北師大版高一重難點講解Unit8

1、 Module 3Unit 8 Adventure1.risk vt.冒的危險，冒險干 n.冒險，風(fēng)險；危險的人/事物 【精講拓展】 risk sth.冒的危險 risk doing sth.冒險做某事 at the risk of doing sth.冒著的風(fēng)險 take a risk(to do sth.)冒險做某事 take the risk of/in sth./doing sth.甘冒(做)某事的風(fēng)險【典型例句】 He risked his life to save the drowning boy. 他冒著生命危險去救那個溺水的男孩。 朗文當(dāng)代 He who risks nothi

2、ng gains nothing. 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。 朗文當(dāng)代 Whoever you are，dont take the risk of doing a job like that. 無論你是誰，都不要冒險做那樣一份工作。 朗文當(dāng)代 He risked losing his house when his company went bankrupt. 他的公司破產(chǎn)時，他差點連自己家的房子都保不住了。劍橋高階即學(xué)即用 He thinks we shouldnt go ahead with this plan because of the _ of failure. A.future B.pr

3、essure C.worry D.risk2.differ vi.不同，有區(qū)別 【精講拓展】 differ from.in.在方面與不同 differ (with sb.) about/on /over sth.(和某人)就某事意見不同 be different from sb./sth.in sth.在某方面不同于某人或某物 make a difference有影響，起主要作用 make no difference不起作用，沒影響，不重要【典型例句】 Economists differ on the cause of inflation. 經(jīng)濟學(xué)家們對通貨膨脹的原因看法不一。劍橋高階 His

4、 opinion differs entirely from mine. 他的意見與我的意見完全不同。朗文當(dāng)代 It makes a great difference to me.這對我很重要。朗文當(dāng)代 Is there any significant difference in quality between these two items?這兩件東西在質(zhì)量方面有顯著的差別嗎？劍橋高階即學(xué)即用They are different_nature. A.in B.on C.of D.with3.tire vt.疲倦，(使)厭煩，(使)厭倦 【精講拓展】 tire sb.out使某人筋疲力盡 ti

5、ring adj.引起疲勞的，累人的 tired adj.疲勞的，厭煩的 be tired of厭煩 be tired from/with因而疲倦 be tired out累壞了【典型例句】 I am tired of living in the same area. 我厭倦了生活在同一地區(qū)。 朗文當(dāng)代 I am tired from overwork.過度工作使我很疲倦。 朗文當(dāng)代 Let the kids run around in the garden and thatll soon tire them out. 讓孩子們在院子里跑跑吧，他們很快就會筋疲力盡的。劍橋高階即學(xué)即用 翻譯句子

6、 他助人不倦。4.anxious adj.憂慮的，擔(dān)心的；渴望的，急切的 【精講拓展】 be anxious about sb./sth.為而擔(dān)心 be anxious to do sth.渴望做某事 be anxious for sb. to do sth.急于讓某人做某事 with anxietyanxiously焦慮地 【典型例句】 I am anxious for/about his safety.我很擔(dān)心他的安全。朗文當(dāng)代 Im anxious to get home to open my presents. 我恨不得馬上到家去打開禮物。 劍橋高階 They were anxious

7、 that they (should) have everything they want. 他們渴望得到所有他們想要的東西。 朗文當(dāng)代 We waited with great anxiety for more news about the accident. 我們憂心忡忡地等待著有關(guān)這一事故的更多消息。 朗文當(dāng)代 即學(xué)即用 I am anxious_ the result of exam. A.about B.to C.with D.over5.patience n.耐心，耐性，容忍 【精講拓展】 be/get out of patience with對失去耐心 lose ones pat

8、ience with失去的耐心 have no patience with 不能容忍，對沒有耐心 be patient with對有耐心 be patient of能忍受，容許【典型例句】 Ill look into the matter as soon as possible.Just have a little patience. 請耐心點，我會盡快調(diào)查此事。 朗文當(dāng)代 Hes a good teacher，but he doesnt have much patience with the slower pupils. 他是個好老師，但對較遲鈍的學(xué)生沒多大耐心。 劍橋高階Be patien

9、t with hershes very young.對她耐心點她年紀(jì)太小了。 劍橋高階 即學(xué)即用 翻譯句子 她是一位富有耐心和想象力的活潑的年輕婦女。6.break vt.& vi.撕破；摔開；損壞 【精講拓展】 break out(戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)、瘟疫等)突然爆發(fā) break away from逃脫；脫離(政黨等)；打破(陳套等) break down出故障；(計劃等)失敗；(身體，精神等)垮掉；(關(guān)系 或討論)破裂；(化合物等)分解 break in闖入；打斷，插嘴 break into.破門而入；突然起來 break through突破；沖破 break off折斷；(突然)中止，結(jié)束 br

