lesson2代詞課件

1、代 詞By夕 夕pron.定義：代替名詞、形容詞或數(shù)詞的詞就是代詞。它們指人稱和事物，但又不說出他們的名字，所以叫做代詞。分類：1）人稱代詞 2）物主代詞3）反身代詞 4）指示代詞5）疑問代詞 6）連接代詞7）關(guān)系代詞 8）不定代詞英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格1）人稱代詞表示“我、你、他、我們、你們、他們”等的詞叫做人稱代詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格之分。 主格 賓格 主格 賓格第一人稱 I me we us第二人稱 you you you you第三人稱 he/she/it his/her/it they them人稱代詞的語序：單數(shù)形式：（二、三、一） 即：you/ he/ I例

2、：You, she and I all enjoy the music.復(fù)數(shù)形式：（一、二、三） 即：we/ you/ they人稱代詞可用作主語、表語、賓語以及介詞的賓語。1、I am a worker,I work in the factory.我是一個工人，我在工廠工作。2、You are a good teacher.你是一位優(yōu)秀教師。3、She is a little girl.她是一個小女孩。4、Its a heavy box,I cant carry it.這是一個重盒子，我搬不動。5、Its me.Open the door quickly.是我，快開門。6、Dont tell

3、 him about it.不要告訴他這件事情。7、She is always ready to help us.她隨時都在準(zhǔn)備幫助我們。8、Our teacher is very strict with us.我們的老師對我們很嚴(yán)格。人稱代詞中幾個注意的情況：第一人稱單數(shù)代詞“ I(我) ”不論在什么地方都要大寫。I study English every day.我天天學(xué)習(xí)英語。“ we ” 常常代替“ I ”表示一種同讀者、聽眾或觀眾之間的親密關(guān)系。We shall do our best to help the poor.我們將盡全力幫助貧困者?！?she ”常常代替國家、城市、寵物等

4、，表示一種親密或愛撫的感情。I live in China.She is a great country.我住在中國。她是一個偉大的國家?！?it ”有時也可指人。Its me.Open the door,please.是我，請開門。“ they ”有時代替一般人。They say you are good at computer.他們說你精通計算機(jī)。知識點(diǎn)串講“格”首先要清楚主語和賓語舉個例子 I like the book.這里I是主語，the book 是賓語。賓語是接在謂語動詞后的成分。 下面再談主格和賓格這里的“格”其實也就是主語和賓語的不同形式。像Give me the book.

5、這里“我”是做賓語，所以用賓格meI give him the book.這里“我”是作主語，所以用主格I，“他”作賓語，所以用賓格him（主格he）第三“格”是名詞的所有格，表示所屬關(guān)系。它有兩種構(gòu)成方式，即 -s 所有格和 of 所有格。“ -s ”的所有格1、以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞直接加“ ” 其余加“ s ”2、以s結(jié)尾的人名加“ ”或加“ s ”例：1、Have you read Robert Brownings poems?你讀過羅伯特-勃郎寧的詩嗎？2、We accepted the invitation without a moments hesitation我們一點(diǎn)也沒有猶豫就接

6、受了邀請。3、New Yorks population is much larger than Washingtons，though it is not the capital city紐約的人口比華盛頓多得多，雖然它并不是首都城市。在某些習(xí)慣用語中，盡管是表示無生命的名詞，也需要s的所有格。例如：1、The driver escaped the death by a hairs breadth.那個司機(jī)這回真是九死一生。2、Now you may sing to your hearts content.你現(xiàn)在可以盡情地唱了。另外，for friendships sake（為了友情），at a

7、 stones throw（一箭之遠(yuǎn)）， at ones fingers tip（手頭上有），at arms length（保持距離），at ones witsend（黔驢技窮）等都屬此類。也可用于無生命的東西的名詞之后：表示時間的名詞，todays paper.今天的報紙表示國家的名詞，Englands shore.英國的海岸一些表示車，船，用具的名詞，I like the cars design.我喜歡這輛車的設(shè)計?！?of ”的所有格凡不能加 s 的名詞，都可以與of構(gòu)成短語，來表示所有關(guān)系。無生命名詞的所有格也可以這么用。例如：Does anyone know the title of

