畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)PLC控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

1、自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)1、總體設(shè)計(jì)方案1.1、總體設(shè)計(jì)思路自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)的基本功能就是對(duì)投入的錢幣數(shù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算，然后根據(jù)運(yùn)算結(jié)果做出相應(yīng)的判斷，看看哪種商品可以進(jìn)行購(gòu)買，哪種商品不能購(gòu)買，本次課程設(shè)計(jì)的要求是可識(shí)別三種錢幣，分別是1元、2元、5元，采用三個(gè)按鈕進(jìn)行模擬，自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)共出售四種貨物，其價(jià)格分別定為1元、3元、4元、6元，當(dāng)投幣數(shù)大于等于貨物價(jià)格時(shí)且售貨機(jī)里有這種貨物時(shí)，指示燈亮，表示可以進(jìn)行購(gòu)買，四種貨物分別用四個(gè)小燈代替進(jìn)行模擬。除此之外，本次設(shè)計(jì)還涉及了顯示、找零、送貨等功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)，其中顯示部分采用數(shù)碼管進(jìn)行顯示，顯示投幣總數(shù)和購(gòu)買后的余額；當(dāng)按下找零按鈕后，數(shù)碼管顯示進(jìn)行清零，采用

2、從高到低遞減的形式進(jìn)行清零，例如：當(dāng)余額為17元時(shí)，按下找零按鈕后，先找三個(gè)五元數(shù)碼管分別顯示12、7、2，然后再找2元，清零。送貨部分采用小車直線運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行模擬，將四種貨物分別送到四個(gè)不同的地點(diǎn)，采用四個(gè)光電開(kāi)關(guān)分別代表四個(gè)不同的送貨地點(diǎn)，當(dāng)按下不同的送貨按鈕后，小車會(huì)以其對(duì)應(yīng)的光電開(kāi)關(guān)為終點(diǎn)做直線往返運(yùn)動(dòng)，表示送貨過(guò)程由于售貨機(jī)的全部功能是在上位機(jī)上模擬的，所以售貨機(jī)的部分硬件是由計(jì)算機(jī)軟件來(lái)模擬替代的這些并不會(huì)影響實(shí)際程序的操作，完全能模擬現(xiàn)實(shí)售貨機(jī)的運(yùn)行。1.2、plc總體設(shè)計(jì)流程以下為plc的一般工作過(guò)程流程圖。 圖一 plc工作過(guò)程流程圖2、硬件設(shè)計(jì)我們本次采用的是西門子公司的s72

3、00系列plc，它可以提供4種不同的基本單元和6種型號(hào)的擴(kuò)展單元，其系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成包括基本單元、擴(kuò)展單元、編程器、存儲(chǔ)卡、寫(xiě)入器、文本顯示器等。2.1、i/o地址分配本次課程設(shè)計(jì)的主要i/o分配如下：表一 i/o地址分配輸入單元plc地址輸出單元plc地址投幣1元i0.1a貨物顯示q1.0投幣2元i0.2b貨物顯示q1.1投幣5元i0.3c貨物顯示q2.0送貨（a貨物）i0.4d貨物顯示q2.1送貨（b貨物）i0.5找零出口q2.2送貨（c貨物）i0.6出貨口q2.3送貨（d貨物）i0.7電機(jī)正轉(zhuǎn)q2.6找零i0.0電機(jī)反轉(zhuǎn)q2.5數(shù)碼個(gè)位顯示i0.0i0.3數(shù)碼十位顯示i0.4i0.7限位開(kāi)關(guān)s1

4、i1.0限位開(kāi)關(guān)s2i1.1限位開(kāi)關(guān)s3i1.2限位開(kāi)關(guān)s4i1.32.2、中間繼電器分配 表二 中間繼電器分配中間繼電器功 能中間繼電器功 能m0.0送a貨m1.2電機(jī)反轉(zhuǎn)m0.1限位開(kāi)關(guān)s1m1.3電機(jī)正轉(zhuǎn)m0.2限位開(kāi)關(guān)s2m1.4電機(jī)正轉(zhuǎn)m0.3送b貨m1.5電機(jī)反轉(zhuǎn)m0.4送c貨m1.6電機(jī)正轉(zhuǎn)m0.5限位開(kāi)關(guān)s3m2.0送貨延時(shí)m0.6送d貨m2.1送貨延時(shí)m0.7限位開(kāi)關(guān)s4m2.2送貨延時(shí)m1.0電機(jī)反轉(zhuǎn)m20.0找零m1.1電機(jī)正轉(zhuǎn)2.3、整體系統(tǒng)工作流程整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的整體工作流程如圖二所示圖二 整體工作流程圖2.4、硬件接線圖 圖三 硬件接線圖2.5、實(shí)物接線圖圖四 實(shí)物接線圖

