高考英語語法：帶你走出虛擬語氣的迷宮!

1、資料來源：來自本人網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理！祝您工作順利！高考英語語法：帶你走出虛擬語氣的迷宮! 導(dǎo)讀：教書育人楷模，更好地指導(dǎo)自己的學(xué)習(xí)，讓自己不斷成長。讓我們一起到一起學(xué)習(xí)吧!下面網(wǎng)的我給你們帶來了高考英語語法：帶你走出虛擬語氣的迷宮!供考生們參考。 【高中語法系列】帶你走出虛擬語氣的迷宮! 什么是虛擬語氣?是的，我們要學(xué)習(xí)虛擬語氣就必需先弄明白它的概念。 虛擬語氣包含兩種：一種指與事實(shí)相反或不行能發(fā)生。虛擬條件句+虛擬主句的構(gòu)造都屬于這一類;even if、even though、as if、as though引導(dǎo)的狀語中假如需要用到虛擬語氣也屬于這一類;wish、would rather后面接的賓語從

2、句表示不行能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，還是屬于這一類。 另一種指與事實(shí)實(shí)際是否發(fā)生沒有挺直關(guān)系。如和suggest、order、demand等表示建議、指令、要求等相關(guān)的名詞性從句都屬于這一類。 大家知道以上兩類虛擬語氣后，我們就從從句的角度來系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)虛擬語氣。緊跟小簡教師的步伐哦! 一. 虛擬條件句中的虛擬語氣 1、表示與如今事實(shí)相反的狀況 從句：if+主語+did(be動(dòng)詞用were) 主句：主語+ should/would/might/could+do if i were you,i would take an umbrella. 假如我是你，我會(huì)帶把傘。(事實(shí)：我不行能是你) if i knew h

3、is telephone number,i would tell you. 假如我知道他的電話號(hào)碼，我就會(huì)告知你。(事實(shí)：不知道) if there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 假如沒有水和空氣，地球上就不會(huì)有生物。(事實(shí)：地球上既有空氣也有水) 2、表示與過去事實(shí)相反的狀況 從句：if+主語+had+done 主句：主語+should/would/might/could+have done if i had got there earlier,i should/would have me

4、t her. 假如我早到那兒，我就會(huì)見到她。(事實(shí)：去晚了) if he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 假如他聽我的勸說的話，就不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。(事實(shí)：沒有聽我的話) 3、表示與將來事實(shí)相反的狀況 從句：if+主語+were to do if+主語+should+do if+主語+過去式(be動(dòng)詞用were) 主句：主語+should/would/might/could+do if he should come here tomorrow,i would talk to him. 假如他明天來這兒的話，

5、我就跟他談?wù)劇?事實(shí)：不行能來) if there were a heavy snow next sunday,we would go skating. 假如下周日下大雪，我們就去滑冰。(事實(shí)：不行能下雪) if she were to be here next monday,i would tell her about the matter. 假如她下周一來這兒的話，我就會(huì)告知她這件事的始末。(事實(shí)：不行能來) 留意事項(xiàng)： 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間句： 即虛擬條件狀語從句與虛擬主句中謂語動(dòng)作的時(shí)間不全都。 if i had worked hard at school,i would be an engine

6、er,too. 假如我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我如今也會(huì)成為一個(gè)工程師了。 if they had informed us,we would not come here now. 假如他們通知過我們的話，我們?nèi)缃窬筒粫?huì)來這里了。 if he knew her,he would have greeted her that day. 假如他認(rèn)識(shí)她的話，他確定會(huì)去問候她了。 虛擬條件句中的省略： 當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞含有were,should,had 時(shí)，if 可以省略，這時(shí)條件從句要用倒裝語序，即把were,should,had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書面語。 should he agree to

7、go there,we would send him there. 要是他容許去的話，我們就派他去了。 were she here,she would agree with us. 假如她在這兒的話，她會(huì)同意我們的。 had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here. 假如他懂一些電腦學(xué)問的話，我們已經(jīng)聘用他來這里工作了。 用其它形式表達(dá)虛擬條件： 虛擬條件狀語從句有時(shí)不表達(dá)出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或用其它方式表示出來。如without，but for(要不是.)等。 but for his hel

8、p,we would be working now. 要不是他的關(guān)心，我們還會(huì)在工作呢。 without your instruction,i would not have made such great progress. 要是沒有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會(huì)獲得如此大的進(jìn)步。 we didnt know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我們不知道他的電話號(hào)碼，否那么我們就會(huì)給他打電話。 在虛擬語氣的從句中，動(dòng)詞be的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用were，不用was。 if i were you,i would go to lo

9、ok for him. 假如我是你，就會(huì)去找他。 在虛擬條件句中，should/would/might/could四個(gè)詞只能用should;在虛擬主句中，主語只有是第一人稱時(shí)，才能用should。 if i had got there earlier,i should/would have met her. 假如我早到那兒，我就會(huì)見到她。 if he had got there earlier, he would have met her. 假如我早到那兒，我就會(huì)見到她。 二. 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣 1、表達(dá)和建議、要求、指令、主見等含義相關(guān)的名詞性從句，一律用主語+should+動(dòng)詞原形(