10、eak up打碎；拆散，放假；(集合)結(jié)束 【典型例句】 He likes to break in when others are talking. 別人講話時他喜歡插嘴。 朗文當(dāng)代 The two countries have broken off diplomatic relations with each other. 這兩個國家突然中斷了外交關(guān)系。 朗文當(dāng)代 Fire broke out during the night.夜間突然起火了。美國傳統(tǒng) 即學(xué)即用 完成句子 The police _(驅(qū)散)the crowd.It was wrong of him_(斷絕往來)all his

11、old friends.7.run vi.& vt.跑；開動(機器等)；經(jīng)營；伸展，擴散，流動 【精講拓展】 run out結(jié)束，東西用完了(主語為物，無被動態(tài))；流出 run out of(人)用完了；從中流出/跑出 run across無意中碰到，遇見 run after追逐；追求 run into碰撞；偶然遇到 run over瀏覽；(車輛)碾壓 run through瀏覽【典型例句】 They soon ran out of their food.They soon used up their food. 他們很快用完了食物。 朗文當(dāng)代Let me know if you run ac

12、ross my keys.如果你碰巧看到了我的鑰匙，告訴我一聲。 美國傳統(tǒng)His car ran into the fence.他的汽車撞上了圍欄。朗文當(dāng)代Shes been running after him for years.她追求他多年了。 美國傳統(tǒng)即學(xué)即用Keep the machine_，and you will know how it works. A.run B.running C.to run D.runs8.carry vt.搬，抬，提，拿，背 【精講拓展】 carry on從事，經(jīng)營；繼續(xù)做某事 carry out實施；貫徹；執(zhí)行 carry through進(jìn)行到底，完成

13、 carry about/around隨身攜帶【典型例句】 We should carry out the plan to the full. 我們應(yīng)該不折不扣地執(zhí)行計劃。 朗文當(dāng)代 Despite powerful opposition，they managed to carry their reforms through.盡管遇到了強大的阻力，但是他們還是設(shè)法進(jìn)行了改革。 朗文當(dāng)代 The debate was carried off without any difficulty. 辯論輕松地結(jié)束了。美國傳統(tǒng) He carried through the work.他完成了那件工作。 朗文

14、當(dāng)代即學(xué)即用I carried _my promise. A.off B.away C.out D.at We carried_the discussion. A.on B.off C.about D.at9.various adj.不同的，種種的，各種各樣的 【精講拓展】 variety n.種類，種種 a variety of/varieties of多種多樣的 vary vi.變化，不同，變更，改變 vary with隨而變化 vary from.to.從到轉(zhuǎn)變【典型例句】 The weather varied from very cold to quite mild. 天氣變化很大，會

15、從冷變得相當(dāng)暖和。 朗文當(dāng)代 The shirt is available in a wide variety of colours. 這種襯衫有各種各樣的顏色可供選擇。 朗文當(dāng)代 Her mood varies with the weather. 她的情緒隨天氣的變化而變化。 朗文當(dāng)代 I varied the speed of the drill to get it to work better. 我調(diào)整了鉆頭的速度以使其更好用。 美國傳統(tǒng) 即學(xué)即用 翻譯句子 他多方面的成就給人以深刻的印象。10.back n.背部，反面；vt.使后退/倒退；支持；vi.后退，倒退 【精講拓展】 back

16、 out決定不履行(允諾的事)；食言；打退堂鼓 back sb. on sth.支持某人某事 back up后退，倒車；支持；證實 back away退縮；退卻【典型例句】 He had a lot of evidence to back up his arguments. 他有許多證據(jù)證明自己的觀點。 朗文當(dāng)代 I promised to help and Im not backing out now. 我答應(yīng)過要幫忙，現(xiàn)在我也沒有打退堂鼓。 朗文當(dāng)代 There was an argument because neither side was willing to back down.雙方

17、都不愿意讓步，于是爭論了起來。 美國傳統(tǒng) Dont talk about me behind my back. 不要在背后議論我。 美國傳統(tǒng) 即學(xué)即用 英譯漢Someone must be at the back of this.11.limit v.限制，限定，n.邊界，限度 【精講拓展】 beyond/over the limit超過限度 within limits在一定范圍內(nèi) without limit無限制性 limit sth.to sth.把限定在的范圍內(nèi) be limited to局限于 【典型例句】 His speech was limited to five minutes.

