常見寫作錯誤分析(new)

1、一 不一致（Disagreements）所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致，它還包括了數(shù)的不一致，時態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致等。 Sample 1:When one have money, he can do what he want to. Once one has money, he can do what he wants (to do).Sample 2:A driver should never race your motor without a warm-up.A driver should never race his motor without a warm-up.Sample 3:Whe

2、n one is sick, you dont want company.When you are sick, you dont want company.When one is sick, one doesnt want company.Sample 4:I was extremely sorry you are injured.I am extremely sorry you are injured.二 修飾語錯位( Misplaced Modifiers)Misplaced and dangling modifiers are phrases that are not located p

3、roperly in relation to the words they modify.Misplaced modifiers lead to illogical sentences that are difficult to follow.Modifiers are associated with the closest word they could possibly belong to. When a modifier slips out of place, there arises confusion.英語與漢語不同，同一個修飾語置于句子不同的位置，句子的含義可能引起變化對于這一點(diǎn)中

4、國學(xué)生往往沒有引起足夠的重視，因而造成了不必要的誤解Sample 5：I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.I believe I can do it well and I will know the world outside the campus better.Sample 6: A small book sat on the desk that Sarah had read.A small book that Sarah had read sat on the desk

5、.修改原則A.避免修飾語錯置的關(guān)鍵是使修飾語盡可能靠近被修飾語。B.副詞短語和時間、地點(diǎn)、方式等狀語從句可以萬無一失地置于句首。C.把那些很難安排位置的修飾語置于句首。D.避免因?yàn)橐粋€修飾語和句子中多個成份之間存在潛在的修飾關(guān)系而引發(fā)歧義現(xiàn)象。四句子不完整（Sentence Fragments）在口語中，交際雙方可借助手勢語氣上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解可是書面語就不同了，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會令意思表達(dá)不清，這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫完以后，筆者又想加些補(bǔ)充說明時發(fā)生不完整句不具備完整主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。依賴于特定的語境，能夠獨(dú)立使用并有一定的交際功能。常見錯誤包括：從屬連詞引起的破句，ing分

6、詞和不定式結(jié)構(gòu)引起的錯誤，增添細(xì)節(jié)引起的破句和缺少主語或者謂語動詞的破句。Sample 7:Because the kids thought their wages were too low.Because the kids thought their wages were too low, they demanded a high pay.Sample 8:People worked together on the assembly line. Moving quickly and efficiently. They wanted to make as much money as possi

7、ble.People worked together on the assembly line, moving quickly and efficiently. They wanted to make s much money as possible.Sample 9:There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV ,radio ,and newspaper

8、.Sample 10:A woman to be respected and feared.She is a woman to be respected and feared.Sample 11:He will sure to come and help me.He will be sure to come and help me.Sample 12:We should read books may be useful to us.We should read books which may be useful to us.The girl who had told him about the

9、 concert.The girl who had told him about the concert was gone.修改原則：改正從屬連詞引起的破句時，可以把該從句附屬于其前或其后某個子句上。也可以去掉破句中的連詞。三 懸垂修飾語（Dangling Modifiers）所謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清了解垂懸修飾語（dangling modifier）的特點(diǎn)：修飾語在句中找不到邏輯上被修飾的對象。分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞短語做修飾語修飾句子時，易發(fā)生垂懸修飾現(xiàn)象。Dangling modifiers are verbal phrases or shortene

10、d clauses, often at the beginning of a sentence, that either have nothing to modify or that modify the wrong element in the clauses to which they are attracted. They are likely to create illogical meanings.Sample 13:All being well, the project will be finished in few months.Good luck given, I will e

11、arn more money than all of you.Mary coming back, they discussed it together.Sample 14:At the age of ten, my grandfather died.When I was ten, my grandfather died.Sample 15:To do well in college, good grades are essential.To do well in college, a student needs good grades.Sample 16：Watching the parade

12、, my wallet was stolen.While watching the parade, I had my wallet stolen.While I was watching the parade, my wallet was stolen.修改原則A.明確動作的實(shí)施者，使懸垂成份所修飾的對象成為主句主語。、B.將懸垂修飾語擴(kuò)展成從句。五 詞性誤用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)“詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為：介詞當(dāng)動詞用；形容詞當(dāng)副詞用；名詞當(dāng)動詞用等.Sample 17:None can negative the importance of money.None c

13、an deny the importance of money.Sample 18:Honest is so important for everyone.Honesty is so important for everyone.Sample 19:We all know that fail is the mother of succeed.We all know that failure is the mother of success.Sample 20:Make our cities greener is important. Plant trees and flowers is the

14、 best measure to obtain the goal.Making our cities greener is important. Planting trees and flowers is the best measure to obtain the goal.Sample 21:People can through the internet to get information.People can get information through internet.六 指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人

15、或物關(guān)系不清，或者先后所用的代詞不一致。Sample 22:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.Sample 23:Leave out the word in that sentence because it is too difficult.Leave out the word because with it the s

16、entence would be too difficult.Sample 24:She told my sister that her idea was practicable.She told my sister that my sisters/her own idea was practicable.七 不間斷句子(Run-on Sentences)串句是不用連詞和標(biāo)點(diǎn)而把兩個(或以上)獨(dú)立的句子串在一起的錯誤表達(dá)。有些串句是不用任何標(biāo)點(diǎn)間隔兩個甚至更多的句子；有些串句是在該用句號時濫用逗號，忽略了英語語言中的逗號本身沒有連接句子的功能這一原則。A run-on sentence is

17、a sentence in which two or more independent clauses are incorrectly joined by a comma without a coordinating conjunction or sentence connector. 修改原則A. 把原句分成兩個獨(dú)立的句子Sample 25:Rita decided to stop smoking she didnt want to die of lung cancer. Rita decided to stop smoking. She didnt want to die of lung

18、cancer.The exam was postponed the class was canceled as well.The exam was postponed. The class was canceled as well.B.用并列連詞連接兩個句子。Rita decided to stop smoking, for she didnt want to die of lung cancer.The exam was postponed, and the class was canceled as well.C.用分號連接兩個句子。Rita decided to stop smoking

19、; she didnt want to die of lung cancer.The exam was postponed; the class was canceled as well.八 措詞毛病(Troubles in Diction)Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用詞語的問題Sample 26:The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also caus

20、es/leads to pollution.Sample 27:He finally resolved the problem.He finally solved the problem.九 累贅(Redundancy)言以簡潔為貴。寫句子沒有一個多余的詞；寫段落沒有一個無必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組；能用詞組的不用從句或句子。Sample 28:In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.In spite of his laziness, I like him.十 Faulty Parallelism(錯誤的平行結(jié)構(gòu))兩個(或以上)意思并列的成份(包括單詞、詞組、從句和句子)在寫作時要用同等的語法形式表達(dá)，否則就破壞了其平行結(jié)構(gòu)。Faulty parallelism distra