專四語法專題綜述

1、TEM-4 語法復(fù)習(xí)專題 ? TEM-4考試大綱 ? 英語語法點概述 ? ?？颊Z法點分析 ? 讀題- 審題-解題 III、 語言知識（Part III：Language Knowledge） 1、測試要求 （a）掌握并能正確運用基本語法和句法。 （b）掌握認(rèn)知詞匯（5500-6000），并且能正確，熟練地運用其中的3000-4000個單詞及其最基本的搭配。 （c）考試時間10分鐘 2、測試形式： 本部分采用多項選擇題。共20道題，每題有四個選擇項。題目中約50%為詞匯，詞組和短語用法題，其余為語法和句法題。 3、測試目的： 測試學(xué)生掌握詞匯，短語，及基本語法，句法概念的熟練程度。 英語專業(yè)四級

2、（TEM-4） 考試大綱 ?？颊Z法點分析?？颊Z法點分析- 詞法 ? 名詞（復(fù)合名詞復(fù)數(shù)與雙重屬格） ? 代詞（數(shù)、性、人稱） ? 限定詞（排位、與三類名詞搭配） ? 副詞（語法功能、評注性狀語） ? 動詞（動靜態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞） ? 非謂語動詞（獨立主格、邏輯主語、主動表被動） 一、名 詞 ?復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 1. There has been an increasing number of _ in primary schools in the past few years. (2016-16) A. man teacher B. men teacher C. man teachers D. me

3、n teachers 復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式： 1）中間沒有連字符的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)，通常最后一個詞變復(fù)數(shù)：handbooks，bookstores；由man和woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)，兩個詞均要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)：men servants，women writers等 2）連字符連接的復(fù)合名詞，一般把中心或主要名詞變復(fù)數(shù)，editors-in-chief，sons-in-law，movie-lovers；沒有主要名詞時，最后一個詞變復(fù)數(shù)：film-goers（愛看電影的人） 3）部分詞兩者均可：consuls general，consul generals（總領(lǐng)事） 復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，雙重屬格復(fù)合名詞的

4、復(fù)數(shù)，雙重屬格 P57 2. I cant put up with _ . （2016-15） A. that friend of you B. that friend of yours C. the friend of you D. the friend of yours ?名詞雙重屬格名詞雙重屬格 名詞雙重屬格：（P57） ? 即帶有獨立屬格的of詞組：a friend of the doctors. ? 獨立屬格即省略名詞屬格中心詞的屬格結(jié)構(gòu)：her memory is like an elephants，類似于名詞性物主代詞用法：yours，hers ? 表部分：a friend of

5、 my fathers = one of my fathers friends； a friend of a doctors （#）（介詞of賓語必須特指） a cover of the books（#）（介詞of賓語一般指人） the daughter of Mr Greens （#）（雙重屬格修飾的名詞可帶a，any，some等非確定特指的限定詞，通常不帶定冠詞the） ? 表感情色彩，與this和that等指示限定詞連用：this brilliant idea of his；that clever comment of your fathers ? -Who told you that?

6、 -A friend of your fathers. -If he says such things, he is not a friend of my father. 二、代 詞 代詞及其先行項的數(shù)、性、人稱的一致（P86-93, P316） 1. Nobody heard him sing, _? （2016-14, P316） A. did one B. did he C. didnt they D. did they 2. When one has good health，_ should feel fortunate. (2010-16;2015-19) A. you B. the

7、y C. he D. we ? 語法一致原則和意義一致原則 先行項為everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody等復(fù)合詞時，通常按照用語法一致，采用單數(shù)形式。 Everybody talked at the top of his voice ? 非正式語體，也可根據(jù)意義一致原則采用復(fù)數(shù)代詞； ? 尤其為everyone，everybody時，采用復(fù)數(shù)代詞比較自然。 Everyone was clapping their hands 三、限 定 詞 限定詞與三類名的詞搭配，及限定詞排位（P60-65

8、） 1. Which of the following is INCORRECT? (2008-15) A. All his lectures were boring B. half his money was gone C. her few friends are all fond of dancing D. he invited many his friends to the party 2. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? (2010-18) A. all his lectures are very interesting B

9、. half their saving were gone C. many his friends came to the party D. both his sisters are nurses 考點一：限定詞與三類名詞的搭配關(guān)系 考點二：限定詞排位（前中后位限定詞） 3. The additional work will take _ weeks. (2011-19) A. the other B. another two C. other two D. the more 4. Which of the following determiners can be placed before

10、both singular count nouns and plural count nouns? (2012-12) A. many a B. few C. such D. the next 5. The following determiners can be used with both plural and uncountable nouns EXCEPT_ (2013-13) A. many B. enough C. more D. such 6. She is a better speaker than _ in the class. (2016-13) A. any boy B.

