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1、定語從句李仕才關(guān)系代詞的用法1(2013湖南卷)Happiness and success often come to those_are good at recognizing their own strengths.AwhomBwho CwhatDwhich解析:句意為:幸福和成功經(jīng)常青睞那些善于意識到自己長處的人。本題考查定語從句。先行詞為those,將先行詞代入定語從句后為:Those are good at recognizing their own strengths.由此可見,先行詞在定語從句中作主語,且表示“人”,故選B項。答案:B2(2013山東卷) Finally he r

2、eached a lonely island_was completely cut off from the outside world.Awhen Bwhere CwhichDwhom解析:句意為:他最后到了一座完全與外面世界隔絕的孤島上。本題考查定語從句。定語從句修飾的先行詞是island,將先行詞代入定語從句后為:The island was completely cut off from the outside world.由此可見先行詞在定語從句中作主語,且先行詞表示“物”。答案:C3(2011山東卷)The old town has narrow streets and small

3、 houses_ are built close to each other.AtheyBwhereCwhatDthat解析:考查定語從句。關(guān)系代詞that代替先行詞small houses,在從句中作主語。句意為:這座古老的城鎮(zhèn)街道狹窄,小房子挨得很近。答案:D關(guān)系副詞的用法4(2013北京卷)Many countries are now setting up national parks_animals and plants can be protected.Awhen BwhichCwhoseDwhere解析:句意為:很多國家現(xiàn)在都在建立國家公園,在那里動物和植物能夠受到保護。本題考查定

4、語從句。先行詞為national parks,代入從句中為:In the national parks animals and plants can be protected.應(yīng)該使用表示地點的關(guān)系副詞,故選D項。 答案:D5(2013浙江卷)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform_visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built. Awhat Bwhere Cwhen Dwhy解析:句意為:博物館將在春天開放,屆時將有一個展覽和

5、一個觀光平臺。參觀者可以從這個平臺觀看正在建設(shè)的大溫室。本題考查定語從句。先行詞為platform,代入定語從句后為:Visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built on the platform.由此可見關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地點狀語,故用where。答案:B6(2011江蘇卷)Between the two parts of the concert is an interval,_the audience can buy icecream.AwhenBwhereCthatDwhich解析:考查定語從句。本題的先行詞是interval,意思

6、是“休息時間”,表示時間,在定語從句中充當時間狀語,因此選擇關(guān)系副詞when。答案:A“介詞關(guān)系代詞”的用法7(2013浙江卷)The children,_had played the whole day long,were worn out. Aall of what Ball of which Call of them Dall of whom解析:句意為:孩子們因為玩了一整天,都已經(jīng)精疲力盡了。本題考查定語從句的用法。先行詞為the children,將先行詞代入定語從句后為:All of the children had played the whole day long.由此可見,先

7、行詞在定語從句中作of的賓語,且先行詞表示“人”,故只能用all of whom。答案:D8(2011江西卷)She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction_had taken more than three years.Afor whichBwith whichCof whichDto which解析:句意為:她帶領(lǐng)游客參觀了這個博物館,建設(shè)這個博物館花了三年多的時間。本題考查非限制性定語從句。由于本題中兩個分句之間既沒有從屬連詞,又沒有并列連詞,所以此處應(yīng)該是一個非限制性定語從句,其中先行詞是the museum和con

8、struction之間具有所屬關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)該用介詞of。答案:Cas與which的用法9(2013新課標卷)“You cant judge a book by its cover,” _.Aas the saying goes old Bgoes as the old saying Cas the old saying goes Dgoes as old the saying解析:句意為:正如古訓(xùn)所說“人不可貌相,海水不可斗量”。本題考查定語從句,先行詞為前面一句話。先行詞在定語從句中作賓語,故選C項。go在此處意為“說”,相當于say,用作及物動詞。答案:C10(2013天津卷)We hav

9、e launched another manmade satellite,_is announced in todays newspaper.AthatBwhich Cwho Dwhat解析:句意為:我們又發(fā)射了一顆人造衛(wèi)星,這件事是在今天的報紙上宣布的。本題考查非限制性定語從句。首先排除A項,因that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;先行詞為前面一句話,先行詞在定語從句中作主語,且表示“事物”,故用which引導(dǎo)。who只用于指人;what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。答案:B11(2013山東卷)There is no simple answer,_is often the case in science.

