （侵入的） thoughts, en

21、abling students to rehearse and consolidate the information that must be remembered, leading to better recall when they take the exam.The Zeigarnik effect also points to reasons why people may experience mental health problems. If an individual leaves important tasks incomplete, the intrusive though

22、ts that result can lead to stress, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and emotional distress. Conversely, completing a task can give an individual a sense of accomplishment and lead to a feeling of closure that can improve psychological well - being.The Zeigarnik effect can actually be used to positively

23、 impact your work productivity.參考答案： The Zeigarnik effect, the tendency to remember incomplete tasks better than complete ones, is useful in daily life. Firstly, it can keep people from putting off things when they start with a small step. Besides, it encourages breaks in students study, thus improv

24、ing recall in exams. Thirdly, it promotes mental health by providing the motivation needed to finish tasks.徐匯The Decline of BiodiversityBiodiversity is the range of living things in an area. During the last 100 years, scientists have seen a great decline in biodiversity. Some studies show that one i

25、n eight plant species is threatened with extinction. It is estimated that 140,000 species of plants are lost each year.Most of the extinctions in the last thousand years are due to humans. The main cause is the chopping down of tropical rain forests. Most of this destruction is done to create pastur

26、e ( 牧場 ) for beef cattle. Many rainforests in Central and South America have been burnt down to make way for cattle farming, which supplies beef to the rest of the world. It is estimated that for each pound of beef produced, 200 square feet of rainforest are destroyed. The forests are also cut down

27、to make wheat for bread as well as fruit for human consumption.The introduction of exotic (外來的 ) species is another threat. The latest research from the University of Southampton has revealed the impact of exotic species upon native wildlife, which could potentially lead to the extinctions of local

28、species. When exotic species are introduced to a place, they try to establish a self-sustainingpopulation. While the local species, which haven t had a chanceoften tolackevolve, defenses and thus cannot compete against the exotic species.The disappearanceof certain food animals can be disastrous not

29、 only to larger animals but also to the entire ecosystem. It is these small creatures which convert much of the energy in an ecosystem from unusable (i.e. microscopic plants, decaying matter, etc.) into usable forms, namely their bodies. Their absence makes most energy and nutrients trapped in forms

30、 unusable to other species. This makes the environment less suitable for healthy living, and less capable of producing resources that humans need.參考答案： Biodiversity is declining fast. One major reason is that people cut down3 / 4上海高考英語備考訓(xùn)練tropical rain forests to raise cattle for beef or to grow food. Another reason is that some local species may extinct because they cannot compete with