11、 the other boys C. other any girl D. all the girls 評注性狀語、常見副詞用法辨析、比較結(jié)構(gòu)；(P273-274; P286; P292; P422) 四、副 詞 1. Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete “_ everybody came”? (2009 -19) A. nearly B. quite C. practically D. almost 2. Which of the following italicized parts modofies an ad

12、verb?(2014-18) A. Do it right now B. That was a very funny film C. I rather like my teacher D. We walked about 6 miles 3. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete “Weve seen the film_”? (2010 -19) A.before B. recently C. lately D. yet 4. What does “He wisely refused to spend his mone

13、y.” ? (2008-17) A. It was wise of him to refuse to spend his money. B. He refused to spend his money in a wise manner. C. He was short of money and didnt want to buy anything. D. He refused, in a wise manner, to spend his money. 5. It is not so much the language _ the cultural background that makes

14、the book difficult to understand. (2011-17;) A. as B. nor C. but D. like 6. It is not so much the language _ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand. (2015-13;) A. but B. nor C. like D. as 7. It is not _ much the language as the cultural background that makes the book dif

15、ficult to understand. (2007-15;) A. that B. as C. so D. very 8. There are as good fish in the sea_ ever came out of it. (2007-11) A. than B. like C. as D. so 9. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably _ a threat to the human race than environmental destruction. (

16、2007-18) A. no more B. not more C. even more D. much more 10. The couple had no sooner got to the station _ the coach left. A. when B. as C. until D. than 基本比較結(jié)構(gòu)的其他模式： ? as+much/many+n+as 分句 He took as much as butter as he needed. ? as+形容詞原級+名詞詞組+as分句 I dont want as expensive a car as this = I dont

17、want a car (which is) as expensive as this ? not so much.as. 與其說.不如說. It wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality ? not more/-er than. 與no more/-er than He is not better than Peter. 他不比皮特好（普通比較結(jié)構(gòu)的否定） He is no better than Peter. 他和皮特一樣壞 （可以理解為該形容詞的反義詞=as bad as） ? not less than./ no le

18、ss than. The audience was not less than 5 thousand. 觀眾不少于五千人 The audience was no less than 5 thousand. 觀眾有五千人之多 ? more/less/fewer+ 名詞+than-分句 She has written more essays than he. 她比他寫了更多文章 She has written not more essays than he. 她寫的文章不如他多。 She has written no more essays than he. 她和他寫的文章一樣少。 You are

19、 more careful than he is. You are not more careful than he is. You are no more careful than he is. You are less careful than he is. You are not less careful than he is. You are no less careful than he is. 你比他仔細。 你不如他仔細。 你和他一樣不仔細。 你不如他仔細（你比他粗心）。 你比他仔細（你不如他粗心）。 你和他一樣仔細。 more/less+ 形容詞+than-分句 五、動 詞 動靜

20、態(tài)動詞，情態(tài)動詞 P111; P191-203；P207 1. “You _ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend. (2007-12) A. could B. should C. must D. can 2. Arent you tired? I _ you had done enough for today. (2009-18) A. should have thought B. must have thought C. might have thought D. could have thoug

21、ht 3. Nancys gone to work but her cars still there. She _ by bus. (2010-12) A. must have gone B. should have gone C. ought to have gone D. could have gone 4. Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESS? (2012-15) A. By now she will be eating dinner B. I shall never do that again C. My bro

22、ther will help you with the luggage D. You shall get a promotion 5. The following are all dynamic verbs EXCEPT_. (2013-20) A. remain B. turn C. write D. knock 6. Which of following is a stative verb? (2015-16) A. drink B. close C. rain D. belong 7. Among the four sentences below, sentence _expresses

23、 the highest degree of possibility. (2016-12) A. it may take a long time to find a solution to the problem. B. it might take a long time to find a solution to the problem. C. it could take a long time to find a solution to the problem. D. it should take a long time to find a solution to the problem.