10、Aas Bthat Cwhen Dwhere解析:句意為:科學(xué)往往如此,它沒有一個簡單的答案。本題考查定語從句。設(shè)空處前有逗號,故判斷設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句??崭裉幍囊龑?dǎo)詞在從句中作主語,排除C、D兩項;that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。答案:A分隔式/分離式/干擾式定語從句12(2013江蘇卷) The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,_he remembers starting as early as his childhood.Awhere Bwhich Cwhat Dwhen解析:句意為:世界銀

11、行主席說他對中國有一種情結(jié),他記得這種情結(jié)始于他的兒童時代。本題考查定語從句。先行詞是a passion for China,在定語從句中作start的賓語,要用關(guān)系代詞,所以選B項。答案:B13(2012浙江卷)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,_,for some reason,had withdrawn from all human society.AwhichBwho CwhereDwhom解析:句意為:埃倫是一個畫鳥類和自然的畫家,出于某種原因,他已退出了所有的社會活動。for some reason為插入語,可將其去掉,這時可以注

12、意到該復(fù)合句中從句缺少主語。根據(jù)從句的語意可確定該從句的主語應(yīng)是指人的,由此可確定答案。該從句為非限制性定語從句,其先行詞為a painter。值得注意的是,有的考生誤將 birds 和 nature 作為從句的先行詞,從而錯選which。答案:B14(2011天津卷)The days are gone_physical strength was all you needed to make a living.Awhen BthatCwhere Dwhich解析:句意為:“體力是謀生的唯一所需”的時代一去不復(fù)返了。本題考查定語從句用法。先行詞為the days,將其代入定語從句后為:On th

13、e days physical strength was all.由此可見先行詞在定語從句中作時間狀語,故用when引導(dǎo)。本題先行詞與定語從句隔開,構(gòu)成了“分割性定語從句”,增加了試題難度。答案:A1定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇應(yīng)該遵循“缺什么,補什么”的原則。2對于“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句,要熟記介詞的選擇標準。3point,situation,case,stage,occasion等在定語從句中作為先行詞時,要正確判斷其后是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞。如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語,則用where或when,否則用that或which。我們可以采用補全法,即根據(jù)句意把從句補充完整,補上去的部分在從句

14、中所作的成分就是引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作的成分。4as引導(dǎo)的定語從句通常有比較固定的句式和標志,熟悉其特點,就很容易識別這種定語從句。5分隔式定語從句的干擾性最強,解決這類題目的關(guān)鍵是把分隔部分去掉,并能夠正確查找先行詞。一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1that用于下列情況:(1)先行詞是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代詞;(2)先行詞被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等詞修飾;(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞;(4)先行詞被the only,the ve

15、ry(正是、恰是),the last修飾;(5)先行詞中既有人也有物;(6)在which或who的特殊疑問句中含有定語從句;(7)先行詞是the way,并在定語從句中充當狀語時,關(guān)系代詞用that/in which或省略關(guān)系詞。 He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country.他談到了他在那個國家所見到的人和所參觀的地方。2whose用來指人或物,在定語從句中只作定語。(2011四川高考)The school shop,whose customers are mainly student

16、s,is closed for the holidays.這家學(xué)校商店大部分的顧客是學(xué)生,因放假而暫停營業(yè)了。(2010北京高考) Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.很少進行體育鍛煉或飲食富含脂肪的孩子體重會增加很快。3who,whom,that這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等。(2010湖南高考)Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who

17、 I met in the English speech contest last year.我已與去年在英語演講比賽中遇到的我校的幾個學(xué)生成為了好朋友。4which用于下列情況:(1)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;(2)關(guān)系代詞充當介詞的賓語,且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前;(3)先行詞本身是that時;(4)引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾前面的整個主句,代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。(2012全國卷)That evening,which I will tell you more about later,I ended up working very late.那天晚上我一直工作到很晚,過后我會告訴你關(guān)于那晚更詳

18、細的情況。二、“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句1考查該結(jié)構(gòu)中關(guān)系代詞的選用。若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前,關(guān)系代詞指人時常用whom,指物時常用which。另外,whose也可以放在介詞后,即“介詞whose名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),whose指人、物皆可。(2012天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith,without whose help I would never have got this far.我希望感謝史密斯教授,沒有他的幫助,我永遠不會走這么遠。2考查該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用。(1)一般來說,確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞,可以從以下三方面入手:先行詞的意義;從句中的動詞的固定搭配

19、;句子的意思。(2)表示“整體和部分關(guān)系”介詞常用of。常見結(jié)構(gòu):在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代詞或數(shù)詞的前/后可以用of which/whom。the比較級或最高級前/后用of which/whom等。(2013重慶高考)John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of whom are family members.約翰邀請了大約40人參加他的婚禮,他們當中絕大部分是家庭成員。Recently I bought an ancient vase,the

20、 price of which (whose price) was very reasonable.最近我買了個古代的花瓶,它的價錢很合理。注意:(1)from where為“介詞關(guān)系副詞”結(jié)構(gòu),但也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。We stood at the top of the hill,from where we can see the town.我們站在山頂上能看到全鎮(zhèn)的景色。(2)像listen to,look at,depend on,pay attention to,take care of等固定動詞短語,在定語從句中不能將介詞與動詞分開。三、as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別1一般

21、情況下,as所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中間皆可,而which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句則只能放在主句之后。(2013安徽高考)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,which made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.莫言被授予2012年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎,這使中國人長久以來擁有的夢想之一變成現(xiàn)實。2當非限制性定語從句的謂語為be announced,be expected,be known,be reported,be

