【初中】初中定語從句講解及練習

1、學習必備歡迎下載中學定語從句講解及練習一、定義： 在復合句中，修飾某一 名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句；如： 1 the man who lives next to usis a policeman.2 you must do everythingthat i do .上面兩句中的 man 和 everything 是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面；* 引導定語從句的詞有 關(guān)系代詞 that, which, who賓格 whom,全部格whose 和關(guān)系副詞 where, when 、why* 關(guān)系詞常有三個作用： 1、引導定語從句2、代替先行詞3 、在定語從句中擔當一個

2、成分二、關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句* 1.who 指人，在從句中做主語1the boys who are playing footballare from class one. 2yesterday i helped an old manwho lost his way .* 2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，?？墒÷?；(1) mr. liu is the person whom you talked about.留意：關(guān)系代詞 whom 在口語和非正式語體中常用 who 代替，可省略；(2) the man who/whom you met just nowis my friend.*

3、3. which 指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略(1) football is a game which is liked by most boys . which在句子中做主語(2) this is the pen which he bought yesterday . which在句子中做賓語 * 4. that 指人時，相當于 who 或者 whom ；指物時，相當于 which ，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略；(1) the people that/who come to visit the cityare all here. 在句子中做主語(2) wh

4、ere is the man （that/whom）i saw this morning . 在句子中做賓語 * 5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語(1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor .(2) i lived in a house whose roof has fallen in . whose 指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3) the classroom whose door is brokenwill soon be repaired.=the classroom the door of which is brok

5、enwill soon be repaired. 4do you like the bookwhose color is yellow .=do you like the bookthe color of which is yellow.* 詳細使用時仍要留意以下問題：1、只能使用 that, 不用 which的情形：* 1） 當先行詞是： all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它們修飾時； is there anything that i can do for you .有什么可以為你做的嗎？all that can be done mus

6、t be done .凡是能做的都必需做；* 2）當先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時；例如：that is one of the most interestingbooks that are sold in the bookshop .那是這家書店出售的最好玩的書之一；the first thing that we should do is to get some food .我們該做的第一件事是弄點吃的；* 3）當先行詞有：the only , the very , the same , the last等修飾時；例如：my necklace is not the only thing

7、thats missing .我的項鏈不僅是丟掉的東西；* 4）當主句以 who 或 which 開頭時，定語從句中引導詞用 that , 不用 which或 who，以防止重復；例如：who is the girl that is wearing a red coat .正穿一件紅色外套的女孩子是誰？* 5）當先行詞既有人又有物時，用 that；例如：the writerand his novelthat you have just talked about are really well known .你剛才談起的那位作家以及他的小說的確很聞名；2、只用 which 不用 that 的情形

8、：* 1 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時；e.g. this is the room in which lu xun lived.* 2非限定性定語從句中；作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略；e.g. that necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday. he has a daughter, who works in a hospital.* 3 先行詞本身是 that 時；e.g. the clock is that which tells the time非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通常是引導詞和先行詞之

9、間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立；charles smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師；（非限there is somebody here who wants to speak to you 這里有人要和你說話限制性* 4 which 仍有一種特別用法，它可以引導從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念；在這種從句中，which 可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情形下意思是與and this 相像，并可以指人；he did very well in the

10、competition,which made his parents very happy.* 關(guān)系代詞 whom ， which在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一 起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將whom與which與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，that was the roomin which we had lived for ten years.= that was the roomwhich we had lived in for ten years.學習必備歡迎下載* 像 listen to, look at, take care of等固定

11、短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開；例如： this is the boy whom she has taken care of .三、關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句* 1、when ：當主句中的先行詞 即主句中被后面定語從句修飾的詞 是表示時間意義的名詞時， 它只能作定語從句的時間狀語， 放在定語從句句首； 假如定語從句的引導詞是作該定語從句的主語或賓語， 就要改用關(guān)系代詞 that 或 which 來引導；例如：i ll never forget the timewhen we worked on the farm. he arrived in beijing on the daywh

12、en i left.the days when we used foreign oil are gone.我們用洋油的日子一去不復返了；ill never forget the daywhen i was born. =ill never forget my birthday.我永久不會遺忘我誕生的日子；it happened in novemberwhen the weather was wet and cold.這事發(fā)生在天氣又濕又冷的十一月；the day that i always remember in all my life is my birthday.我一生中最難忘的日子是我的

13、生日； that 作定語從句 that i always remember in all my life 的賓語， that 可以省略 * 2、where ：當主句中的先行詞是表示地點意義的名詞時，它只能作其所在的定語從句的地點狀語， 放在定語從句的句首； 假如定語從句的引導詞作該定語從句的主語或賓語時，也要改用關(guān)系代詞that 或 which 來引導；例如：the factory where his father works is in the east of the citythis is the roomwhere in whichi lived last year.這就是我去年住過的房

