動(dòng)詞變化variation of verb

1、動(dòng)詞分為及物動(dòng)詞(Transitive Verb, 用Vt或T表示)和非及物動(dòng)詞(Intransitive Verb, 用Vi或I表示)動(dòng)詞是用于表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞。例如：be, go, get, have, run, send等。動(dòng)詞在使用上要注意時(shí)態(tài)或語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)。時(shí)態(tài)分類：一般進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)PAST一般進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)PRESENT一般進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)FUTURE注：過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)： had+been+V.ing (過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間已完成某持續(xù)動(dòng)作) e.g. (Up to that time) The Chinese had been makin

2、g paper for two thousand years. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：have/has+been+V.ing (現(xiàn)在已完成某持續(xù)動(dòng)作) e.g. The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：shall/will+been+V.ing (將來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)間會(huì)完成某持續(xù)動(dòng)作) e.g. The Chinese shall been making paper for two thousand years (by that time).語(yǔ)態(tài)分類：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱變化規(guī)則：1. 一般在詞尾加“s”

3、在清輔音后發(fā)音為s, 在濁輔音及元音后發(fā)音為z; e.g. stop-stops s; make-makes s; read-reads z; play-plays z;2. 以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的，要變“y”為“i”, 再加“es”, 讀z; e.g. fly-flies z; carry-carries z; study-studies z; worry-worries z3. 以“s, x, ch, sh”結(jié)尾的， 在詞尾加“es”, 發(fā)音為iz e.g. teach-teaches iz; watch-watches iz4. 以“o”結(jié)尾的，加“es”，讀z e.g. go-goe

4、s z; do du:-does dz; INFORMAL: photo - photos動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則：1. 一般在詞尾加“ing” e.g. work-working; sleep-sleeping; study-studying;2. 動(dòng)詞以不發(fā)音字母“e”結(jié)尾，要去“e”加“ing” e.g. take-taking; make-making; dance-dancing3. 以1元+1輔結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，要雙寫詞尾字母，再加“ing” e.g. cut-cutting; put-putting; begin-beginning; equip-equipping book-b

5、ooking;(1元+1輔：一個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，這條規(guī)則需要從兩方面解釋：從單詞的拼寫上，單詞詞尾是輔音字母+1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母組成；從讀音的音節(jié)上，最末音節(jié)是重讀閉音節(jié)。)4. 以“ie”結(jié)尾的，把“ie”變“y”再加“ing” e.g. lie-lying; tie-tying; die-dying英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式&過(guò)去分詞變化規(guī)律：1. 一般情況下，動(dòng)詞詞尾加ed，如：workworked；playplayed；wantwanted；actacted2. 以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-d，如：livelived；movemoved；tastetasted;

6、hopehoped3. 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把-y變?yōu)?i再加-ed，如：studystudied；copycopied；crycried；carrycarried4. 以1元+1輔結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫詞尾字母，再加-ed，如：stopstopped; equip-equipped; booked(1元+1輔：一個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母。總的來(lái)說(shuō)，這條規(guī)則需要從兩方面解釋：從單詞的拼寫上，單詞詞尾是輔音字母+1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母組成；從讀音的音節(jié)上，最末音節(jié)是重讀閉音節(jié)。)過(guò)去式“-ed”的發(fā)音規(guī)則：(1) 動(dòng)詞詞尾為“t，d”時(shí)，發(fā)/id/音，wantwanted；needn

7、eeded(2) 動(dòng)詞詞尾為清輔音時(shí)，發(fā)/t/音，helphelped; laughlaughed; looklooked; kisskissed; washwashed; watch-watched(3) 動(dòng)詞詞尾為t，d以外之濁輔音或元音時(shí)，發(fā)/d/音。callcalled; staystayed; crycried;不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表：(紅色字體為情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞)原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞漢語(yǔ)翻譯arise raizarose ruzarisen rizn出現(xiàn)awake weikawoke wukawaked/awoken醒來(lái)be (am/is/are)was/werebeen是beat wukbeatb

8、eaten bi:tn擊打，戰(zhàn)勝become bikmbecame bikeimbecome變成begin biginbegan bignbegun bign開始bend bendbent bentbent bent使彎曲bet betbet betbet bet賭bite baitbit bitbitten/bit咬blow blublew blu:blown bln吹break breikbroke brukbroken brukn打破bring bribrought br:tbrought br:t拿來(lái)build bildbuilt biltbuilt bilt建造burn b:nbur

