高考英語專題復習：英語八類狀語從句的用法歸納

1、高考英語專題復習：英語八類狀語從句的用法歸納一、概說狀語從句即指在主從復合句用作狀語的從句。按照其意義，狀語從句可分為時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句等。狀語從句是高中英語學習中的一個語法重點，也是歷年高考重點考查的內(nèi)容之一。學習狀語從句主要應注意引導狀語從句的從屬連詞的用法與區(qū)別，以及從屬連詞在一定的語言環(huán)境中的意義與用法。種類連接詞注意點時間狀語when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as, hardlywhen,

2、no soonerthan, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly主句表示將來意義時，從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時；while引導的從句中動詞一般是延續(xù)性的；until用在肯定句中主句動詞是延續(xù)性的，而否定句中主句動詞為短暫性的。地點狀語where, wherever原因狀語because, as, since, now thatbecause語氣最強，since較弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as又次之。條件狀語if, unless, once, in case, as long as, on condition that從句中動

3、詞時態(tài)不可用將來時，常用一般時代替目的狀語so that, in order that, for fear thatso that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情態(tài)動詞結(jié)果狀語sothat, suchthat比較狀語than, asas, not so/asas, the morethe more方式狀語as if, as though, asas if 和as though引導的從句一般用虛擬語氣。讓步狀語though, although, even if, even though, as, no matter what, whatev

4、er, no matter who, whoever, no matter which, whichever, no matter how, however, no matter when, wheneveras在讓步狀語從句中常用倒裝形式；although和though用正常語序，可和yet連用，但不可和but連用二、時間狀語從句1. 引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞很多，常見的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等。2. 表示“當時候”的 while, when, as 的用法區(qū)別是：while從句中的謂

5、語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞；表示帶有規(guī)律性的“每當”或當主、從句謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生有先后時，只能用 when；當表示“一邊一邊”或“隨著”時，只能用 as。另外，用于此義的 as 所引導的時間狀語從句謂語只能是動作動詞，不能是狀態(tài)動詞。如下面一道高考題的答案是 b 而不能是a：“im going to the post office.” “_ youre there, can you get me some stamps?”a. asb. whilec. becaused. if3. until 在肯定句中通常只連用延續(xù)性動詞，表示相應動作結(jié)束的時間；在否定句中通常連用非延續(xù)性動詞，表示相應動作開

6、始的時間，意為“直到才”。如：he waited until she was about to leave. 他等著一直到她準備離開。i did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才開始工作。4. 表示“一就”除用 as soon as 外，還可用 the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no soonerthan, hardlywhen 等。如：i came immediately you called. 你一來電話我就來了。hardly ha

7、d she arrived when it began to snow. 她剛到就下起雪來了。the moment i have finished ill give you a call. 我一干完就給你打電話。5. every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等以 time 結(jié)尾的詞語也可用作連詞，引導時間狀語從句。如：next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你進來，請關(guān)門。he didnt

8、tell me anything the last time i saw him. 上次我見到他時他什么也沒告訴我。by the time i got home, she had already gone to bed. 我到家時她已睡覺了。三、條件狀語從句1. 引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有 if, unless, as so long as等。如：dont come unless i telephone. 除非我打電話，否則你別來。if you watch carefully you will see how to do it. 如果你仔細瞧你會看出該怎樣做。as long as you

9、 do your best, well be happy. 只要你盡力，我們就滿意了。2. in case 也可引導條件狀語從句，其意為“如果”、“萬一”。如：in case i forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了，請?zhí)嵝盐?。四、讓步狀語從句1. 引導讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有 although, though, however (=no matter how), even if(即使), whetheror(不論還是)等連詞。如：the speech is good, though it could be better. 這次演講不錯，雖然還可

10、以再好一點。he went out even though it was raining. 盡管下雨，他還是出去了。2. as 也可引導讓步狀語從句，但要將名詞、形容詞或副詞等提到 as 前，若提前的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，要省略 a / an。如：teacher as he is, he cant know everything. 雖然是老師，他也不可能什么都懂。3. 連詞 while 有時也可表示“盡管”、“雖然”，引導讓步狀語從句。如：while we dont agree we continue to be friends. 盡管我們意見不同，我們還是朋友。4. whatever, whoev

11、er, however, whenever, wherever 等引導讓步狀語從句。如：dont lose heart whatever you do. 不管你做什么，都不要灰心。whoever you are, you cant pass this way. 不管你是誰，你都不能從這里通過。注：表示“雖然”的 though, although 不可與 but 連用，但可與 yet, still 連用。五、原因狀語從句1. 引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that)等：they cant have gone out

12、 because the lights on. 他們不可能出去了，因為燈還亮著。since you are going, i will go. 既然你去，我也去。now that we are alone, we can speak freely. 現(xiàn)在我們單獨在一起，可以隨便談了。2. 除以上提到的大家比較熟悉的引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞外，when有時也可引導原因狀語從句，其意“既然”。如：i cant tell you when you wont listen. 既然你不想聽，我就不告訴你了。3. 有關(guān)原因狀語從句還應注意以下幾點(from )：(1) as 與 since, now t