14、間；is this theclassroomwhere=inwhichtheoldworkeris goingto make/give us a report.這就是那位老工人要給我們做報告的教室嗎？lets look for a place where we can swim.咱們找一個可以游泳的地方吧；the building that is being built over there will be a new hospital.正在那邊建的樓房將是一家新醫(yī)院； 引導詞 that 作定語從句 that is being built over there 的主語that is the f

15、actory that they visited last month.那就是他們上個月參觀過的工廠；引導詞 that 作定語從句 that they visited last month的賓語，that 可以省略 * 留意：不要以為在時間名詞后就肯定用關(guān)系副詞when ，在地點名詞后就肯定用關(guān)系副詞 where ，在表示緣由的 the reason 后就肯定用關(guān)系副詞 why ；究竟選用關(guān)系副詞仍是關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)鍵是看它們在從句中是用作狀語用關(guān)系副詞仍是用作主語或賓語 用關(guān)系代詞 ；如：don t forget the timethat ive told you.不要遺忘我告知你的時間；tha

16、t 用作 told 的賓語ill never forget the days when i worked with you.我永久不會遺忘我與你共事的日子； when 用作狀語 he works in a factorythat /whichmakes radio parts.他在一家制造無線電零件的工廠工作； that/ which在從句中用作主語，且不能省略 he works in the factorywhere his father worked.他在他父親工作過的那家工廠工作； where 作狀語thats the reason that /which he explained to

17、 us.那就是他向我們說明的理由； that 或 which 在從句中用作 explained 的賓語that s the reason why she left home.那就是她離家出走的緣由； why 在從句中作狀語 * 英語中的關(guān)系副詞主要是when,where,why三個，不要想當然地將how 用作關(guān)系副詞修飾 the way ；如不說 this is the way how he spoke ，可改為 this is how he spokehow 引導的是表語從句 ，當然也可說成 this is the way that/in whichhe spoke. 其中的 that/in

18、 which 可省略* 另外， when 和 where 可引導限制性和非限制性定語從句，而why 就只用于引導限制性定語從句，不用于引導非限制性定語從句；sunday is a holiday , when people do not go to work. 星期天是假日，（這天）人們不上班；he took us into the classroom ,where there were only a few students.他把我們帶進教室，那兒只有少數(shù)幾個同學；* 在定語從句的使用中， oneof 后面的名詞是復數(shù)，這個復數(shù)名詞制約后面的定語從句的謂語動詞， 用復數(shù)； 而在 oneof前

19、面有 the 或 theonly 時，后面引導的定語從句中的謂語動詞就用單數(shù)形式；he is theonlyoneofthe students who is elected. jasper isone of those people who knowabout the accident .定 語 從 句 練 習一、用關(guān)系代詞填空： that、which、who 、 whom、whose 1.this is the manwants to see you.2.the studentanswered the question is zhang hua. 3.the manyou went to s

20、ee has come.4.the mani met yesterday lent me some money. 5.the womanyou saw is our geography teacher. 6.the runneryou are asking about is over there. 7.the personyou should write to is mr. ball.8.the manwas passing by saw what happened. 9.here is the penyou lost the day before yesterday. 10.these bo

21、oksyou lent me were very useful.11.the storybooki have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12.a clock is a machinetells people the time. 13.this is shirti bought yesterday.14.a dictionary is a bookgives the meaning to the word.15. the bookis on the table is mine.16. the filmthey are talking about i

22、s very interesting.17.i will never forget the people and the places 18.is there anyonefamily is in beijing.i have ever visited.19.show me the boymother is a well-known singer. 20.the boyfather is a teacher is good at english.二、單項挑選 1. your teacher of chinese is a young ladycomes from beijing.a. whob

23、. whichc. whomd. whose 2. what s the name of the program.a. which are listeningb. you are listening toc. to that you are listeningd. that you are listening 3. the students were all interestedyou told them yesterday.a. in whichb. in that thisc. all thatd. in everything 4. he was the only person in hi

24、s officewas invited.a. whomb. whosec. thatd. which 5. this is the museumwe visited last year.a. whereb. in whichc. whichd. in that 6. charlie told his mother allhad happened.a. thatb. whatc. whichd. who 7. do you know the student.a. whom i often talkb. with who i often talkc. i often talk withd. tha

25、t i often talk 8. i like the housewindows face south.a. whoseb. who sc. itsd. its 9. would you tell me where to get the dictionary.a. what i needb.i needc. which i need itd. that i need it 10. the young womani spoke just now is a young doctor.a. whob. to whomc. whomd. that（ ）11、is this the factoryyo

26、u visited the other day.a. thatb. wherec. in whichd. the one（ ）12、 is this factorysome foreign friends visited last friday.a. thatb. wherec. whichd. the one（ ）13、 is this the factoryhe worked ten years ago.a. thatb. wherec. whichd. the one（ ）14、 mr. herpin is one of the foreign experts whoin china.a

27、. worksb. is workingc. are workingc. has been working（ ）15、thosenot only from books but also through practice will succeed.a. learnb. whoc. that learnsd. who learn（ ）16、we re talking about the piano and the pianistwere in the concert we attended last night.a. whichb. whomc. whod. that學習必備歡迎下載（ ）17、he failed in t