24、 1. 動靜態(tài)動詞區(qū)分詳見P111 2. 部分情態(tài)動詞可能性比較如下（可能性從小至大，見P207）： might, may, could, can, should, ought to, would, will, must 3. 部分情態(tài)動詞+不定式完成體的意義比較 ? might/could have done 本來可能發(fā)生或本來可能完成卻沒有發(fā)生或沒有完成的動作 ? should/ought to have done 本來應(yīng)該做卻沒有做某事 ? must have done 表推測過去的事態(tài) ? neednt have done 本來不必做卻做了（didnt need to沒做） 六、非謂語

25、動詞 1. It is not common for there _ problems of communication between the old and the young. (2007-19) A. being B. would be C. be D. to be 2. Linda was _ the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute. (2007-14) A. to start B. to have started C. to be starting D. to have been

26、 starting 3. This is one of the issues that deserve_ (2016-17) A. being mentioned B. mentioning C. to mention D. for mention 4. In phrases like freezing cold, burning hot, or soaking wet, the -ING participle is used _ (2011-15) A. as a command B. as a condition C. for concession D. for emphasis 否定形式

27、，邏輯主語，主動形式表被動意義，獨立結(jié)構(gòu)；P168，P251，P375 5. There_ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. (2015-20) A. to be B. to have been C. be D. being 6. Facing the board of directors, he didnt deny_ breaking the agreement. (2013-11) A. him B. his C. it D. its 7. _should not b

28、ecome a serious disadvantage in life and work. (2010-20) A. To be not tall B. Not being tall C. Being not tall D. Not to be tall ?尠桔牥?潴戠履的用法及意義的用法及意義: A. There to be 可以用作一個動詞的賓語,我們通常稱之為復(fù)合賓語,其意義常表示對將來的一種意愿或希望,但目前還沒 存在 。 例: She doesnt hope there to be any quarrel between me and her. 她不希望我們之間有什么爭吵。(對將來

29、的一種希望) ?尠桔牥?潴戠履也可以用在句型尠瑉戠?摡?映牯?尮中。 例: It is important for there to be a free school for the poor children. 給貧困的孩子建一所免費學(xué)校太重要了。 There to be VS There being ?嗚敨敲戠楥杮 的用法及意義: ?尠桔牥?敢湩屧可以用作一個介詞的復(fù)合賓語,跟尠桔牥?潴戠履 不同的是:There 潴戠履 往往表示目前 沒有存在 的事物;而嗚敨敲戠楥杮則通常表示 已經(jīng)存在 的事情。請看: The Chinese are proud of there being the Gr

30、eat Wall in North China. 中國人以在中國北部有個長城而自豪。 注意： there being 作主語： There being a shop here is a great advantage. 這兒有個商店，真是方便極了。 ?尠桔牥?敢湩屧還可以用作副詞,在語法上叫 獨立結(jié)構(gòu) 。如: There being no teacher in the classroom, the pupils began to talk freely. 由于教室里沒有教師,學(xué)生們開始自由交談。 C. 作介詞的賓語一般用There being句式，但當(dāng)是for時一般用there to be句式

31、。 This depended on there being a sudden change. 這需要有一個突然的改變。 The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence. 老師在等著大家都安靜下來。 1）在need，want，require，deserve和bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動含義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。如： The house needs repairing（to be repaired）這房子需要修理。 My clothes need washing（to be washed）我的衣服需要

32、洗了。 2）形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。如： The picture-book is well worth reading （The picture-book is very worthy to be read）這本畫冊很值得一讀。 Such a man as MrSmith is not worth helping （Such a man as MrSmith is not worthy to be helped） 像史密斯先生那樣的人不值得幫助。 This plan is not worth consid

33、ering （This plan is not worthy to be considered）這個計劃不值得考慮。 某些動名詞的主動形式表被動含義某些動名詞的主動形式表被動含義 a當(dāng)nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult， important，impossible，pleasant， interesting等形容詞后跟不定式作狀語，而句子的主語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動含義。如： Japanese is not difficult to learn日語并不難學(xué)。（指日語被學(xué)） The water is unfit to drink這水不適合