13、hat 一樣表示雙方都知道的原因，通常位于主句前，且均不可用于強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)被強調(diào)。(2) 當表示直接的因果關(guān)系，回答 why 時，或有 only, just, all, partly, not, but 等副詞修飾時，或用在強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中都只能用 because。(3) for 有時也可引出表示原因的分句，但它只能位于后面，對前一分句加以解釋或推斷。(4) 不要受漢語意思影響將表示“因為”的連詞與表示“所以”的 so 連用。六、地點狀語從句引導地點狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有where (在的地方), wherever(無論什么地方), everywhere(每個地方), anywhere(任何地方)。如

14、：im not living where i was. 我不在原處住了。you cant camp where wherever, anywhere you like these days. 如今你可不能隨便在哪兒宿營。everywhere i go, i find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里，我都發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣情況。2. 有的同學認為地點狀語從句在平時見得不多，誤認為考試不會涉及，但恰恰相反，地點狀語從句卻是高考經(jīng)?？疾榈囊粋€知識點。請看以下考題：(1) when you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any

15、 questions.a. at which b. at where c. the place where d. where (2) after the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. a. that b. where c. which d. when (3) you should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again. a. when b. where c. then d. there(4) she foun

16、d her calculator _ she lost it. a. where b. when c. in which d. that 以上四題均選where，其意為“在的地方”，用以引導地點狀語從句。七、目的狀語從句1. 引導目的狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如：i hired a boat so that i could go fishing. 我租了一條船去釣魚。take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 帶著雨衣以防下雨。he studied hard

17、in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力學習，是為了能通過考試。2. 引導目的狀語從句的 so that 有時可省so 或 that，即單獨用 so 或 that 來引導目的狀語從句。如：check carefully, so any mistake will be caught. 仔細檢查，以便任何錯誤都可檢查出。bring it closer that i might see it better. 拿近些，使我能看得清楚些。八、結(jié)果狀語從句引導結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有so that, sothat, suchthat等。如：he was so

18、angry that he couldnt speak. 他氣得話都說不出來(from )。he shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他關(guān)窗子用力很大，結(jié)果玻璃震破了。注：sothat和suchthat中的that有時(尤其在口語中)可省略。九、狀語從句的省略時間、地點、條件、讓步、方式狀語從句等的主語與主句主語相同時，有時可用省略形式。如：he fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework他在做著功課時睡著了。fill in a proper preposition wher

19、e (it is) necessary. 在需要的地方填上適當?shù)慕樵~。he will come if (he is) asked. 如果請他來，他會來的。he wont come unless (he is) invited. 他不會來，除非邀請他。if (it is) necessary, ring me at home. 如果必要，可以打電話到我家找我。he is better, though (he is) not yet cured. 他好一點了, 雖仍未痊愈。it usually happens as (it is) described above. 情況通常就像上面描述的那樣發(fā)生了

20、。he glanced about as if (he was) in search of something. 他向周圍望了一眼，仿佛在找尋什么。he cleared his throat as if (he was) to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。十、狀語從句考點精要狀語從句在高考單項填空題型中一直倍受青睞，是高考考查的重點項目之一。 根據(jù)狀語從句的用途，將其高考考點分類歸納如下 :一、時間狀語從句:常用來引導時間狀語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有as,when,whenever,while（當。的時候）,before,after,till,until（直到。為止）,a

21、s soon as（一。就。）等。考例1a good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ here aches the end of the story.(2003上海高考) a.when b.unless c.after d.until 考例2come and see me whenever _.(2003北京高考)a.you are convenient b.youllbe convenient c.it is convenient to you d.it will be convenient to you

22、考例3he made a mistake,but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.(2003北京高考) a.until b.when c.before d.as 某些表示時間的副詞、名詞短語和介詞短語也可引導時間狀語從句。如directly,immediately,the instant,the moment,the minute（一。就。）,the day,the year,each /every time（每當）,next time,the first(second,last)time,by the time等。考例4-did

23、you remember to give mary the money you owed her?-yes,i gave it to her _ i saw her.(2001北京、內(nèi)蒙古、安徽春招) a. while b. the moment c. suddenly d. once 二、地點狀語從句常用來引導地點狀語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有where,wherever等。（go/put/put up/play/lay/live/stay/leave/grow up）考例5the famous scientist grew up _ he was born and in 1930 he came to

24、 shanghai.(2002上) when b.whenever c.where d.wherever 三、原因狀語從句常用來引導原因狀語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有because,as,since,now that等?？祭?_ youve got a chance,you might as well make full use of it.(nmet1999) a. now that b. after c. although d. as soon as 考例7the italian boy was regarded as a hero _ he gave his life for his country

25、.(met1985) a. according to b. because of c. on account of d. because 考例8we had better hurry _ it is getting dark.(met1984) a. and b. but c. as d. unless 四、結(jié)果狀語從句：常用來引導結(jié)果狀語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有that, so(that),so.that, such.that等?？祭?we were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.(2003上海高考) a. a rush so