5、3、軟件設(shè)計(jì)4、程序調(diào)試在整個(gè)程序的調(diào)試過(guò)程中，我遇到了一些問(wèn)題，最初的設(shè)計(jì)比較簡(jiǎn)單，只是將投幣，購(gòu)買的過(guò)程考慮進(jìn)去，而沒(méi)有將購(gòu)買之后送貨的過(guò)程加進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)的方案中，后來(lái)在老師的提醒之下，我又將送貨的過(guò)程采用了小車直線運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行模擬，將四個(gè)光電開(kāi)關(guān)模擬成四種貨物的送貨地點(diǎn)，分別在按下四個(gè)送貨按鈕之后，將貨物送到四種地點(diǎn)，使得整個(gè)系統(tǒng)更加完善，功能更加強(qiáng)大。在數(shù)碼顯示的過(guò)程中也遇到了一些問(wèn)題，數(shù)碼顯示時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸所用到的中間繼電器和后來(lái)送貨時(shí)的中間繼電器發(fā)生了沖突，使得程序運(yùn)行過(guò)程發(fā)生了紊亂，后來(lái)在同學(xué)的幫助下，我明白了問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵，將其解決，使數(shù)碼顯示功能順利實(shí)現(xiàn)。在最后的送貨過(guò)程中，由于有四個(gè)地點(diǎn)，

6、所以要對(duì)電機(jī)的正反轉(zhuǎn)分別進(jìn)行控制，最初我是將所有的正轉(zhuǎn)輸入都采用了q2.6進(jìn)行驅(qū)動(dòng)，所有的反轉(zhuǎn)輸入都采用了q2.5進(jìn)行驅(qū)動(dòng)，當(dāng)程序運(yùn)行時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)得不到預(yù)期的現(xiàn)象，經(jīng)檢查程序沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，后來(lái)經(jīng)過(guò)考慮和同學(xué)的提醒，采用中間繼電器進(jìn)行驅(qū)動(dòng)，現(xiàn)象就出現(xiàn)了，實(shí)現(xiàn)了最初預(yù)想的送貨過(guò)程。在找零階段，最初只是按下找零按鈕后直接將數(shù)碼顯示清零，后來(lái)經(jīng)過(guò)思考和老師的提醒，將找零部分又逐步進(jìn)行了完善，將找零的過(guò)程在數(shù)碼管上顯示了出來(lái)先找大面額的錢幣，后找小面額的錢幣，其內(nèi)部進(jìn)行減法運(yùn)算，使得整個(gè)找零的過(guò)程清晰可見(jiàn)。在購(gòu)買貨物的過(guò)程中最初忽略了如果貨物售完該怎么辦，后來(lái)經(jīng)過(guò)完善將貨物的數(shù)量進(jìn)行了設(shè)定，只有當(dāng)投幣金額大于等

7、于所要購(gòu)買的貨物時(shí)，且貨物數(shù)量大于零時(shí)才能進(jìn)行購(gòu)買，這使得整個(gè)過(guò)程更加完善。g an employment tribunal claiemployment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.you may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dism

8、isses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.for more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seedismissal.you can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. however, if you win you

9、r case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. if your application is received

10、after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i.if you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underfurther help.employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need t

11、o give evidence under an oath or affirmation.most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. if you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underfurther help.if you are being represente

12、d by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. this is known as adamages-based agreement. in england and wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.if you

13、are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clear about the terms of the agreement. it might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a citizens advice bureau. to find your nearest cab, including those that give advice by e-mail,

14、click onnearest cab.for more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeemployment tribunals.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will at

15、tend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against c

16、skafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side adde

17、d: we found no racist insults from fans of cska.age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. may be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; may be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind

18、has been very messy, in my mind constantly. always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開(kāi)頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?；蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個(gè)不同的日子過(guò)成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過(guò)去，對(duì)自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來(lái)，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏?？傆X(jué)得自己自己似乎應(yīng)該去做

19、點(diǎn)什么，或者寫(xiě)點(diǎn)什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺(jué)到有些事情，非做不可了。the end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？during my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for new year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; jun

20、ior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in

21、 the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年時(shí)，覺(jué)得壓歲錢和新衣服是過(guò)年必備

22、，但是隨著年齡的推進(jìn)，會(huì)越來(lái)越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無(wú)；初中時(shí)，以為要有一場(chǎng)暗戀才意味著真正的成長(zhǎng)，但三年過(guò)去后，自己心平氣和的寫(xiě)同學(xué)錄的時(shí)候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長(zhǎng)了，好像并沒(méi)有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺(jué)得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個(gè)句點(diǎn)，但畢業(yè)晚會(huì)的時(shí)候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來(lái)再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場(chǎng)，看著他投過(guò)籃球的球框時(shí)，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely,

23、 have to do, and time.原來(lái)，這個(gè)世界上，對(duì)某個(gè)事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的，除了非做不可的堅(jiān)決，還有，時(shí)間。a persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. dislike his cowardice, finally fo

24、und that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個(gè)人的時(shí)候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒(méi)有什么可以撼動(dòng)自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時(shí)候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過(guò)自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分

25、，有很多錯(cuò)過(guò)，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強(qiáng)心劑，或者說(shuō)，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。at the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; those were broken into various shapes of stationery; from the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; have declar

26、ed the end of the encounter that havent start planning. those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過(guò)雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場(chǎng)還沒(méi)有開(kāi)始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計(jì)劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted.

27、 r plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our

28、day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expe

29、ct a lot of turbulence.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weathethe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.below, the earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. it will be like he is diving into the shallow end.