專插本英語整理后

1、倒裝句:分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。(參照語法結(jié)構(gòu)表50頁) 把謂語全部移到主語之前為全部倒裝；只把助動詞或情態(tài)動詞 放在主語之前為部分倒裝，倒裝主要是為了強調(diào)某一句子成分。1.全部倒裝的情況：地點副詞+謂語動詞+名詞主語There be句型。 以here, there, in, out, up, down, away, now ,then等詞開頭的句子，而且主語是名詞時： Here comes the teacher./ Here he comes. Here you are./ In came the boss. / There he goes. Out rushed the boys. Th

2、en came another problem. On the wall hangs a picture of mine. Under the desk are my shoes. There are some books on the shelf. There is a book and some pens on the desk.部分倒裝: 【需要倒裝的特殊的詞+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語動詞】 1.Only 所修飾的短語或狀語從句放在句首時， Only then did I know the fact. Only in this way can we learn English wel

3、l. Only when he called me did I realize he had come in. 2.含有否定意義的詞，如hardly, never, no, not only, little等放在句首時， Never shall we forget the past. Hardly had he entered the room when the bell rang. Not a single mistake did she make in the exam. Little does she care about herself. Not only is she kind to

4、 us, but she is also very helpful.3.把neither, nor或so 放在句首，表示前面否定的或肯定的 內(nèi)容也適用于后者?！緉either/nor/ so+ 助動詞（助動詞由前面的句子決定其時態(tài)）+主語】 -We cannot go. -Neither/ Nor can they.也不 I dont study French, neither does she.也不 She is a nurse, so am I. 也是 4. So +形容詞/ 副詞+助動詞+主語+that，“如此以致” So good was the weather that we all

5、 went out lying in the sun. So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.5.形容詞/ 副詞+ as +主語+謂語動詞，表示“盡管”Young as he is, he has been to many countries.Hot as it is, people still enjoy the sun.6.虛擬條件句省略 if 的倒裝：If I were you, I would accept him. Were I you, I would accept him.If I had k

6、nown that, I would not have bought the car. Had I known that, I would not have bought the car.If she should ring me up, I would give her my hand. Should she ring me up, I would give her my hand.反意疑問句：分為兩部分，前部分為陳述部分，后一部分為疑問部分?；卮饡r根據(jù)事實回答YES或NO。前后兩部分互為相反。即：前否后肯，或前肯后否。-You didnt go to the library, did yo

7、u?-Yes, I did./ No, I didnt.應(yīng)該注意的問題：1.如果陳述部分帶有否定意義的詞（few, little, hardly, never, no, nobody, nothing, rarely, scarcely, seldom等 ）時，疑問部分應(yīng)為肯定式。These volunteers have little nursing experience, have they?You found nobody to help you, did you?2.如果陳述部分的謂語是wish, 疑問部分應(yīng)是：may+主語。I wish to do something for you

8、, may I ?3.如果陳述部分的謂語是 have/ had to do, 疑問部分應(yīng)是：dont/ didnt +主語。 I have to get the ticket four days ahead, dont I?4. 如果陳述部分的謂語是must, 疑問部分則根據(jù)實際情況來定。 You must be thirsty, arent you? He must have drunk a lot of beer last night, didnt he? She must be going to be promoted, wont she?5.如果陳述部分是由believe, expec

9、t, imagine, think 等詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，疑問部分的動詞應(yīng)以從句中的謂語動詞而定，但疑問部分的否定或肯定則與主句相反。 I cant imagine how pretty she is, is she? I expect he enjoys the party, doesnt he?6.如果陳述部分是祈使句，疑問部分應(yīng)該用shall, will 或wont引導(dǎo)。 Have more coffee, will/ wont you? Lets do it, shall we? Let me do it, will you?7.陳述部分以there be 起始的，疑問部分以be the

10、re反問。 There is no water in the glass, is there? There will be problems to be solved, wont there?8. 陳述部分是感嘆句，疑問部分用動詞的否定式。 What a big house, isnt it? How hard he tried, didnt he?9.陳述部分的主語為someone, somebody, anyone, anybody等，疑問部分的主語用代詞they；陳述部分的主語為something, anything等，疑問部分的主語用代詞it。 Nobody called me whi