8、 the novel?有誰知道這部小說的名字？There is a tall maple tree at the end of the road.在這條路的盡頭有一棵高高的楓樹。但有特殊情況：This is a photo of my parents.如果名詞后面有一個較長定語，盡管名詞表示有生命的東西，也可以用這種所有格形式。例如：Did you listen to the speech of the President Clinton over the radio?你聽了克林頓總統(tǒng)的廣播講話了嗎？They have the support of the people of the deve

9、loping countries.他們得到發(fā)展中國家人民的支持。另外補(bǔ)充兩個：雙重所有格和特殊所有格一、雙重所有格所謂“雙重所有格（double genitive）”，是指名詞所有格或名詞性物主代詞同of構(gòu)成的所有格，即“of+名詞所有格”。雙重所有格有以下幾個特征：1）“of+名詞所有格”中的名詞必須表示人，不能表示事物。因此，我們可以說：a play of Shakespeares（莎士比亞的一個戲?。゛ friend of my wifes（我妻子的一個朋友）但卻不能說a funnel of the ships 或 a leg of a tables ，而且該名詞必須是特指的，不能是泛指

10、的。我們可以說：a friend of the doctors（這位醫(yī)生的一個朋友），a novel of the writers（那位作者的一部小說），而不能說a friend of a doctors或 a novel of a writers2）除了修飾的原因外，用雙重所有格主要是由于被修飾詞有排他性的限定詞。如冠詞、某些不定代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、數(shù)詞等。比如我們不能說 an our old acquaintance ，而必須說an old acquaintance of ours（我們的一個老相識）；不能說many their books ，正確的說法是 many books of

11、 theirs（他們的許多書）。再如：This demand of theirs is quite ridiculous.他們的這個要求非常可笑。“This foolish wife of mine thinks Im a great artist，” he said.“我那愚蠢的老婆以為我是個大藝術(shù)家?！彼f道。3）注意區(qū)別下列四種表達(dá)方式含義的差別：one of my brothers friends（雙賓格明確表示我兄弟有一個以上的朋友）a friend of my brothers（雙賓格暗示我兄弟有一個以上的朋友）a friend of my brother（只能說明是我兄弟的朋友）

12、my brothers friend（我兄弟唯一的一個朋友或剛剛談及的那一個朋友）二、特殊所有格若一樣?xùn)|西為兩人共有，則后一個人名用所有格；如果不是兩人共有，而是各有各的，則兩個名詞都用所有格，且其后名詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：The woman dressed in blue is Mary and Alices mother那個穿藍(lán)衣服的婦女是瑪麗和愛麗絲的母親。You should find what the difference between Mr.Smiths and Mr.Blacks cars is你應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)史密斯先生與布萊克先生的汽車的不同之處。2）物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫做物主

13、代詞。物主代詞可分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。示意如下： 形容詞性物主代詞 名詞性物主代詞 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱 my our mine ours第二人稱 your our yours yours第三人稱 his/her/its their his/hers/its theirs形容詞性物主代詞在句中做定語修飾名詞，一般不單獨(dú)使用。例如：1、I love my country.我熱愛我的國家。2、Is this your car?這是你的汽車嗎？3、Some one is looking for you,his name is Tom.有人找你，他的名字是湯姆。名詞性物主

14、代詞可用作主語、賓語、表語以及與“ of ”連接（表示所屬關(guān)系）的定語。常常用來避免與前面提及的名詞重復(fù)，相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”。1、Li Huas bike is red,and yours is green.李華的自行車是紅色的，而你的是綠色的。2、That car is mine,not yours.那輛汽車是我的，不是你的。3、These books are ours.這些書是我們的。4、Whose bag is it?Its hers.這是誰的書包? 是她的。5、Yesterday I met a friend of mine in the street.昨天我在街上碰見了

15、我的一位朋友。1. She is a friend of _. A. my B. mine C. I2. This isnt my pen ,it is _. A. her B. his C. him3. Frank cant find _ dictionary . Can you lend _ to _? A. her , mine , her B. / , yours , he C. his , yours , him英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格1. She is a friend of _. A. my B. mine C. I2. This isnt my pen ,it

