語法總復(fù)習(xí)05年1

1、英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)05年n各種時(shí)態(tài)n現(xiàn)在式, 過去式, 進(jìn)行式, 完成式n句型: if 非真實(shí)條件句3閱讀: 瀏覽全文, 看文章的首尾段/句, 看4 個(gè)問題和選項(xiàng), 看反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞,以便找到中心; 不要字字翻譯,以防影響速度.n閱讀時(shí)不要翻譯,把專有名詞看著是個(gè)整體,:時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，組織名,人名等n注意長難句的句子結(jié)構(gòu);不會(huì)的單詞跳過去,通過上下文猜意思;n注意連詞,關(guān)聯(lián)詞: n固定搭配,按意群瀏覽n帶著問題找答案n做題時(shí)找與中心思想有關(guān)的選項(xiàng)n注意使用排除法n找絕對(duì)意義的詞:only, the greatest, none, all, every, any, seldom, never, etc.

2、4完型填空: 看兩遍: 第一遍不看選項(xiàng),瀏覽全文,自己腦子里做一遍答案. 第二遍看選項(xiàng),正式做題. 注意: 整體性，搭配性, 重復(fù)性二 主觀題(書面表達(dá)):作文(120字) : 理解題義,先想再寫.n 注意檢查:n 句子的完整性n 主謂,時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的一致性n 拼寫的正確性n 全文的連貫性練習(xí)1 I _ (see) never such a performance.2 The mother _ (leave) not the room until the child fell asleep3 Why cant I smoke here?At no time_ in the meeting-roo

3、m A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit4 Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is.A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man known n答案:n1 have never seen ;2 didnt leave n3 is smoking permittedn4 did man kno

4、wn當(dāng)否定詞語置于句首以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 其他否定詞no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only等。正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time. Not until的句型，為倒裝句=Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the n19th century.練習(xí)練習(xí):非真實(shí)條件句非真實(shí)條件句n1 If they _(be) here, they would help you.n2 If sh

5、e had worked harder, she _(succeed) n3 The rice would not have been burnt if you _(be) more careful. 4 If he _ (be) not ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.5If you _ (succeed) succeed, everything would be all right.n答案: 1 were 2 would have succeeded 3 had been 4 had not

6、been 5 were to 非真實(shí)條件句非真實(shí)條件句n1）時(shí)態(tài)：表示過去，現(xiàn)在和將來的情況。其基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)退后。na. 同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。n條件從句 主句 一般過去時(shí)should( would) +動(dòng)原b.表示于過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。條件從句 主句過去完成時(shí) should(would) have+ 過分詞n If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him abou

7、t it.n含義：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.=He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.nc.對(duì)將來的假想 n 條件從句 主句一般過去時(shí) should+ 動(dòng)原 were+ 不定式 would + 動(dòng)詞原形 should+ 動(dòng)詞原形nIf you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would

8、be all right.n引導(dǎo)名詞性從句為三類：n連接詞：that, whether, if 不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分）連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.n 連接副詞：when, where, how, whyn不可省略的連詞：1. 介詞后的連詞n2. 引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.n We heard the news that our team had won.n比較：whether與if 均為是否的意思。 但在下列情況下，whet

9、her 不能被if 取代： 1. whether引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首 2. 引導(dǎo)表語從句 3. whether從句作介詞賓語 4. 從句后有or not Whether he will come is not clear.n練習(xí)n1 The boy is _ young that he cant go to school. (so/such)2 He is _ a young boy that he cant go to schooln3 Lets go out for a walk _( unless/ if) you are too tired.4 You will be late _ y

10、ou leave immediately. n答案n1 so; 2 such 3 unless 4 unlessnsothat與suchthat之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。 The boy is so young that he cant go to school.連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種。非真實(shí)條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。 unless = if not. = If you are not too tied, lets go out for a w

11、alk.You leave immediately or you will be late.n練習(xí)n1 They completely ignore these facts _( if, as if) they never existed.2 He looks as if (as though) he _(hit) by lighting.n3 He stared at me as if _ (see) me for first time.n4 The waves dashed on the rocks as if _in anger.答案: 1 as if, as though 2 had

12、been hit 3 seeing 4 /n引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反，有時(shí)也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。n They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. n 他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí)，就仿佛它不存在似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）n2 他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實(shí)相反） It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看來天氣很快就會(huì)好起來。n（實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。）n說明：a

13、s if / as though也引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分詞短語/不定式短語或無動(dòng)詞短語，例如：n3他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。 He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。4 波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒。表示時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語for, just, yet, since already. 現(xiàn)在時(shí): 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)n練習(xí)1.I _(leave) home for school at 7 every morning.2.Columbus proved that the earth _(be) round.3.I _(n

14、ot want) so much.4. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.5 Now I _(put) the sugar in the cup.6. I _ ( do) my homework now.n1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，時(shí)間狀語:n every, sometimes,at, on Sundayn2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí),格言。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. Pride goes before a fall.驕者必?cái)　Ｗ⒁猓嘿e語從句中，謂

15、語也用現(xiàn)在時(shí)Columbus proved that the earth is round.n3) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。 Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.n第5句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)(操作演示的瞬間動(dòng)作)。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第6句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志。將來式will, be going to, shalln練習(xí)1 Someday a dog _ (come) up.2 If you _make a journey, yo