11、le I was out, did they? Everybody is excited at the news, arent they? Nothing is impossible, is it?反意疑問句小練 1. Few people would agree with this, _? A. did they B. would theyC. didnt they D. wouldnt they2. Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease, _? A. do they B. need theyC. dont they D. neednt

12、they3. The police must have known all about this, _? A. must it B. must theyC. have they D. has it4. I think its high time that she made up her mind, _?A. dont I B. isnt itC. didnt she D. hasnt it5. If you want help, let me know, _? A. can I B. do youC. will I D. will you6. Its cheap. I dont suppose

13、 he cares, _?A. is it B. do IC. does he D. does it7. “Hes selfish. I dont like him, _?” “No, I dont at all.”A. do I B. do youC. dont I D. does she8. “I think the teacher is wrong, _?” “No, I dont think so.”A. dont you B. dont IC. doesnt he D. doesnt she9. I dare not go out after dark. Let us go toge

14、ther, _?A. will you B. shall weC. can you D. can we10. There are times when such things are necessary, _?A. are there B. arent thereC. are they D. arent theyKeys:1-10: b b c b d c b a a b 英語倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)專練1. No sooner _themselves in their seats in the theatre _the curtain went up. A. they have settled; befor

15、e B. had they settled; thanC. have they settled; when D. they had settled; than2. I wonder if your girl friend will go to the ball. If she _, so _mine. A. does; does B. does; will C. will; does D. would; will3. Its necessary that not only _to see a doctor but also stay at home for a good sleep. A. B

16、ob should go B. did Bob go C. Bobs going D. should Bob go4. In _, but out _again. A. came the teacher; he went B. came the teacher; went heC. did the teacher come; he went D. the teacher came; went he5. Its beyond description. Nowhere else in the world _such a quiet, beautiful place. A. can there be

17、 B. you can find C. there can be D. can find you 6. Not until Dec. 2003 _caught by the US soldiers, and it was a great victory for the USA. A. was Saddam Hussein B. Saddam Hussein wasC. had Saddam Hussein been D. Saddam Hussein had been7. Only after _his homework _to watch TV. A. he has finished; is

18、 he allowed B. has he finished; is he allowedC. he has finished; he is allowed D. has he finished; he is allowed 8. From then on we never saw her again, nor _from her. A. heard we B. had we heard C. we have heard D. did we hear9. “Never _to hurt your feeling while I was expressing myself in the disc

19、ussion” explained Jim. A. I expected B. expected I C. had I expected D. did I expect10. _our bus; well have to wait for the next. A. Does there go B. It goes C. There goes D. Does it go 11. It was careless of you to have left your new bike outside all night.My god! _. A. So did I B. So I did C. So w

20、as I D. So were you 12. What a naughty boy he was! _. A. Down jumped he from the desk B. From the desk jumped he downC. He down jumped from the desk D. Down he jumped from the desk13. On the opposite wall _one map _with_dozens of pictures. A. hang; including B. are hung; together withC. is hanged; w

21、ith D. is hanging; as well as14. You can never use my computer. At no time _that machine.A. you should touch B. should you touchC. touch should you D. you touch15. Not until all the fish died in the river _how serious the pollution was.A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realizedC. the vil

22、lagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realizeKeys:1- 10: b b a a a a a d d c11-15: b d d b a 復(fù)合句：由一個句子再加上一個非獨立的句子構(gòu)成的句子叫做復(fù)合句。從句：復(fù)合句里非獨立的那個句子叫做從句。從句必須有引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)，即從句的形式應(yīng)為：引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語。從句在主句里作什么成分就叫什么從句。因此，從句可分為：主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句；定語從句，狀語從句。對從句的考查主要是考查其引導(dǎo)詞，或從句里的時態(tài)，或其主謂語的順序。復(fù)合句：由一個句子再加上一個非獨立的句子構(gòu)成的句子叫做復(fù)合句。

23、從句：復(fù)合句里非獨立的那個句子叫做從句。從句必須有引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)，即從句的形式應(yīng)為：引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語。從句在主句里作什么成分就叫什么從句。因此，從句可分為：主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句；定語從句，狀語從句。對從句的考查主要是考查其引導(dǎo)詞，或從句里的時態(tài)，或其主謂語的順序。狀語從句：可分為時間狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、原因狀語從句、條件狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、目的狀語從句、比較狀語從句、方式狀語從句、地點狀語從句。（參考語法結(jié)構(gòu)表54-56頁）1.引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的連詞有：when/ as/ while, before/ after, since, as soon as/ immedia