16、is _. A. her B. his C. him3. Frank cant find _ dictionary . Can you lend _ to _? A. her , mine , her B. / , yours , he C. his , yours , him英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格it的用法it既是賓格又可以做主格，有時也可以指人。代表前面提到過的事物。如：My pen is missing. I cant find it anywhere.用來指人，主要指嬰兒或者身份不明的人。1)A:Who is knocking at the door? B:It is

17、 me.2)The woman had a baby. It was five months old.表示時間、距離、天氣等。如：It will be sunny tomorrow.作形式主語或者形式賓語。如：1)I found it difficult to learn English well first.2)It is impossible for us to learn a foreign language.it固定句型1、做某事情對某人來說是It is + adj. (+for sb.) +to do sth.例：It is hard for me to do this work.2

18、、輪到某人做Its ones turn to do sth. 例：Its your turn to clean the room.3、是（某人）做某事的時候了Its time (for sb.) to do sth.例：Its time for you to do the homework.4、據(jù)說Its said that 例：Its said that your teacher leave our school.5、某人花費(fèi)做某事It takes sb. some time to do sth.6、自從以來，已經(jīng)有（時間）了。It is / has been + 時段 + since +

19、從句(過去時)7、某人發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為/感覺到做某事是的 findsb. + think + it + adj. to do sth. feel1.I found _ very difficult to make progress in my study . A. its B. it C. that2. It _ my father a whole month to go on business . A. spent B. cost C. took3. It is great fun _ surfing on the Internet . A. go B. to go C. going 英系部落格英

20、系部落格英系部落格英系部落格1.I found _ very difficult to make progress in my study . A. its B. it C. that2. It _ my father a whole month to go on business . A. spent B. cost C. took3. It is great fun _ surfing on the Internet . A. go B. to go C. going 英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格3）反身代詞又叫自稱代詞。表示我自己、你自己、他（她/它）自己、我們自己、你們自己

21、、他們（她們/它們）自己等的詞叫做反身代詞。由第一人稱、第二人稱形容詞性物主代詞和第三人稱人稱代詞賓格，單數(shù)加詞尾self、復(fù)數(shù)加詞尾selves 構(gòu)成。 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱 myself ourselves第二人稱 yourself yourselves第三人稱 himself/herself/itself themselves用法：一）作動詞的賓語與enjoy, hurt, teach, look after等詞連用，表明動作的承受者就是主語本身。1、enjoy oneself = have a good time例：Did you enjoy yourself at the party

22、last night?2、help oneself (to sth.) 隨便吃點(diǎn)什么。后面可接食物，一般用在宴會當(dāng)中，用來招呼客人的用語。例：Help yourselves to some fruit,children.3、hurt oneself 傷害自己例：She didnt hurt herself.4、teach oneslef=learn by oneself 自學(xué)例：Did you teach yourself English? = Did you learn English by yourself?I am teaching myself computer. = I am lea

23、rning computer by myself.5、look after oneself = take care of oneself 照顧自己例：I can look after myself well. = I can take good care of myself.6、say to oneself 自言自語例：Mary said to herself, “ What shall I do?”7、come to oneself 蘇醒例：Soon the lady came to herself.8、make oneself + P.P.(過去分詞) 使自己被別人.例：She did h

24、er best to make herself understood.9、make yourself at home 別客氣，讓自己像在家一樣例：Help yourself to some fish. Make yourself at home.10、lose oneself in 沉浸于./陶醉于.例：They both lost themselves in the beautiful music.反身代詞和介詞連用構(gòu)成介詞賓語二）反身代詞和介詞連用構(gòu)成介詞賓語，即介賓短語1、do sth. by oneself=do sth. alone 自己做例：She has done her hom

25、ework by herself.2、for oneself 為自己例：She made the skirt for herself.3、of oneself 自然而然的、自動的例：The door opened of itself.4、among themselves 在他們中間例：They are discussing the matter among themselves.三）作表語反身代詞可與be動詞或系動詞連用，表示或描述一種感覺、情緒或狀態(tài)。The little boy was myself.注釋：表語用來說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的，表語常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短