10、should可以省略)構(gòu)造。詳細(xì)涉及到這些動(dòng)詞以及它們的名詞形式： 一堅(jiān)持(主見)：insist 二指令：order，command 三要求：require，request，demand 四建議：suggest，advise，propose，recommend 例如： it was suggested that he(should)join in the club activities.(主語從句) i suggested that he(should)join in the club activities.(賓語從句) my suggestion was that he(should)joi

11、n in the club activities.(表語從句) i had an suggestion that he(should)join in the club activities.(同位語從句) 這四句話表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思：我建議他參加這個(gè)俱樂部的活動(dòng)。 2、表示重要性、必要性、驚訝等時(shí)，一律用it is+形容詞+that+主語+should+動(dòng)詞原形(should可以省略)構(gòu)造。 例如： its important that you (should) study english hard. 努力學(xué)習(xí)英語是很重要的。 its necessary that you (should) pra

12、ise your students as much as possible. 盡可能多的表揚(yáng)你的同學(xué)是有必要的。 it is strange that she (should) not have been invited. 很驚奇她竟然沒有被邀請(qǐng)。 3. wish 后面所跟的賓語從句，其謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣(意為要是/但愿就好了)，其形式主要有三種： 表示對(duì)如今狀況的虛擬：wish+一般過去時(shí)的賓語從句 表示對(duì)過去狀況的虛擬：wish+ 過去完成時(shí)的賓語從句 表示對(duì)將來狀況的虛擬：wish+ would/could+動(dòng)詞原形 i wish it were spring all year roun

13、d. 我盼望一年四季都是春天。 i wish it would be fine tomorrow. 我盼望明天天氣好。 she wished she had stayed at home then. 她盼望她當(dāng)時(shí)待在家里。 if only 后接從句也用虛擬語氣，其形式與wish的用法全都。 would rather 后面所跟的賓語從句，其謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣(意為寧愿.)，其形式主要有兩種： 表示對(duì)如今/將來狀況的虛擬：wish+一般過去時(shí)的賓語從句 表示對(duì)過去狀況的虛擬：wish+ 過去完成時(shí)的賓語從句 三. 其它從句中的虛擬語氣 1、虛擬語氣用在狀語從句中 由as if 或 as thoug

14、h 所引導(dǎo)的方式狀浯從句，假設(shè)從句與事實(shí)相反，那么要用虛擬語氣。其形式如下： 主句+as if/ though +主語+一般過去時(shí)(從句的動(dòng)作與如今事實(shí)相反) 主句+as if/ though +主語+would/could+動(dòng)詞原形(從句的動(dòng)作與將來事實(shí)相反) 主句+as if/ though +主語+過去完成時(shí)(從句的動(dòng)作與過去事實(shí)相反) he talks as if he knew all about it. 他說起來似乎知道這件事的全部一樣。 she speaks english well as if she had studied in america. 她說英語很好，似乎過去在美國

15、待過一樣。 he learns english so hard as if he would go abroad. 他學(xué)英語如此努力，似乎他要出國一樣。 由 even if 或 even though 所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，假設(shè)從句與事實(shí)相反，那么從句和主句都要用虛擬語氣。其形式如下： 主句+even if/ though +主語+一般過去時(shí)(從句的動(dòng)作與如今事實(shí)相反) 主句+even if/ though +主語+would/could+動(dòng)詞原形(從句的動(dòng)作與將來事實(shí)相反) 主句+even if/ though +主語+過去完成時(shí)(從句的動(dòng)作與過去事實(shí)相反) even if you were

16、nt her son, she would treat you like this. 即使你不是她的兒子，她也會(huì)這樣對(duì)待你的。 i would have married her even if she had been penniless. 即使她身無分文，我也會(huì)和她結(jié)婚。 2、虛擬語氣用在定語從句中 在it is (high) time that句型中也用虛擬語氣，從句常用過去式，有時(shí)也用should+動(dòng)詞原形，表示該做而沒做的事，含建議的意味。 it is time that we went home.=it is time that we should go home. 我們?cè)摶丶伊恕?

17、it is time we left. =it is time we should leave. 我們?cè)撟吡恕?it is time we summed up our results.= it is time we should sum up our results. 我們?cè)摽偨Y(jié)我們的成果了。 別只會(huì)用to be honest 每天學(xué)會(huì)一個(gè)表達(dá)，一年就能脫口而出純粹的英語!提起本分說，許多人腦海里自然而然出現(xiàn)to be honest。其實(shí)除了可以這樣說，還可以用別的表達(dá)方式喲! to be candid to be candid， i love the girl. 本分說，我宣誓，我愛那女孩。 frankly frankly， i think you are talking nonsense. 本分說，我認(rèn)為你是在講廢話。 in all hone