24、tely/ the moment/ directly/ no soonerthan/ hardlywhen, notuntil 等。I came in immediately you called me.Hardly had I come in when you called me.As time goes by, she goes nearer to her dreams.While mother was cooking, he was doing his homework.I will tell him after he turns up.Think twice before you ac

25、t.I have met him before.It has been 7 years since I came to gz.I will give him the money as soon as I see him.注意：While +動詞ing；現(xiàn)在完成時+since+一般過去時,No sooner/hardly+ had +主語+done, than /when+主語+did.其他時間狀語從句，主句用將來時，從句用現(xiàn)在時。2.引導(dǎo)讓步（轉(zhuǎn)折）狀語從句的連詞：although/though, no matter how+形容詞，no matter +疑問詞，even if/though,

26、 while, but, as.Although he is young, he knows a lot more than others.Young as/though he is, he knows a lot more than others.He is young, but he knows a lot more than others.I will try my best even if/ though I may fail.While we dont agree we continue to be friends.I will stick to the end no matter

27、how hard it is./ however hard it is.Dont lose heart no matter what/ whatever you do.3.引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞：Because, as, since, seeing that, now that , for.I was absent because/as/for I didnt catch the bus.Since you are tired, you can go home ahead of time.Seeing that the time is not abundant, we have to hurr

28、y up.Now that you dont want to say, then I wont force you to.4.引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞：If, unless, as/so long as, on condition thatDont come unless I telephone you.If you come here tomorrow, I will be very happy.We will survive as long as we are strong.He will help us on condition that we really need.5.引導(dǎo) 結(jié)果狀語從

29、句的連詞：so+形容詞that , such +a+形容詞+名詞 thatI am so sleepy that I can hardly keep my eyes open.It was such a hot day that we all stayed inside.6.引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞：so that,in order thatHe got up early so that he could catch the bus.She did the homework carefully in order that she wouldnt make any mistakes.7.引導(dǎo)比較狀

30、語從句的連詞：as+形容詞原形+as, not so/as+形容詞原形+as, 形容詞比較級+than+.Peter run as fast as Tom.Today is not so hot as yesterday.This house is twice as big as that one.This house is bigger than that one.This house is much/ a lot / far/ even/ a little/ a bit bigger than that one.The weather In GZ is hotter than that i

31、n SZ.8.引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的連詞：like (prep.) +n., as (conj.)+clauseas像一樣, as if/ as though好像/似乎.You must do it as the teacher requires.He spoke as if he knew what had happened.9.引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的連詞：where, wherever, everywhere, anywhereIm not living where I was.Im not living in the place where I was.Wherever you are, you

32、 should not break the law.Everywhere I go, I have the same feelings. 定語從句：修飾名詞的成分叫做定語，因此定語從句就是修飾名詞的一個從句。（參照語法結(jié)構(gòu)表56-58頁）定語從句的形式：名詞（先行詞）+引導(dǎo)詞+定語從句（從句主語+從句謂語）a book that I bought yesterdaythe place where we met the place the girl whose brother is a pilot The reason The reason 定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有：that/ which/ who/

33、 whom/ whose/ when/ where/ why/ as物體名詞+that/which+定語從句表示人的名詞+that/who(m)+定語從句時間名詞+when+定語從句（引導(dǎo)詞作狀語）地點名詞+where+定語從句（引導(dǎo)詞作狀語）The reason +why +定語從句（引導(dǎo)詞作狀語）1、當(dāng)先行詞是表示物的名詞時，引導(dǎo)詞可以用that/ which（作主語或賓語），用whose/ of which表示所屬關(guān)系：The school which/that is famous here has a longhistory.The school (that/which) I stud

34、y at has a long history.I live in a room whose windows/ the windows of which face south.All that can be done has been done.2.當(dāng)先行詞是表示人的名詞時，引導(dǎo)詞可以用that/ who（作主語或賓語）/whom(作賓語)，用whose表示所屬關(guān)系：Do you know the man who/that is singing now?He is the boy( who/whom/that) the teacher blamed.She is the girl whose