26、語、動詞的-ing、從句來充當(dāng)，它常位于系動詞（be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等詞）之后。如果句子的表語也是由一個句子充當(dāng)?shù)?，那么這個充當(dāng)表語的句子就叫做表語從句。系動詞，亦稱連系動詞（Link Verb），是用來幫助說明主語的動詞。作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語，亦稱補(bǔ)語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。四）用作主語同位語或賓語同位語，往往用來加強(qiáng)名詞或代詞的語氣，在句中可置于名詞、代詞之前、之后或句子末尾。1、作主語的同位語1)You will have to do it yo

27、urself.2)He himself wrote the words and music of the songs.3)The child himself drew this picture.2、作賓語的同位語1)I will give the letter to your brother himself.2)Youd better ask Mary herself about it.3)You should ask the children themselves.知識點(diǎn)串講同位語：一個名詞(或其它形式)對另一個名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾、限定或說明，這個名詞（或其它形式）就是同位語。同位語與被它限

28、定的詞的格式要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。用法1由兩個或兩個以上同一層次的語言單位組成的結(jié)構(gòu)，其中前項與后項所指相同，句法功能也相同，后項是前項的同位語其中常用，連接。1）Mr. Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.我們的新老師史密斯先生對我們很好。Mr.Smith是主語our new teacher的同位語，指同一人。2）Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brothers.昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友湯姆。a friend of my brothers是受詞Tom的同位語，指同一人。用法2同位語與其同位成分關(guān)系緊密時不

29、用逗點(diǎn)隔開；同位語對其同位成分只作補(bǔ)充解釋時可用逗點(diǎn)隔開。1）He told me that his brother John was a world-famous doctor.他本人對我講，他的兄長約翰是一位世界聞名的醫(yī)生。（brother和John都是單一的字作同位語，與其同位成分之間不用逗點(diǎn)隔開。）2）Yesterday I talked to my English teacher,Mr. James.昨天我與我的英語老師詹姆斯先生談過了。（同位語Mr. James補(bǔ)充解釋my English teacher，同位語與其同位成分之間可用逗點(diǎn)隔開。）用法3同位語除了表示其同位成分的全部意

30、義外，還可以表示部分意義。1）We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.我們中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。Chinese people是we的同位語。2）He is interested in sports,especially ball games.他喜歡運(yùn)動，特別是球類運(yùn)動。ball games是sports的同位語。1.The man is rich , he can buy _ a lot of things . A. he B. his C. himself2. - What a lovely card ! Where did you buy i

31、t? - I made it by _. A. me B. myself C. itself3. “Help _ to some chicken ,”my mother said to the guests. A. yourself B. yourselves C. your英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格1.The man is rich , he can buy _ a lot of things . A. he B. his C. himself2. - What a lovely card ! Where did you buy it? - I made it by _. A.

32、 me B. myself C. itself3. “Help _ to some chicken ,”my mother said to the guests. A. yourself B. yourselves C. your英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格4）指示代詞表示這個、那個、這些、那些以及it、such、same等詞叫做指示代詞。指示代詞在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語。1、That is a red car.那是一輛紅色汽車。2、What do you like? I like this.你喜歡什么? 我喜歡這個。3、I should say I know that.我應(yīng)

33、該說我知道這件事情。指示代詞this/ that/ these/ those在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語用法：this 和 these 表示在時間上或空間上較近的人或物。1、This is a book.這是一本書。2、These are cars.這些是汽車。3、I am busy these days.我這些日子很忙。that 和those 表示在時間上或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。1、That is not a room.那不是一間房間。2、Those are threes.那些是樹。that 和those 還可以指前文中的事物，this 和 these 指下文中將要講到的事物。他們起一種承