26、 anxious b. a such anxious rush c. so an anxious rush d. such an anxious rush 五、目的狀語從句：常用來引導目的狀語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有that, so that, in order that, in case等。從句的謂語常由cancould，maymight動詞原形構(gòu)成，有時也用shallshould，willwould動詞原形。考例10sally worked late in the evening to finish her report _ her boss could read it first the next

27、 morning.(2003安徽春招) a. so that b. because c. before d. or else 六、條件狀語從句：常用來引導條件狀語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有if, unless , when(如果),suppose, supposing, given that（假如；假使）, in case that （萬一）,on condition that, as /so long as（只要）等?？祭?1_ i know the money is safe,i shall not worry about it.(2003北京高考) a. even though b.unless c

28、.as long as d.while 考例12dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed.(nmet2003) a. unless b. since c. although d. when 考例13i would appreciate it _ you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment.(2003上海春招) a. until b. if c. when d. that 考例14you will succeed in the end _ you give up half

29、way.(2001上海春招) a. even if b. as though c. as long as d. unless 考15i shall stay in the hotel all day _ there is news of the missing child.(2000上海春招) a. in case b. no matter c. in any case d. ever since 七、讓步狀語從句常用來引導讓步狀語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有though, although, as（雖然）, while，even ifthough（即使）, whatever, whoever, which

30、ever, however, whether.or.,no matter who; （無論。）等?？祭?6-dad, ive finished my assignment. -good, and _ you play or watch tv, you mustnt disturb me.(2003上海高考) a. whenever b. whether c. whatever d. no matter 考例17mr. hall understands that _ math has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the student

31、s.(2003安徽春招) a. unless b. since c. although d. when 考例18well have to finish the job,_.(nmet1999) a. long it takes however b. it takes however long c. long however it takes d. however long it takes 八、方式狀語從句常用來引導方式狀語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有as（按照；像。一樣）as if /though（似乎；好象）九、比較狀語從句as.as, not so/as.as, than等?？祭?9john play

32、s football _,if not better than, david.(nmet1994) a. as well b. as well as c. so well d. so well as 練習2007高考題1. i wont call you, _ something unexpected happens. 2007 全國卷i a. unlessb. whetherc. becaused. while2. we all know that, _, the situation will get worse. 2007 全國卷i a. not if dealt carefully wi

33、th b. if not carefully dealt with c. if dealt not carefully with d. not if carefully dealt with3._ he had not hurt his leg, john would have won the race. 2007 全國卷ii a. if b. since c. though d. when4. pop music is such an important part of society _ it has even influenced our language. 2007 上海卷 a. as

34、b. that c. which d. where5. small sailboats can easily turn over in the water _ they are not managed carefully. 2007 上海卷 a. thoughb. before c. until d. if6. _ i really dont like art, ifind his work impressive. 2007 山東卷aas bsince cif dwhile 7. the field research will take joan and paul about five mon

35、ths; it will be a long time _ we meet them again. 2007 安徽卷 a. after b. before c. since d. when8. leave your key with a neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day2007 北京卷a. ever since b. even if c. soon after d. in case9. the village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago. 2007 福建卷 a. whe

36、nb. which c. that d. where10. you will be successful in the interview you have confidence. 2007 福建卷a.beforeb.once c.until d.though11. most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but _ they have eggs or young chicks, they dont use a nest. 2007 湖南卷 a. why b. how c. unless d. where 12. he was told t

37、hat it would be at least three more months _he could receover and retum to work. 2007 江西卷 a.when b.before c.since d.that13. there is a snowstorm or some other bad weal. her, the mail always comes on time. 2007 上海春abecause bifcwhen dunless14. tomorrow, our ship will set sail for macao. 2007 上海春ahowev

38、er the weather is like bhowever is the weather likecwhatever is the weather like dwhatever the weather is like15. it is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _ weve actually had that lesson. 2007 天津卷a. until b. after c. since d. when 16. many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _ they knew

39、 it to be valuable. 2007 浙江卷 a. as if b. now that c. even though d. so that 17. my parents live in a small village. they always keep candles in the house _ there is a power out. 2007 重慶卷a. if b. unless c. in case d. so that18. we had to wait half an hour _ we had already booked a table. 2007 遼寧卷a. s

40、ince b. although c. until d. before2008高考題（全國i卷）31. have you got any idea for the summer vacation?i dont mind where we go _ theres sun, sea and beach.a. as ifb. as long asc. now thatd. in order that（安徽卷）31. -do you have a minute? ive got something to tell you. -ok, _ you make it short. a. now that b

41、. if only c. so long as d. every time（安徽卷）26. all the neighbor admire this family _the parents are treating their child like a friend. a. why b. where c. which d. that（福建卷）28. nancy enjoyed herself so much _ she visited her friends in sydney last year. a. that b. which c. when d. where（湖南卷）33. _ the internet is of great help. i dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it.a. if b. while c. because d. as（山東卷）22. he found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to