語法總復習不定式todo用法歸納一(公開課)

1、to do 否定式否定式：not to do 分析下面的不定式不定式在句子中作什么成分 1 To see is to believe. 2 Your task is to clean the classroom. 3 I expect you to give me some help. 4 She was very busy and had no time to visit her friends. 5 He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.主語主語賓語賓語表語表語賓補賓補定語定語狀語狀語歸納：歸納：to do 在句子中可做：主、賓、表、

2、補、定、狀在句子中可做：主、賓、表、補、定、狀不定式 （一）學習下面句子，歸納用法。 1. To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 2. To catch the 5:00 bus early in the morning is not a good idea. 3. Its important for us to learn English well. 4. It is not a good idea to catch the 5：00 bus early in the morning. 歸納： 不定式作不定式作主語主語，表示，表示

3、具體的某次動作具體的某次動作。若不定式結構。若不定式結構比較復雜，常用比較復雜，常用it 作作形式主語形式主語，真正的主語放在句子，真正的主語放在句子的后面。的后面。 高考鏈接 (1)(真題改編山東)Its standard practice for a company like this one_(employ) a security officer. to employ （二）學習下面句子，歸納用法。（二）學習下面句子，歸納用法。 1. His dream is to be a doctor. 2. My work is to clean the room every day. 3. My

4、 wish is to become a teacher 歸納：歸納： 不定式作不定式作表語表語，表示，表示將來的情況將來的情況，說明主語的內，說明主語的內容。其主語常常是容。其主語常常是wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等表示意向、打算、計劃的詞。等表示意向、打算、計劃的詞。 練習：練習： Your job today is _( clean) the playground. to clean （三）學習下面句子，歸納用法。（三）學習下面句子，歸納用法。 1. The driver failed to see the other car in time.

5、 2. He cant afford to buy the expensive car. 3. I think it useful to learn a foreign language. 4. I feel it my duty to say that you are wrong. 歸納：歸納： 1. 不定式作不定式作賓語賓語，常跟在某些動詞后。不定式作賓語動詞口訣，常跟在某些動詞后。不定式作賓語動詞口訣 決心學會選計劃，拒絕答應想假裝；決心學會選計劃，拒絕答應想假裝； 主動設法愿希望，同意請求幫一幫；主動設法愿希望，同意請求幫一幫； 準備威脅易聲稱，渴望申請敗躊躇。準備威脅易聲稱，渴望申請

6、敗躊躇。 其對應的動詞分別為：其對應的動詞分別為：decide/determine, learn, choose, plan, refuse, promise, want/attempt, pretend, offer, manage, expect/wish/hope, agree, ask/beg, help, prepare, threaten, tend, claim, desire/long, apply, fail, hesitate。固定搭配 2. 若不定式結構比較復雜，通常用若不定式結構比較復雜，通常用 it 作作形形式賓語式賓語，真正的主語放在句子的后面，該，真正的主語放在句

7、子的后面，該用法常見的動詞有用法常見的動詞有think, find, make, believe, consider, suppose, feel等。等。It形式賓語結構：主語+謂語+it+adj./n.+to do sth 3. 一些動詞既可跟動名詞又可跟不定式作賓語，一些動詞既可跟動名詞又可跟不定式作賓語，但是兩種情況下的語義不同。但是兩種情況下的語義不同。 remember to do sth.記住要做某事記住要做某事 remember doing sth.記得做過某事記得做過某事 forget to do sth.忘記要做某事忘記要做某事 forget doing sth.忘記做過某事

8、忘記做過某事 regret to do sth.對將要做的事抱歉對將要做的事抱歉 regret doing sth.對發(fā)生過的事后悔對發(fā)生過的事后悔 try to do sth.設法設法，試圖，試圖 try doing sth.試試看，試一試試試看，試一試 mean to do sth.打算做打算做 mean doing sth.意味著意味著 stop to do sth.停下來做另一件事停下來做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止做某件事停止做某件事 (補充補充) 接接doing形式的動詞及短語形式的動詞及短語 1.動名詞作賓語動名詞作賓語： finish doing sth.完成做

9、某事； enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事； practice doing sth. 練習做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事； avoid doing sth.避免做某事； consider doing sth.考慮做某事； suggest doing sth.建議做某事；mind doing sth.介意做某事； keep doing sth.持續(xù)做某事 2.固定短語固定短語： feel like doing sth.喜歡做某事；be busy doing sth.忙于做某事； be worth doing 值得做某事； have fun doing.做某事高興 spe

10、nd (in) doing sth.花費（時間、金錢）做某事； have difficulties/trouble/problems（in）doing sth做某事有困難； 練習：練習： 1. She had agreed _ (go) and see a movie with him. 2. The man downstairs found it difficult _ (get) to sleep. 3. Im sorry, but I didnt mean_out your secret. But you know, letting out ones secret means_ones

11、feelings. Ato let; to hurt Bletting; hurting Cto let; hurting Dletting; to hurtto goto getC （四）學習下面句子，歸納用法。（四）學習下面句子，歸納用法。 1. They told him not to be late again. 2. The parents dont allow their children to go out at night. 3. She invited me to have dinner with her yesterday歸納歸納1：不定式在某些動詞后不定式在某些動詞后作賓