34、上或啟下的作用。I got up late，thats why I missed the bus.我起床遲了，這就是為什么我沒趕上汽車。說明：指示代詞用作主語和定語時，可指人或物；用作賓語和表語時，只指物。如This is my father. this 在句中作作主語，可以指人。但是在Do you know this? 中，this作賓語，此句只能理解為“你知道這個情況嗎？”不能理解為“你認(rèn)識這個人嗎？”this與that用法比較1、用來回指上文提到的事情時，可用this 或 that，但是若要指下文敘述的事情，通常要用 this。a. She married Jim, and this t

35、hat surprised me.b. I want to know this: Is he healthy? 我想知道這一點(diǎn)：他是否很健康。2、在打電話時，通常用 this 指自己，用 that 指對方。Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂,我是吉姆,你是約翰嗎？表替代的that 與 those有時為了避免重復(fù)，可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名詞。a. The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. 中國人口比日本人口多得多。(that = the population)b

36、. His views are close to those of the Socialist Party. 他的觀點(diǎn)接近社會黨的觀點(diǎn)。(those = the views)That和those可作定語從句的先行詞，但this和 these不能，同時，在作先行詞時，只有those可指人。a. He admired that which looked beautiful. 他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。b. He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）c. He admired those which looked beauti

37、ful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。（those指物） The population of Shanghai is larger than _ of Jinan. A. that B. this C. it The radios made in Beijing are as good as _ made in Qingdao. A. that B. these C. those What I want to tell you is _the film will be at eight. A. it B. this C. that英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格 The populati

38、on of Shanghai is larger than _ of Jinan. A. that B. this C. it The radios made in Beijing are as good as _ made in Qingdao. A. that B. these C. those What I want to tell you is _the film will be at eight. A. it B. this C. that英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格辨析：one, it, thatit常用來特指上下文提到的同一事物，用來指可數(shù)名詞或者不可數(shù)名詞。one泛

39、指上下文提及的同類事物中的一份子，用于代替可數(shù)名詞。that常用在比較等級中，代表前面提到的名詞，以避免重復(fù)。The book is mine. It is very interesting.I have some apples. You can have one.The weather of Dalian is much humid than that of Lanzhou.one 同類不同件同類不同件it 同類同件同類同件 The box is in the middle of the room. Move _ away. A. it B. one C. / I have lost my

40、pen. I have to buy _. A. one B. it C. / How nice your bag is! I want to buy _. A. it B. one C. /英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格 The box is in the middle of the room. Move _ away. A. it B. one C. / I have lost my pen. I have to buy _. A. one B. it C. / How nice your bag is! I want to buy _. A. it B. one C. /英系部

41、落格英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格5）疑問代詞表示“誰(who)、誰(whom)、誰的(whose)、什么(what)、哪個或哪些(which)”等詞叫疑問代詞。用法：疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中，疑問代詞一般放在句子的最前面，在句中可用作主語、賓語、表語、定語。疑問代詞疑問代詞指人指人 who(主格主格,主語）主語）whom（賓賓格格，賓語），賓語）whose（所有所有格格，定語），定語）which （主語，（主語，賓語，選擇的賓語，選擇的對象是有范圍對象是有范圍限制的）限制的）指物指物what(主語、賓語和表語，主語、賓語和表語，指人時問指人時問職業(yè)職業(yè))who，whom都表示“誰”，作主語時

42、用who，作賓語時用whom。Who在特殊疑問句中可以替換whom，但當(dāng)疑問詞作介詞賓語時，且介詞又置于句首時，只能用whom。1、With whom did you talk just now?你剛剛和誰講話？2、Who (whom) are you waiting for?你在等誰？what意為“什么”，而which意為“哪一個”。前者問得寬泛，后者問得具體，有明顯限定性的選擇范圍。1、What did he say? 他說什么？2、Which do you like better, apple or banana? 你更喜歡哪一種，是蘋果還是香蕉？which, what在特殊疑問句作定語

43、時，后面必須緊跟一個名詞。What class are you in?1、Who is here just now?剛才誰來這兒？2、Whom are you looking for?你在找誰？3、Whose exercise-book is this?這是誰的練習(xí)本？4、What is this?這是什么？5、Which one do you like,this one or that one?你喜歡哪一個，這個還是那個？which指人或事物，可以作主語和賓語。which選擇的對象是有范圍限制的，回答通常為一個。而who選擇的對象是沒有范圍限制的，回答可指一人，也可指幾個人。1、A: Whi