9、ntb:nt/burnedburntb:nt/burned燃燒buy baibought b:tbought b:t買can kn,kncould kudx能cast k:stcast k:stcast k:st拋catch ktcaught k:tcaught k:t捕捉choose tu:zchose tuzchosen tuzn選擇come kmcame keimcome km來(lái)cost kstcost kstcost kst花費(fèi)cut ktcut ktcut kt割deal di:ldealt deltdealt delt分配dig digdug dgdug dg挖do/doesdid

10、done做draw dr:drew dru:drawn dr:n畫，拉，拖dream dri:mdreamed/dreamt /dremt/dreamed/dreamt /dremt/做夢(mèng)drink drikdrank drkdrunk drk喝drive draivdrove druvdriven driv()n駕駛eat i:tate eteaten i:tn吃fall f:lfell felfallen f:ln掉落feed fi:dfed fedfed fed喂feel fi:lfelt feltfelt felt觸摸fight faitfoughtf:tfoughtf:t作戰(zhàn)find

11、 faindfoundfaundfound faund找出fly flaiflew flu:flown flun飛forbid fbidforbadefbeid /forbad forbidden fbidn禁止forget fgetforgot fgtforgot / forgottenfgtn忘記forgive fgivforgave /fgev/forgiven fgivn原諒freeze fri:zfroze fruzfrozen fruzn結(jié)冰get getgotgtgotgt得到give givgave /gev/given giv()n給go guwent wentgone gn

12、去grow grugrew gru:grown grun成長(zhǎng)hang hhungh /hangedhdhungh/hangedhd掛/絞死have/hashadhad有hear hiheard h:dheard h:d聽到hide haidhid hidhidden hid()n/hid hid 隱藏hit hithit hithit hit打hold huldheld heldheld held拿住hurt h:thurt h:thurt h:t受傷keep ki:pkept keptkept kept保持knownuknew nju:known nun知道lay leilaid leidl

13、aid leid置放,下蛋l(fā)ead li:dled ledled led引導(dǎo)learn l:nlearntl:nt/learnedl:nidlearntl:nt/learnedl:nid學(xué)習(xí)leaveli:vleftleftleftleft離開lendlendlentlentlentlent借貸letletletletletlet讓lielailayleilainlein躺,平放lightlaitlitlit/lightedlitlit/lighted點(diǎn)著loselu:zlostlstlostlst遺失makemeikmademeidmademeid制作maymeimightmaitx可以me

14、anmi:nmeantmentmeantment表意思meetmi:tmet/met/met/met/遇到mistakemisteikmistook/mstuk/mistakenmisteikn誤認(rèn)misunderstandmisndstndmisunderstoodmisunderstood誤會(huì)paypeipaidpeidpaidpeid支付provepru:vprovedproved/proven/pruvn/證明putputputputputput放置quitkwitquit/quittedquit/quitted放棄readri:dreadri:dreadri:d讀rebuildri:

15、bildrebuiltri:biltrebuiltri:bilt改建retellri:telretoldretold復(fù)述ridridrid/riddedrid/ridded免除rideraidroderudriddenridn騎riseraizroseruzrisen上升runrnranrnrunrn跑saws:sawedsawed/sawn鋸sayseisaidsedsaidsed說(shuō)seesi:saws:seensi:n看seeksi:ksoughts:tsoughts:t尋覓sellselsoldsuldsoldsuld賣sendsendsentsentsentsent送/寄setsets

16、etsetsetset安置sewsusewedsewn/sewed縫合shakeeikshookukshakeneikn搖shalll, lshouldud, dx將shineainshonenshonen發(fā)光shineainshinedshined擦亮shootu:tshottshott放(炮)/射擊showushowedshowed/shownun顯露singsisangssungs唱歌sinksiksanksk/sunksksunk/sunkenskn下沉sitsitsatstsatst坐sleepsli:psleptsleptsleptslept睡smellsmelsmeltsmelt

17、smeltsmelt發(fā)出氣味sowsausowedsown/sun/sowed種植speakspi:kspokespukspokenspukn說(shuō)spellspelspeltspelt/spelledspeltspelt/spelled拼寫spendspendspentspentspentspent花費(fèi)spitspitspatspt/spitspat/spit吐出springsprisprangspr/sprungsprungspr跳躍standstndstoodstudstoodstud站立stealsti:lstolestulstolenstuln偷sweepswi:psweptsweptsweptswept打掃swimswimswamswmswum/swm/游泳taketeiktooktuktakenteikn拿teachti:ttaughtt:ttaughtt:t教tearti, tetoret:tornt:n撕裂telltel