35、mother is a doctor.3.當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作表示時間、地點、原因的狀語時，引導(dǎo)詞用when/ where/ why,也可以用介詞+which 的形式： 名詞+介詞+which+定語從句I still remember the day when/on which I first came here.對比：I still remember the day (that/which) we spent together.I still remember the day which/that was my birthday.This is the bridge where/on wh

36、ich you took photos.對比：This is the bridge that/which was built long time ago.This is the bridge （that/which） I like.Is the reason why/for which you refused to see me?對比：this This is the reason (that/which) he told me.This is the reason that/which is persuasive enough總結(jié)：定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，若在從句里作主語和賓語，只能用that/w

37、hich/who(m), 若表示所屬關(guān)系，用whose,若引導(dǎo)詞在從句里作狀語，只能用when/where/why.所以，要判斷用什么引導(dǎo)詞，一是要看先行詞，二是要看引導(dǎo)詞在從句里是作什么成分。4.非限定性定語從句：His daughter, who is a teacher, is very beautiful.Peter drove quite fast, which was very dangerous.He made a lot of mistakes, which made me very angry.As is known to all, China is a large coun

38、try.As was said in his speech, he was a responsible person.It is known to all_ china is a large country.What is known to all is_that china is a large country.名詞性從句：包括主語從句，賓語從句，同位語從句，表語從句（參照語法結(jié)構(gòu)表58-61頁）.名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞有：that（無意義，不擔(dān)任從句任何成分）, whether/if（是否，不擔(dān)任從句任何成分）, what（什么/的事）, who(m)（誰/的人）, which（哪一個）, w

39、hose（誰的）, when（什么時候/的時間）, where（在哪里/的地方）, why（為什么/的原因）, how（怎么樣）, how（多么）+形容詞.1.主語從句：放在句首，或以形式主語 It的形式出現(xiàn)：That I was right is clear./ It is clear that I was right.Whether he will come (or not) has not decided yet.Who is coming to the party is unknown.What he said is true.Which team will win is hard t

40、o say.When we will have the discussion depends on the teacher.Where we will meet will be decided by you.How she got the prize is still a secret.How hard the work is can not be understood by others.Why Tom was late still remains a puzzle.2. 賓語從句：放在謂語動詞或介詞后面：She said (that) she would return the book s

41、oon.I wonder whether/if she will turn up at the party.I cannot think out who/whom you were talking to.I know whose brother he is.Do you know which team lost the match?Tell me what you have been doing.You have to make sure of when you want to start off.He wants to know where her house is.I wonder how

42、 he got so much money.Please tell me how happy she was when she heard the news.I cannot figure out why he broke the prison3.表語從句：放在Be動詞或系動詞look后面：The fact is that we should accept the conditions.The question is whether he will come or not.He looks as if he knew nothing about it.Thats what I want to

43、say.Thats why he cried.4.同位語從句：抽象名詞（news, fact, belief, idea, suggestion,information等）+that +從句.同位語從句就是用來解釋說明前面那個抽象名詞的內(nèi)容的：Everybody knows the fact that he is a studious student.The news that he passed the exam made him excited.His suggestion that we (should) hold the meeting next week is acceptable.

44、定語從句專項訓(xùn)練 1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, _from east to west. Those _run from north to south are called avenues. A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that2. This is the case _hes had all his money stolen.A. when B. whereC. that D. on which3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit

45、 to Beijing this autumn, _we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.A. where B. whenC. which D. how4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything _. A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him to C. for the little girl to ask him D. what the little girl asks

46、 himI need a knife to cut the cake with .I need someone to speak to.Nobody is fond of being laughed at.5.How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?Oh, thats easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one _the telephonenumber is provided. A. which B. in whichC. of which D. whose6. Octobe

47、r 15 th is my birthday, _I will never forget.A. when B. thatC. what D. which7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _he can walk correctly and safely. A. when B. whereC. which D. whose8. There are several research centers in China _a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. A. which B. whereC. when D. what9. I hope that the little _I have been able to do does good to them all. A. which B. whatC. that D. when10. The time is not far