44、ch country are you from? 你來自哪個國家？ B: I am from china. 我來自中國。2、A: Who will come to meet her? 誰將去接她？ B: Li Xin and Mary. 李欣和瑪麗。who只能指人，用于詢問別人的身份等，可以作主語和表語。what可以作主語、賓語和表語，一般指事物，有時也可以指人，用于詢問別人的職業(yè)。1、A: Who is the girl in red? 那個穿紅衣服的女孩是誰？ B: She is My friend. 她是我的朋友。2、A: What is your father? 你父親是干什么的？ B

45、: He is a teacher. 他是個教師。whose是who的所有格，通常用作定語。whom是who的賓格，用作動詞或介詞的賓語。1、Whose house is far from school? 誰的家離學(xué)校遠(yuǎn)？2、Who(m) did you lend that magazine to? = To whom did you lend this magazine?你把那本雜志借給誰了？疑問代詞還可以引導(dǎo)一個間接疑問句,也就是一個從句。疑問代詞在句中可用作從句的主語、賓語、表語等成分。1、What we should do is still unknown.我們該干什么仍然還不知道。2

46、、I know whom he is looking for.我知道他在找誰。英系部落格英系部落格6）連接代詞疑問代詞在引起從句時，都稱為連接代詞，包括 who/whom/what/where/when/why/how, 它們可以引起：a. 主語從句：1、It hasnt been announced who won the prizes.2、It is clear enough what she meant.b. 賓語從句：1、I dont care what they think.2、Ask her which he wants.c. 表語從句：1、The question is who

47、(whom) we should trust.2、What I want to know is which road we should take.英系部落格英系部落格連接代詞還可以引起不定式，都用作賓語或介詞賓語：1、Tell him what to do.2、Lucy cant decide which to choose.3、They exchanged views on the question of whom to elect.由 ever 構(gòu)成的連接代詞Who, what, which 都可和 ever 構(gòu)成連接代詞（也被稱作連詞），多引起狀語從句。表示“不管.”例：1、Ill f

48、ind the person who did this, whoever he is.2、Whatever happens, Im going.3、Whichever road you take , the drive wont be more than an hour.英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格這類代詞還可以表示“任何.的人（或物）”，在句中可用作：a.主語1、Whoever is responsible will have to pay for the damage.2、Whichever you want is yours.任何東西你想要就歸你。b.賓語1、I just s

49、ay whatever comes into my head.我想說什么就說什么。2、Take whichever seat you like.c.介詞賓語1、I want to speak to whoever is in charge.2、She might live in whichever room she liked.她愿意住哪個房間都可以。注意：whenever, wherever, however 是連接詞，但不是代詞。7）關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞是一種引導(dǎo)從句起連接主句和從句的代詞。關(guān)系代詞有 who、whose、whom、that、which.它們在句中可用作主語、表語、賓語、定語。

50、在主句中，它們還代表著從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞。1、This is the student whose name is Wang Hua.這就是名叫王華的學(xué)生。2、I know what he is coming to get.我知道他來要拿什么東西。3、A plane is a machine which can fly.飛機(jī)是一種能飛的機(jī)器。用法：指代指代所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略that人；物主語；賓語作賓語可省略which物主語；賓語作賓語可省略who人主語；賓語作賓語可省略whom人賓語可省略whose人；物定語不可省略8）不定代詞沒有明確指定代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的詞

51、叫做不定代詞，常用的不定代詞如下：all、any、another、both、each、every、either、every、few、little、many、much、no、none、neither、one、other、some以及由 some、any、no、every 和 body、one、thing 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。用法：不定代詞代替名詞或形容詞。在句中可用作主語、賓語、表語和定語。1、Everybody should be here in time tomorrow.明天大家都要按時到。2、I know nothing about it.這件事情我一點(diǎn)都不知道。3、Thats all I k

