語法——非謂語動(dòng)詞

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞12 什么是非謂什么是非謂 語動(dòng)詞??？語動(dòng)詞??？ “非謂語非謂語非謂語非謂語”, ,就是不是謂語的動(dòng)詞就是不是謂語的動(dòng)詞唄唄! !那不是謂語那不是謂語是什么呢？是什么呢？。3英語中一句話只能有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)如果出現(xiàn)更多動(dòng)詞： n 加連詞（and / but / so） n 放入從句 n 變?yōu)榉侵^語動(dòng)詞 45非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞分詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式過去分詞過去分詞67一一. 動(dòng)詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成：由不定式符號(hào)由不定式符號(hào)to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。其否定式由加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。其否定式由not+不定式構(gòu)成不定式構(gòu)成 肯定式：肯定式：

2、to do sth 否定式：否定式：not to do sth. 被動(dòng)式：被動(dòng)式：to be done 完成式：完成式：to have done9To do that sort of thing is foolish.I want to see you this eveningAll you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operat

3、ion. 主語主語 賓語賓語表語表語 定語定語 狀語狀語 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)10常見動(dòng)詞有：常見動(dòng)詞有： want, decide, hope, agree, choose, wish, plan, offer, need , promise，afford，determine，ask, refuse, pretend等。等。不定式作賓語不定式作賓語 I want to know this matter.I dont expect to meet you here.11(1) 常見動(dòng)詞有：常見動(dòng)詞有：12n(2)(2) 主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，動(dòng)詞不定式作動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，動(dòng)詞不定式作動(dòng)詞feel, hear, fee

4、l, hear, see, watch, notice, observesee, watch, notice, observe等感官動(dòng)詞以及等感官動(dòng)詞以及have, let, makehave, let, make等使役動(dòng)詞后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)等使役動(dòng)詞后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)，不定式符號(hào)toto要省略掉。但如果這些句子變成要省略掉。但如果這些句子變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶toto。nI often hear him sing this song.nHe is often heard to sing this song.13n動(dòng)詞不定式在介詞動(dòng)詞不定式在介詞butbut后

5、面時(shí)，如果介詞之前有行后面時(shí)，如果介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞為動(dòng)詞dodo的某種形式，那么這些介詞后的不定式的某種形式，那么這些介詞后的不定式不帶不帶toto；否則就要帶；否則就要帶toto。另外在。另外在cant choose cant choose butbut和和cant help butcant help but等后面的不定式也省略等后面的不定式也省略to.to.nWe could do nothing but wait.nWe had nothing to do but wait.nWe have no choice but to wait.14主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式doingbeing d

6、one完成式having donehaving been done一一. 動(dòng)名詞的基本構(gòu)成：動(dòng)名詞的基本構(gòu)成：15 主語主語 賓語賓語表語表語 定語定語16171819（1）前置定語）前置定語He is a promising young man. Make less noise. Theres a sleeping child. We only sell used books. 我們只賣用過的書。我們只賣用過的書。（2）后置定語）后置定語The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspa

7、per. The question discussed yesterday. The fallen leaves. 1、作定語、作定語202、作表語、作表語分詞作表語表示主語的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如：分詞作表語表示主語的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如：She was too frightened to move.她被嚇得一動(dòng)不動(dòng)。她被嚇得一動(dòng)不動(dòng)。What you said is really inspiring. 你所說的真令從鼓舞。你所說的真令從鼓舞。Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.=When it is seen from space, the ear

8、th looks blue.3、作狀語、作狀語分詞作狀語，表示分詞作狀語，表示時(shí)間時(shí)間、條件條件、原因原因、方式、方式、讓步讓步、伴隨情況伴隨情況等。一般說等。一般說來，來，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語從句所表達(dá)的意思相當(dāng)于一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語從句所表達(dá)的意思. Walking in the street, I came across an old friend.= When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend.21現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動(dòng)完成現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)

9、進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動(dòng)完成1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying.3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. 4. I stood by the door, not darin

10、g to say a word. Given more time, we could do it better.32n獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)n其構(gòu)成為：其構(gòu)成為：“名詞或代詞名詞或代詞( (邏輯主語邏輯主語) )分詞分詞/ /不定式不定式/ /形容詞形容詞/ /介詞短語介詞短語/ /名詞名詞”。此結(jié)構(gòu)在。此結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式狀語等。使句中可作時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式狀語等。使用時(shí)，注意用逗號(hào)與句子的主體部分分隔開來用時(shí)，注意用逗號(hào)與句子的主體部分分隔開來。nThe guests having left, he began to take a short rest.(.(時(shí)間時(shí)間) )n客人們走了，他才開始稍微休息了一下?？腿藗冏吡?，他才開始稍微休息了一下。33nHis leg badly hurt, he had to stay in bed.(原原因因)n他的腿嚴(yán)重受傷，他不得不待在床上。他的腿嚴(yán)重受傷，他不得不待在床上。nThe exam to be held tomorrow, I co