12、補作賓補要保留要保留to, 如例如例1、2、3 。 常見動詞有常見動詞有tell, advise, allow, ask, expect, force, want, teach, wish, persuade 等。等?！救纾骸救纾篴sk sb to do】 4. I heard her sing todayShe sang wonderfully 5. She was heard to sing today 6. I saw him enter the room. 7. He was seen to enter the room. 8. Dont make the children do su

13、ch heavy work. 9. The workers were made to work 10 hours a day.歸納歸納2：不定式在不定式在感官動詞和使役動詞感官動詞和使役動詞后作賓補要省略后作賓補要省略to, 和賓和賓語是語是主謂主謂關系，強調關系，強調 動作的全過程動作的全過程 ，如例句如例句4、6、8；但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，to不能省略不能省略，如例句，如例句5、7、9。常見動詞有常見動詞有feel（一感），（一感），listen to，hear（二聽），（二聽），let，make，have（三讓），（三讓），look at，see，watch，notice（

14、四看）。（四看）?！局鲃訜o【主動無to， 被動有被動有to】 練習： 1. They were made_(work) the whole night. 2. I have heard him_ (speak) about you often. 3. I decided _(write) rather than to telephone. 4. My father got me _ (wash) all the clothes last night. 5. The children were seen_(run) down the street. 6. Our teacher advises

15、us_ (read) aloud everyday. 7. The cat watched the mouse_ (slide) into the house but did nothing. speakto workto writeto washto runto readslide （五）學習下面句子，歸納用法。 1. Let us give him something to eat. 2. We have much homework to do tonight. 3. Are you going to attend the meeting to be held next Monday? 4

16、. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 5. Do you have the ability to read and write in English? 6. I have no chance to go sightseeing. 歸納：歸納： 1. 不定式作定語常放在名詞或不定代詞后面作不定式作定語常放在名詞或不定代詞后面作后置定后置定語，表示尚未發(fā)生的動作。語，表示尚未發(fā)生的動作。 2. 名詞前有名詞前有first, last, next, only等詞以及最高級修等詞以及最高級修飾時，其后

17、要用不定式。飾時，其后要用不定式。 3. 抽象名詞抽象名詞attempt, ability, chance, desire, determination, decision, plan, way或不定代詞或不定代詞something, nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定語，等后面常用不定式作后置定語， 練習練習 1. The airport _(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 2. Do you have anything _(do) tonight? to be completdto do （五）學習

18、下面句子，歸納用法。（五）學習下面句子，歸納用法。 1. To see distant people clearly, he has to wear glasses. 2. They took me away from my work just to ask me some questions. 3. What has he done to make you so happy? 4. The boy is old enough to go to school. 5. She was not so stupid to do that. 6. I worked hard only to fail

19、at last. 7.There is no doubt that Mrs. Li will be glad to look after the boy. 歸納：歸納： 動詞不定式動詞不定式作狀語可表示目的、原因及結果作狀語可表示目的、原因及結果等。作等。作目的狀語。通常放在句末；為了強調目的或意義，目的狀語。通常放在句末；為了強調目的或意義，也可放在句首；作結果狀語，可用于也可放在句首；作結果狀語，可用于enough to, so.as to, such. as to, only to.以及以及too.to等結等結構中。構中。 練習： 1. _(catch)the early flight，

20、we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 2._(work out) the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. 3._(learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. 4. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the packa

21、ge and tried it on, only _(find) it didnt fit. 5. His father passed away, only_(leave) him a little money. 6. She is too weak _（join）to join us in the outing.To catchTo work outTo learnto findleavingto join三、不定式和疑問詞連用三、不定式和疑問詞連用1. When to start has not been decided. 2. The question is how to do the

22、job well.3. He told me where to find the book.歸納：歸納：疑問詞疑問詞“what, how, when, where, which動動詞不定式詞不定式”結構可作主語、表語和賓語等結構可作主語、表語和賓語等。高考鏈接1.Its no use having ideas only.Dont worry. Peter can show you_to turn an idea into an act. how 一般式一般式表示動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或在謂表示動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或在謂語動詞后面發(fā)生語動詞后面發(fā)生，進行式表示，進行式表示動作正在進動作正在進行

23、行，完成式表示，完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。否定式：否定式： not to do主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式一般式to doto be done完成式完成式 to have doneto have been done進行式進行式 to be doing 五五 熟記三種結構熟記三種結構 1. They had no choice but to move. 2. He could do nothing but wait for the bus. 3. It hurt so much that I couldnt help but cry out in pain. 歸納： 1. have no choice but to do沒有選擇，只能做. 2. can/could do nothing but do 不得不做 3. cant/couldnt help but do 不得不做 比較cant help doing 忍不住做 不定式鞏固練習 一 1. to take, to improve 2. to have heard 3. to be laughed at 4. To succeed 5. inviting, to give 6. to know 三 AB