18、 他的演講被限制到五分鐘。 朗文當(dāng)代 Ill help as much as I can，but theres a limit to what I can do. 我會盡力幫忙，但我所能做的也是有限度的。朗文當(dāng)代 Try to limit your talk to ten minutes. 盡量把你的講話限制在10分鐘內(nèi)。 美國傳統(tǒng)即學(xué)即用 完成句子 I cant shoulder such a great responsibility；I know _(能力有限).12.advantage n.有利，有利條件 【精講拓展】 at an advantage有利地，占優(yōu)勢地 take advan

19、tage of乘機利用 gain/win/have an(the)advantage over勝過，優(yōu)于 be of advantage to對有利 to ones advantage對某人有利【典型例句】 Being able to speak another language fluently is a great advantage when you are looking for a job.當(dāng)你找工作的時候，能熟練地說另 一門語言是一種優(yōu)勢。 朗文當(dāng)代 You should take advantage of the fine weather to paint the fence.

20、你應(yīng)該利用這好天氣給籬笆上油漆。 朗文當(dāng)代 His height and reach give him a big advantage over(make him better than)other boxers.他身高臂長，這使他在和其他拳擊手較量時占有很大優(yōu)勢。 劍橋高階 即學(xué)即用You will find it_your advantage to learn some German before you visit Switzerland. A.to B.at C.over D.onget across(使)通過；(使)被理解；(把)表達(dá)清楚【精講拓展】 get about/around

21、走動；(消息等)傳開 get sth.across to sb.向某人表達(dá) get down to sth./doing sth.開始認(rèn)真考慮做某事 get down把寫下來；使悲傷，使沮喪 get along/on with進(jìn)展；與相處 get through熬過困境；接通電話；做完，通過(測試) get over痊愈，克服，戰(zhàn)勝 get rid of擺脫，除去 get into陷入；養(yǎng)成(某種習(xí)慣)【典型例句】 Hes not good at getting his idea across. 他不善于表達(dá)思想。 朗文當(dāng)代 Sooner or later youll get over the

22、 shock. 遲早你會從震驚中恢復(fù)過來的。 朗文當(dāng)代 Im going to get down to studying English this term. 這學(xué)期我要認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)英語了。 朗文當(dāng)代 I telephoned twice，but couldnt get through. 我打了兩次電話，但都沒打通。 美國傳統(tǒng)即學(xué)即用用get相關(guān)詞組填空The news of their secret wedding soon_.The message_at last.A police officer grabbed him，but he_ .as well as除之外(也)，與一樣(程度)【精講

23、拓展】 as well as含義相當(dāng)于not only.but also等，表“不但而 且，既又”。它可以連接名詞、代詞、形容詞、動 詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞及從句。 as well as也可用作介詞，放在句末或句首，含義與用法相當(dāng)于 besides，in addition to。 由as well as連接的復(fù)合賓語并不影響謂語動詞的數(shù)，即as well as后面的部分不應(yīng)看作主語的一部分。 as well as在意義上強調(diào)前者?！镜湫屠洹?He as well as his parents is kind to me.他和他的父母對我都很好。 The stars shine during

24、 the day as well as at night. 星星不僅夜間發(fā)光，白天也發(fā)光。 He can sing as well as，if not better than，John. 如果他唱得不如約翰好的話，起碼是唱得一樣好。1.Chinese differs greatly_Japanese_pronunciation. A.from；in B.with；at C.from；on D.in；from2.Climate here doesnt agree_some of us. I agree_you on this point. A.with；with B.to；with C.to；a

25、bout D.on；with3.The latest_in womens clothes indicate that people now care more about being comfortable. A.tracks B.signs C.directions D.trends4.Do you have any double rooms_？ Oh，let me see if there are any left. A.preferable B.considerable C.possible D.avaiable5.We didnt plan our art exhibition lik

26、e that but it_very well. A.worked out B.worked on C.went out D.carried on6.Angelia looks blue today. Yes，but she wont say _ bothers her. A.why is it that B.that is why C.it is what D.what it is that7._makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A.What B.Who C.Whatever D.Whoev

27、er8.Perhaps that is the only point_I completely agree. A.that B.which C.when D.where9.Look！What a mistake！Why? Sorry ，I_on it. A.dont concentrate B.hadnt concentrated C.hadnt been concentrating D.wasnt concentrating10._in this way，this kind of flower belongs to the subtropical plant. A.Once sorting

28、B.If sorting C.When it sorted D.If sorted分詞 分詞分現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞一、現(xiàn)在分詞doing常表主動，動作正進(jìn)行(也可表經(jīng)常性動作、 狀態(tài)，還可表條件、原因、方式等)，具有動詞、副詞、形容詞的特征。 (1)現(xiàn)在分詞的形式有：主動態(tài)的一般式、完成式；被動態(tài) 的一般式、完成式。(即doing，having done；being done， having been done) (2)現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式表示的動作與句中謂語動詞表示的動 作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生。 She sat there reading the book.她坐在那里看書。 (3)現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式所