34、喝。（指水被喝） The piece of music is pleasant to hear這首音樂聽起來很悅耳。（指音樂被聽） This book is easy to read這本書讀起來很容易。（指書被讀） b當(dāng)動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時，不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。如： I have a lot of work to do today我今天有很多工作要做。（work to do指被做的工作） He has three children to look after他有三個孩子要照看。 （children to look after指孩子被照看） 注意：如

35、果以上句型用動詞不定式的被動形式，其含義有所區(qū)別。如： I have some clothes to be washed我有些要洗的衣服。（衣服不是自己洗） c在there be句型中，當(dāng)動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動或被動式，其含義沒有什么區(qū)別。如： There is a lot of homework to do（to be done）有很多家庭作業(yè)要做。 There are some clothes to wash（to be washed）有些衣服要洗。 某些動詞不定式的主動形式表被動含義某些動詞不定式的主動形式表被動含義 ?語氣（虛擬與祈使） ?語態(tài)（短語動詞的被動語態(tài)）

36、?時態(tài)（完成時，完成進行時） ? 語法成分（同位語/賓語/補語/表語；關(guān)系判斷） ? 主謂一致（主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)表示單數(shù)意義） ? 反義疑問句 ? 從句（主語從句，同位語從句，狀語從句，定語從句） ? 倍數(shù)表達法 ? 感嘆句（how和what引導(dǎo)） ? 句意理解（表目的，命令，請求，強調(diào)，原因等等） 常考語法點分析?？颊Z法點分析- 句法 七、語 氣 判斷，if條件句（省略if倒裝），be型虛擬，錯綜條件句，祈使語氣 P181-188；P395-397 1. It is absolutely essential that William _ his study in spite of some l

37、earning difficulties. (2007-20) A. will continue B. continued C. continue D. continues 2. My boss ordered that the legal documents _ to him before lunch. (2012-14) A. be sent B. were sent C. were to be sent D. must be sent 3. 4. It is essential that he _ all the facts first. (2014-11) A. is examing

38、B. will examine C. examines D. examine 5. It is necessary that he _ the assignment without delay. (2010-17) A. hand in B. hands in C. must hand in D. has to hand in 6. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he _ able to advise you much better than I can. （2015-15） A. will be B. was C. would

39、be D. were 7. If only the patient _ a different treatmentinstead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now. (2007-13) A. had received B. received C. should receive D. were receiving 8. _ your advice, I would have made the wrong decision. (2016-19) A. Hadnt it been for B. Had it not been

40、for C. Had it been for D. Had not it been for 9. The sentence I wish I had been more careful in spending money expresses the speakers _. (2016-20) A. hope B. joy C. regret D. relief 10. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she_ much better results now. (2008-11) A. would be getting B. could

41、 have got C. must get D. would get 11. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier to learn.(2009-11) A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been 12. which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood? (2013-12) A. Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 oc

42、lock B. She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro C. Walk straight ahead, and dont turn till the second traffic lights. D. Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday. 八、反意疑問句八、反意疑問句 1. When you have finished with that book, dont forget to put it back on the she

43、lf, _? (2015-11) A. dont you B. do you C. will you D. wont you 2. She seldom goes to the theatre, _? (2010-15) A. doesnt she B. does she C. would she D. wouldnt she 附加疑問句的肯定與否定，及附加疑問句部分的主語，附加疑問句的肯定與否定，及附加疑問句部分的主語，P316-319 ? 兩個一致：1）附加疑問句部分的動詞與陳述部分的動詞保持一致； 2）附加疑問句部分的主語與陳述部分的主語保持一致 ? 三種類型：1）肯定陳述+否定附加；

44、2）否定陳述+肯定附加； 3）祈使句+附加疑問 3. Which of the following tag questions is INCORRECT? (2014-16) A. Carry his parcel for me, will you? B. Nobody wants to go there, does he? C. Few people know him, dont they? D. Everything is ready, isnt it? 4. When you have finished with that book, dont forget to put it on m