22、 said,be shown等被動式謂語時,常用as引導(dǎo)。(2012福建高考)The air quality in the city,as is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months.正如報告所顯示的,在過去的兩個月里,這個城市的空氣質(zhì)量已有所改善。 3as表示整個主句內(nèi)容時,有時含有“正如;正像”等意思,而which無此意。 4在下列固定結(jié)構(gòu)中,關(guān)系代詞as代表整個主句所述的內(nèi)容,一般不用which。 as we know眾所周知 as has been said before如前所述 as is often th

23、e case情況常常如此四、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句當關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時,要用關(guān)系副詞。其中when表時間的介詞(如in,at,on,during等)which;where表地點的介詞(如in,at,on,under等)which;why表原因的介詞(如for)which。關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的先行詞是表示時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。(2013 新課標卷)When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.當我到達時,Bryan帶我去看了我將要住的房子。 The reas

24、on why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒謊。注意:(1)當先行詞為一些表示抽象地點的名詞,如:point,situation,case,stage等時,如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語,常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句;如果不作狀語,則用關(guān)系代詞that/which。Remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.記住在明天的會議上我們還有一點必須弄清楚。 Shes in a h

25、opeless situation,where we will keep a very close eye on her.她處于無望的處境中,在這種情況下我們將密切注意她。(2)先行詞occasions當“時機”講時,用關(guān)系副詞when;當“場合”講時,用關(guān)系副詞where。Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.我有時間陪我的孩子們一天的機會很少。五、定語從句與其他從句的區(qū)別 1考查非限制性定語從句與并列句的區(qū)別。區(qū)分辦法主要看前后句之間是否有and,but等并列連詞或分號等的存在。若

26、有,則為并列句;如果只有逗號,且逗號后的內(nèi)容是對前面某一名詞的補充說明,則為非限制性定語從句。(2012四川高考)In our class there are 46 students,of whom half wear glasses.(定語從句)In our class there are 46 students,and half of them wear glasses.(并列句)2考查主語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別。重點考查it,what和as的選用。常見的考查結(jié)構(gòu):(1)“It be done(如:said/suggested等)that從句(that從句是主語從句,it是形式主語)

27、”意為“據(jù)/人們(說/建議等)”。(2)“What be done(如:said/suggested等)is that從句(that從句是表語從句,what引導(dǎo)主語從句)”意為“所(說/建議等)的是”。(3)“As be done (如:said/suggested等),主句(as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)”意為“正如所(說/建議等)的那樣,”。It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.(主語從句)What is require

28、d in the regulations is that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.(主語、表語從句)As is required in the regulations,you should not tell other people the password of your email account.(定語從句)3考查the same,such,so引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別。the same,such,so可以與as或that搭配。as引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,前面名詞或代詞

29、要在從句中充當成分;而that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句,從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整。Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.(定語從句)Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem that none of us worked them out.(結(jié)果狀語從句)上學(xué)期數(shù)學(xué)老師考試出題太難,沒有一個人能解出來。1(2014四川省南充市第一次適應(yīng)性考試)My favorite wri

30、ter is Mo Yan,some of _novels have a surprising ending.AwhomBhis Cwhose Dwhich解析:考查定語從句。此處為“不定代詞of關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句,關(guān)系代詞在從句中作定語,所以用whose。答案:C2(2014濟南四校聯(lián)考)The new policy only covers such people_have made great contributions during the war.Awho Bwhom Cwhich Das解析:考查定語從句。句意為:這項新政策只適用于那些在戰(zhàn)爭中作出卓越貢獻的人。空處引導(dǎo)

31、定語從句,修飾people,且people被such修飾,因此只能用as引導(dǎo)定語從句。答案:D3(2014山東省蒙沂六校聯(lián)考)_is often the case with old people,my grandfather is fond of doing morning exercise.AAs BWhich CWhat DIt解析:考查定語從句。此句考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句,as在此指代后面句子的內(nèi)容,既可位于句首,也可位于句中。句意為:就像其他老人一樣,我祖父也喜歡晨練。答案:A4(2014江西九校第二次聯(lián)考)A lot of lovers chose to get marrie

32、d on Dec.12,2012,_the date,the month and the year match.Athat Bon whichCin which Dwhich解析:考查定語從句。句意為:很多戀人選擇在2012年12月12日這一天結(jié)婚,這是因為在這一天日期、月份與年份都一樣。因為從句缺少時間狀語,所以應(yīng)用which指代先行詞;當先行詞是某個日期,且年月日完整時,介詞應(yīng)該用on。答案:B5(2014蘭州名校階段檢測)Sarah Brightman,_will fly to space in 2015,is the first woman to fly there in the field of music.Awho Bthat Cwhich Dwhose解析:考查定語從句。句意為:莎拉布萊曼將于2015年飛往太空,她將是音樂界第一個飛往太空的女士。句中的先行詞為Sarah Brightman且在非限制性定語從句中作主語,所以用who引導(dǎo)。答案:A6(2

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