29、表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示 的動作時間之前。 Having lived there for many years，he told us a lot about things about the city. 在那個城市居住多年之后，他給我們 講了關(guān)于那兒的很多事情。二、過去分詞(done)常表被動，動作已完成1.定語 A.看作定語的分詞與被修飾詞之間的關(guān)系，存在主動關(guān)系用 現(xiàn)在分詞doing；存在被動關(guān)系用過去分詞done(表動作已完 成)或現(xiàn)在分詞被動態(tài)being done(表被動動作正進(jìn)行) a sleeping baby一個正在睡覺的嬰兒 spoken English英語口語 the

30、building being built now在建的大樓 B.部分不及物動詞的分詞有進(jìn)行與完成之分，無主動、被動意 味。如： developing country 發(fā)展中的國家 developed country 發(fā)達(dá)的國家 changing world 還在變化的世界changed world 變化了的世界falling leaves 正在下落的葉子fallen leaves 落葉boiling water 沸水boiled water 開過的水rising sun 初升的太陽Risen sun 升起了的太陽C.表示人的心理活動的動詞如：amuse，surprise，interest，ex

31、cite，move，please，satisfy，disappoint，worry，tire，frighten，relax，puzzle等，現(xiàn)在分詞常修飾物(表使人如何)，過去分詞常修飾人(表本身如何)。此時的動詞已失去動作意義，是形容詞。excited people激動的人們 exciting news令人激動的消息2.表語 The cup is broken.杯子是破的。 I am very tired.我很累。3.賓補 A.現(xiàn)在分詞doing作賓補，常表主動動作正在進(jìn)行或某一動作或 狀態(tài)一直在持續(xù)。 I found him sleeping.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他在睡覺。 We have the li

32、ghts burning.我們讓燈一直開著。 B.過去分詞(done)作賓補強調(diào)一被動動作已完成或一種狀態(tài)，現(xiàn) 在分詞被動態(tài)(being done)強調(diào)一被動動作正在進(jìn)行。 I have my bike repaired.我把自行車拿去修理了。 We saw shop windows being painted by two workers. 我看見兩個工人正在油漆櫥窗。4.狀語 多表伴隨、條件、時間、原因、結(jié)果、方式，分詞作狀語要看 作狀語的動詞與句子主語之間的關(guān)系。 A.存在主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式doing；現(xiàn)在分詞的完 成式having done(時間上有先后關(guān)系) B.存在被動關(guān)系

33、用過去分詞done(強調(diào)動作已完成)；現(xiàn)在分 詞的被動態(tài)being done(強調(diào)一被動動作正在進(jìn)行)；現(xiàn)在分詞 完成式的被動態(tài)。having been done(強調(diào)一被動動作發(fā)生在句子 謂語動詞所表示的動作時間之前)。 They came into the classroom，singing and dancing. 他們又唱又跳地進(jìn)了教室。Being a student，I must study hard.因為我是學(xué)生，我得努力學(xué)習(xí)。Having time，Ill come to see you.有時間的話我會來看你。Having finished the work，we went ou

34、t for a walk.完成工作后我們就出去走了走。Built in 1900，the bridge is over 100 years old.這橋建于1900年，有100多年的歷史了。Being repaired now，the car cant be used.車還在修，現(xiàn)在用不了。Having been criticized by his teacher，the boy decided to correct his mistakes.那個小孩受到老師的批評后決定改正錯誤。1.While watching television，_. A.the doorbell rang B.the

35、doorbell was rung C.I heard the doorbell ring D.the doorbell was ringing2._from the tallest building，the whole city looks more beautiful. A.See B.Saw C.Seeing D.Seen3.When we got back，we found the gas_but the door remained_. A.burned；locked B.burned；locking C.burning；locked D.to burn；locking4.The ra

36、dio_tomorrow is Marys. A.repairing B.repaired C.to be repaired D.being repaired5._good，the food sold out soon. A.Taste B.Tasting C.Tasted D.To taste6.You cant catch me！Mary shouted，_away. A.run B.running C.to run D.ran7._from his accent，he is from Beijing. A.Judging B.Judged C.To judge D.Judge8._mor

37、e time，I can do it better. A.Given B.To give C.Be given D.Give9.Anyone_to vote must come to the meeting. A.wishing B.desiring C.wished D.hoped10.Things_never come again. A.lost B.losing C.lose D.have lost 1._many times，but he still couldnt understand it. A.Having been told B.Having told C.He had been told D.Though he had been told2._，I went out for a walk. A.There was