52、now.這就是我知道的。4、I go to school everyday.我每天去學(xué)校上學(xué)。具體用法：some 一些、某些、某個、幾個some 一般用于肯定句中。用于疑問句時表示建議、邀請、請求或希望得到肯定回答等。可修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。1、There are a lot of flowers in the garden,some are white,which I like very much.花園里有許多花，一些是白色的,我特別喜歡。2、I am going to get some ink.我去弄點(diǎn)墨水。3、I have some work to do today.今天我有些事情要

53、做。4、They will go there some day.他們有朝一日會去那兒。5、Would you like some coffee with sugar?你要加糖的咖啡嗎？6、Will you have some coffee,please?喝點(diǎn)咖啡嗎？7、Will you give me some water?你能給我些水嗎？8、May I ask some questions?我可以問問題嗎？9、Could I have some apples?我可以吃蘋果嗎？any 一些、任何any 一般用于否定句或疑問句中，any 在句中作主語、賓語、定語。any 作定語時，它所修飾的名詞

54、沒有單復(fù)數(shù)限制，一般多用復(fù)數(shù)，可修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。 any 用在肯定句中，表示“任何”1、Do you have any books?你有書嗎？2、You can come any time.你什么時候都可以來。3、They didnt have any friends here.他們在這里沒有朋友。4、Have you got any questions to ask?你有問題要問嗎？5、Come here with any friend.隨便帶什么朋友來吧。no 無。在句中作定語，表示否定，語氣要比 not any 強(qiáng)。1、She knows no English.她根本就不懂英語。2

55、、I have no bike.我就沒有自行車。none 沒有。表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介詞of(謂語動詞單、復(fù)數(shù)均可)。none能獨(dú)立使用，在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語。意思是“沒有一個人(或事物)”,表示單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。none在句中代替不可數(shù)名詞作定語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。none在句中代替可數(shù)名詞作定語時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1、None of them are workers.他們沒一個是工人。2、Its none of your business.這不礙你的事。3、None of them is/are in the classroom.他們當(dāng)中沒有一個在教室里。4、No

56、ne of us is/are afraid of dogs.我們當(dāng)中沒有一個害怕狗。5、I have many books, but none is interesting.我有很多書，但是沒有一本有趣。all 全部，都。表示三者或三者以上，作同位語時，一般放在系動詞、助動詞之后，行為動詞之前。1、We are all from Canada. 我們都來自加拿大。2、They all like English.他們都喜歡英語。all 和 both 用于否定時表示部分否定。1、All flowers in his garden are not red.他花園里的花并非都是紅色的。2、Both

57、(of them) are not my brothers.他們兩個之中，只有一個是我的兄弟。另外，表示部分否定的詞還有every (everyone)。1、Every man can not be a poet.并非人人都可以成為詩人。2、Both of my parents are teachers. (改為否定句) _ of my parents _ a teacher.both 和 either 以及 neitherboth “（兩者）都”,作主語時看作復(fù)數(shù)；作定語時后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 My parents are both teachers.= Both of my parents ar

58、e teachers.neither “(兩者)都不”,含有否定意義，作主語時謂語用第三人稱單數(shù); 作定語時后跟名詞單數(shù)。Neither answer is right.either “兩者中任何一個”,作主語時謂語用第三人稱單數(shù); 作定語時后跟名詞單數(shù)。 There are trees on either side of the street.= There are trees on both sides of the street.有關(guān)詞組及應(yīng)用both of/either of/neither of1、Both of them swim well.他們倆都游得很好。2、Either of

59、 you goes to Beijing.你們倆隨便誰去北京都可以。3、Neither of them stopped to have a rest.他們倆誰都不停下來休息。英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格 _ of the girls _ him. They asked him for name card. A. Neither; know B. Either; know C. Neither; knows Both of his parents _ teachers. A. is B. are C. was Both of his brothers _ in this hospit

60、al, but neither of them _ a doctor. A. works; is B. work; is C. work; are英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格英系部落格 _ of the girls _ him. They asked him for name card. A. Neither; know B. Either; know C. Neither; knows Both of his parents _ teachers. A. is B. are C. was Both of his brothers _ in this hospital, but neithe