45、y desk,_ ? (2008-16) A. do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont you 5. When you have finished with the book, dont forget to return it to Tim,_ ? (2011-14) A. do you B. will you C. dont you D. wont you 6. Nobody heard him sing, _? （2016-14, P316） A. did one B. did he C. didnt they D. did they 九、主謂一致 主

46、語形式為復(fù)數(shù)表示單數(shù)意義主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)表示單數(shù)意義 P22-37 1. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? (2012-11) A. Twenty miles seems like a long walk to him B. No one except his supporters agree with him C. Neither Julia nor I were going to the party D. Few students in my class are really lazy 2. Which of the followi

47、ng statements is INCORRECT? (2015-11) A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting. B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register C. Either my sister or my brother is coming D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me 3. Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT? (2013-16) A

48、. Politics are the art or science of government B. Ten miles seems like a long walk to me C. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease D. All the furniture has arrived undamaged 4. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? (2014-13) A. Phisics is an important school subject B. The United States bor

49、ders Canada C. The Niagara Falls is in the North America. D. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease 注意以下幾點：注意以下幾點： 語法一致、意義一致、就近原則、就遠原則 復(fù)數(shù)形式表示單數(shù)意義（部分疾病/游戲/國家名稱） 集體名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)意義 并列結(jié)構(gòu) ?特別注意用and但表示單數(shù)意義的詞 ? many a/ each/ every -單數(shù) ? or/ nor/ either .or/ neither.nor/not only .but also -就近原則就近原則 ? 主語+as much as/

50、rather than/ more than/ no less than等從屬結(jié)構(gòu)-就遠原就遠原則則 ? 主語+as well as/ in addition to/ with/ along with/ together with/ except等引導(dǎo)的詞組 -就遠原則就遠原則 十、語法成分 詞或句子的語法成分；關(guān)系判斷；P13-19；P418(同位語) 1. In “how much do you think he earns?” how much is _ of the sentence. (2009-20) A. the subject B. the adverbial C. the o

51、bject D. the complement 2. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object complement? (2014-12) A. The front door remained locked B. The boy looked disappointed C. Nancy appeared worried D. He seemed to have no money left 3. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a predicate

52、-object relationship?(2014-15) A. He was reading Marys letter in the room B. You can buy mens shoes in this shop C. Mrs. Blakes passport was lost D. The enemys defeat brought the war to an end 4. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation? (2015-17) A. The man has a la

53、rge family to support B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother C. He was the last guest to leave D. Mary needs a friend to talk to 5. Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause ?(2011-20) A. We are quite certain that we will get there in time B. He has to face that there will

54、be no pay rise this year C. She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning D. It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days 6. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object? (2011-18) A. What do you think has happened to her? B. Who do you think the visiting

55、 professor is? C. How much do you think he earns every month? D. How quickly would you say he would come? 7. Which of the following reflexive pronouns is used as an appositive? (2012-13) A. He promised himself rapid progress B. The manager herself will interview Mary C. I have nothing to say for mys

56、elf D. They quarreled themselves red in the face 8. Which of the following italicized parts functions as a subject?(2012-17) A. We never doubt that her brother is honest B. The problem is not who will go but who will stay C. You must give it back to whoever it belongs to D. It is clear that the crim

57、e wa done deliberately 9. Which of the following italicized parts serves as an appositive? (2013-17) A. He is not the man to draw back B. Larry has a large family to support C. Tony hit back the urge to tell a lie D. There is really nothing to fear 10. Which of the following italicized parts functio

58、ns as a object?(2012-18) A. He doesnt like the idea of my speaking at the meeting B. It is no use your pretending not to know the matter C. My parents strongly object to my going out alone at night D. Her falling into the river was the clamax of the whole trip 11. All the following sentences have an

59、 appositive EXCEPT _ (2012-19) A. She bought herself a pair of new shoes B. Only one problem still remains-the food C. My friends all understand and support me D. She liked her current job, teaching English 十一、從 句 主語從句，同位語從句，狀語從句P349;P354-356，定語從句P381 1. _ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me

60、 to work overtime without pay (2009-12) A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whichever D. However 2. I am very interested in _ she told me. (2009-14) A. all that B. all which C. all what D. that 3. We consider _ he should have left without telling anyone beforehand. (2009-15) A. strange why B. it strange what