16、ud better _(get) ready for it as soon as possible.3 _ you (be) at home at seven this evening?4 What_( do) tomorrow?5 The play _( produce) next month。一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)n1)shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。Which paragraph shall I read first.2)be going to +不定式，表示將來。a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。What are yo

17、u going to do tomorrow?b. 計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.n 答案:nwill, are going to , get, will, are you going to ,is going to be producedn用于條件句時(shí)， be going to表將來 will表意愿nNow if you will take off your clothes, we

18、 will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.nbe to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。be going to 表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。n1）下列動(dòng)詞：ncome, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.n2）倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，如： Here come

19、s the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.n3）在時(shí)間或條件句中。nWhen Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. Ill go for my hometown if it doesnt rain tomorrow.練習(xí)n1 He _(visit) her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. n2 He

20、said he_ ( not give) me a present unless I_ (succeed) in doing the experiment.n3 The museum _(open) at ten tomorrow.n答案n1 is going to visit; arrives他一到北京，就去看他姨媽。2 would not give; succeed3 opens 博物館明天10點(diǎn)開門。(實(shí)際上每天如此)n時(shí)間/條件句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as,

21、by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately第2句,條件或讓步主語從句中一般不用將來時(shí)。本題有He said，故為過去式。主句用將來時(shí)，用一般過去式代替了過去將來時(shí)n第3句 表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來事項(xiàng)，行程等活動(dòng)。 to v. 不定式+動(dòng)詞原型n1 be +不定式表將來，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.2be about to +不

22、定式，意為馬上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。 進(jìn)行式be+ving n練習(xí)n1.We_( wait) for you.n2Mr. Green _( write) another novel.3The leaves _(turn) red.4 My dictionary _(lose), I have looked for it everywhere but still_ (not find) it.5He _(love) her very mu

23、ch.6 This house _(belong) to my sister.7 Is my bike still _(lie) where I _ (lay) it just now?n 答案:1are waiting; is writing狀態(tài); are turning; is missing; havent found; loves; belongs; lying, laid a. ( 指說話人說話時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情。b. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：重復(fù)性動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。 n She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.nc. 漸變動(dòng)詞：get, grow

24、, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 Its getting warmer and warmer.d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，帶有說話人的主觀色彩。n You are always changing your mind.第4句是一個(gè)仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，由于沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，用完成時(shí)，瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定式時(shí)可用于完成時(shí)。n 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞n1) 事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weig

25、h, measure, continue. n I have two brothers.n2) 心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate. n I need your help.n3 ) 瞬間動(dòng)詞 receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. I accept your advice.4) 系動(dòng)詞

26、remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired. 過去式n1My brother _(fall) while he _(ride) his bicycle and _(hurt) himself.n2 It _ (rain) when they _(leave) t the station.n3 When I _(get) to the top of the mountain, the sun _(shine).4 Mary _ a dress when she cut

27、her finger.n5 As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. 1)過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作答案:1 fell, was riding, hurt;2was raining, left 3 got, was shining; 4was making 5 was reading； felln2） 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。3) 時(shí)間狀語 this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last eve

28、ning, when, whilen第4句割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，用過去時(shí)。when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，“瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)”提供事情發(fā)生的背景n第5句as = when, while，當(dāng)之時(shí)。描述背景時(shí)，用過去進(jìn)行；在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。完成時(shí)have/has+v-ed/done過去分詞n比較過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)比較過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)n1）過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。 n2）過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:yesterday, last week，ago, in1

29、980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語 n共同的時(shí)間狀語:nthis morning, tonight , this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always不確定的時(shí)間狀語n練習(xí)n1 I _(see) this film yesterday.n2 I _(see) this film. n3 Why _ yo

30、u (get) up so early?4 Who _(not hand) in his paper?n5 He _( be) in the League for three years.n6 He _ (join) the League three years ago. 答案1 saw 看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。2 have seen 對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。 3 did 起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過了。4 hasnt handed 有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。5 has been 在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù),是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)6 joined 三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。 She has retu

31、rned from Paris. 她已從巴黎回來了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回來了。 I have finished my homework now. n現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。n練習(xí)n1）在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 Where _ you (go) just now?2）表示在過去一段時(shí)

32、間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。 When I_ (be) a child, I often _(play) football in the street. n3) Whenever the Browns _(go) during their visit, they _(give) a warm welcome. 過去時(shí):答案did, were, played, went, were givennYesterday, last night/week/month, the day before yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。nBe=

33、was /werenDo= did, would, went, took, camenVerb動(dòng)詞+ed (work= worked)nWhen the shot照片appeared, several people were horrified for the weed was deadly night- shade色調(diào)! n 用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。1）動(dòng)詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would.

34、Could you lend me your bike?n3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問、請(qǐng)求、建議等。I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。n一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。Christine was an invalid all her life. (含義：她已不在人間。)Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (

35、含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.( 含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)n指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)n1） 在代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。 All is right. (一切順利。) All are present.(所有人都到齊了。)n2） 集體名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，意為這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員，用單數(shù)時(shí)表示該個(gè)集體。 His family isnt very large.他家不是一個(gè)大家庭。 His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音樂愛好者。n但集合名詞people, police, catt