高中英語句子成分分析1

1、句子成分 主語主語 subject 謂語謂語 predicate 賓語賓語 object 表語表語 predicative 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) complement 定語定語 attribute 狀語狀語 adverbial 同位語同位語 appositive1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主語語謂謂語語定定語語賓賓語語同同位位語語狀狀語語主語主語 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see

2、 is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.主語主語: 可以作主語的成分有名詞可以作主語的成分有名詞, 主格代詞主格代詞,動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 不定式不定式, 動(dòng)名詞等等。主語一般在句首。動(dòng)名詞等等。主語一般在句首。名詞名詞主格代詞主格代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞the + 形形容詞容詞句子句子謂語謂謂語語:簡(jiǎn)簡(jiǎn)單單謂謂語語由由動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞或或動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞詞詞組組構(gòu)構(gòu)成成, 一一般般在在主主語語之之后。后。I saw the flag on

3、 the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.復(fù)復(fù)合合謂謂語語 由由情情態(tài)態(tài)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞或或助助動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞+動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞;He can speak English well. She has finished the homework. 狀狀態(tài)，態(tài)， 1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. Who knows the answer? 6. He has refused to help them.

4、 7. He enjoys reading. 8. He said Good morning. 動(dòng)賓動(dòng)賓介賓介賓 賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指直接賓語指物物,間接賓語指人間接賓語指人. He gave me some books.間接間接賓語賓語直接直接賓語賓語Please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.(四)賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語 賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語: 位于位于賓語之后賓語之后對(duì)賓語作出說明對(duì)賓語作出說明的成分。的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you hea

5、r Tom singing? He made himself understood. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret.形容詞形容詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞過去分詞動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式介詞短語介詞短語副詞副詞名詞名詞主語補(bǔ)足語：主語補(bǔ)足語：賓語補(bǔ)足語：賓語補(bǔ)足語：主語補(bǔ)足語主語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語你的朋友來上學(xué)時(shí)心情很不好。你的朋友來上學(xué)時(shí)心情很不好。Your friend comes to sch

6、ool very upset.(五)定語定語 He is a clever boy. They are building a stone bridge. There are 54 students in our class. Do you known Bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home.(形容詞形容詞)(名詞名詞)(數(shù)詞數(shù)詞)(名詞的所有格名詞的所有格)(動(dòng)

7、名詞動(dòng)名詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞過去分詞)(副詞副詞)with The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. Im not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. The apple tastes good.八、同位語八、同位語同位語同位語 當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一事物的句子成分放在當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí)同等位置時(shí), 一個(gè)句子成分一個(gè)句子成分用來說明和解釋用來說

8、明和解釋另一個(gè)句子成分另一個(gè)句子成分, 這個(gè)句子成分就叫做它的這個(gè)句子成分就叫做它的同位語。同位語。We students should study hard. (students是是we的同位語的同位語, 都是指同一批都是指同一批“學(xué)生學(xué)生”)We all are students. (all是是we的同位語的同位語, 都指同樣的都指同樣的“我們我們”)句子分類句子分類簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句并列復(fù)合句并列復(fù)合句主從復(fù)合句主從復(fù)合句有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句用連詞連接而成。單句用連詞連接而成。如：如：and, but, or, so等等定語從句定語從句狀語從句狀語從句名詞性

9、從句名詞性從句由一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和一個(gè)由一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（或并列謂語）組成的句子謂語（或并列謂語）組成的句子.eg:Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the newspaper.由主句和從句構(gòu)成，且主從句分別有不同的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。由主句和從句構(gòu)成，且主從句分別有不同的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。五大基本句型五大基本句型 一一: (主謂主謂) 二二: (主系表主系表) 三三: (主謂賓主謂賓) 四四: (主謂間賓直賓主謂間賓直賓) 五五: (主謂賓賓補(bǔ)主謂賓賓補(bǔ))基本句型基本

10、句型 一一: :( (主謂主謂) )謂語謂語:不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)沒有賓語沒有賓語, 形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。如如: We come.( (不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞) )1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly基本句型二：基本句型二：( (是系動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞) ) ( (表語表語) ) 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The

11、dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. Our well has gone dry. 7. His face turned red. 基本句型基本句型 三三: : ( (主謂賓主謂賓) )此句型的此句型的特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn)是：謂語動(dòng)詞都是及物動(dòng)詞是：謂語動(dòng)詞都是及物動(dòng)詞,必須必須跟有一個(gè)賓語跟有一個(gè)賓語, 即動(dòng)作的承受者即動(dòng)作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。( (及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞)( (賓語賓語) )1. Whokno

12、wsthe answer? 2. He has refusedto help them. 3. Heenjoysreading. 4. Hesaid“Good morning.”5. Headmitsthat he was mistaken. 基本句型基本句型 四四: : ( (主謂間賓直賓主謂間賓直賓) )有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語, e.g. give/pass/bring/show。這兩個(gè)賓語通常一個(gè)這兩個(gè)賓語通常一個(gè)指人指人(間接賓語間接賓語); 一個(gè)指物一個(gè)指物(直接賓語直接賓語)。-Give me a cup of tea please.-Give a c

13、up of tea to me please.give sb sth= give sth to sb( (及物及物)( (多指人多指人)( (多指物多指物) ) She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how to run the machine. 基本句型基本句型 五五: (主謂賓賓補(bǔ)主謂賓賓補(bǔ))此句型的此句型的特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn)是是: 動(dòng)詞雖然是及物

14、動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞, 但是只跟一個(gè)但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思, 必須加上一個(gè)必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語來補(bǔ)足賓語, 才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語: 位于位于賓語之后賓語之后對(duì)賓語作出說明的成分。對(duì)賓語作出說明的成分。可以用作可以用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的有名詞賓語補(bǔ)足語的有名詞, 形容詞形容詞, 不定式不定式,動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞, 分詞分詞, 介詞短語等。介詞短語等。The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy.I often find him at work.The

15、 teacher ask the students to close the windows.I saw a cat running across the road.名詞名詞形容詞形容詞介詞短語介詞短語動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 (及物及物) (賓語賓語) (賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)) 1. They painted the door green. 3. They found the house deserted. 4. He asked me to come back soon. 5. I saw them getting on the bus. a. b. c. d. e. 1. Pleas tel

16、l us a story. _2. She smiled. _3. His job is to train swimmers. _4. He noticed a man enter the room. _5. Please look at the picture. _dabecExercises:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu) You are a student. He felt happy today. What you said made me happy. Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well? After he

17、finished his homework, he went away. He likes pop music.劃分句子成分劃分句子成分 You will tell your friend that youve got to school. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4. The dark, rainy

18、evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.1.You will tell （your） friend that youve got to school.2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didntdare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to beUpstairs at dusk (when the window was open).4. The (d

19、ark, rainy) evening, the wind, the thunderingClouds held me entirely in their power.主語謂語謂語間賓間賓定語直接賓語原因狀語原因狀語主語 謂語謂語賓語賓語狀語一一) 挑出下列句中的賓語挑出下列句中的賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school

20、 want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.(二二) 挑出下列句中的表語挑出下列句中的表語- The old man was feeling very tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon they all became interested in the subject.(三三) 挑出下列句中的定語挑出下列句中的定語1. What is your given name?2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4. I am waiting for the sound