初一下英語(yǔ)知識(shí)梳理

1、知識(shí)梳理知識(shí)梳理初一第二學(xué)期初一第二學(xué)期一、語(yǔ)法一、語(yǔ)法1.1.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) 2.2.祈使句祈使句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)名稱名稱 特征詞特征詞 肯定句的動(dòng)詞肯定句的動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在sometimes, usually, often always, every., 原形原形 第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行l(wèi)ook, listen, now, Its .(幾點(diǎn)了幾點(diǎn)了) . 后的句子后的句子Dont do sth. 后的句子后的句子 be + doing一般過(guò)去一般過(guò)去yesterday., just now, .ago, this morning, When I was young,

2、 過(guò)去式過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞否定句一般疑問(wèn)句原形在主語(yǔ)后dont句前Do ？ 第三人 稱單數(shù)在主語(yǔ)后doesnt動(dòng)詞原形句前 Does 動(dòng)詞原形？過(guò)去式在主語(yǔ)后didnt動(dòng)詞原形句前Did動(dòng)詞原形？否定句一般疑問(wèn)句只在其后not (some-any)將其放到句首.？句中沒(méi)有be、can, may , must, would 的變法句中有be、can, may , must, would 的變法否定句、一般疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)否定句、一般疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)回答回答:Can you .? Yes, I can. No, I cant.Is he.? Yes, he is. No, he isnt.Do you .? Ye

3、s, I do. No, I dont. Does.she ? Yes she does. No, she doesnt.Did they.? Yes, they did. No, they didnt.Would you.? Yes, I would. No. I wouldnt.Were they.? Yes, they were. No, they werent.Should you.? Yes, I should. No, I shouldnt.二、祈使句二、祈使句無(wú)人稱、動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭，無(wú)人稱、動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭，帶命令色彩的句子。帶命令色彩的句子。 肯定式肯定式 否定式否定式Open the wi

4、ndow, please.Look at here.Please read after me.Dont open the window.Dont look at here.Dont read after me.二、話題二、話題 天氣及季節(jié)天氣及季節(jié) 2.2.人的相貌及性人的相貌及性格格3.3.健康健康 4.4.假期假期三、三、句句子子簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句并列句并列句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句選擇問(wèn)句選擇問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句感嘆句感嘆句一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句否定句否定句祈使句祈使句簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句并列句并列句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句選擇問(wèn)句選擇問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句感嘆句感嘆句This is an orange bike. He

5、 knows me and I know him. When I was 5, I could swim. Did you live here or there? What did they learn just now? What a heavy rain it is! Does Tom speak French? I dont understand it. Stand （Dont） up.一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句否定句否定句祈使句祈使句四、句型四、句型 (及交際用語(yǔ)及交際用語(yǔ)) 某人用多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事某人用多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事： It takes/took sb. + time + to do sth

6、.2. 提問(wèn)時(shí)間提問(wèn)時(shí)間： Whats the time? What time is it? What time is it by your watch?3.提問(wèn)日期提問(wèn)日期： Whats the date today? What was the date yesterday?4. 提問(wèn)星期幾提問(wèn)星期幾： What day is it today? What day was yesterday?5.提問(wèn)某人的生日提問(wèn)某人的生日： When is ones birthday?6. 提問(wèn)天氣提問(wèn)天氣： What is the weather like today? (How is the weat

7、her today?) What was the weather yesterday? (How was the weather yesterday?7.提問(wèn)溫度提問(wèn)溫度： Whats todays temperature? How about the temperature?8. 提問(wèn)人的相貌提問(wèn)人的相貌： What does.look like?9. 提問(wèn)人的性格提問(wèn)人的性格： What is . like?10.詢問(wèn)對(duì)方情況詢問(wèn)對(duì)方情況： Whats wrong with.sb.? Whats the matter with .sb.?11. 到該做什么事的時(shí)候了到該做什么事的時(shí)候了。

8、Its time to do sth. Its time for sth.12. 提建議用語(yǔ)提建議用語(yǔ)： Why not do sth.? Why dont you do sth.? What about sth. / doing sth.? Its best to do sth. Youd better do sth.13.談?wù)摻】祮?wèn)題談?wù)摻】祮?wèn)題： 1) 用英文敘述自己的病癥用英文敘述自己的病癥 have a fever have a cold have a pain here have a headache have a sore through have a stomachache.

9、2) 就此病癥提出合理建議就此病癥提出合理建議 Take / Have some / these medicine three times a day. Drink more water and stay in bed for a few days. Its nothing serious. Youll be / get / become OK / well soon/ in one or two days. Dont be so tired.五、詞類五、詞類1. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞6. 形容詞、副詞形容詞、副詞2. 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞7.數(shù)詞數(shù)詞3. 代詞代詞8. 頻率副詞頻率副詞4.不定代詞不定代詞9.

10、介詞介詞5. 連詞連詞10. 疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞1.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞(謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))He watches TV every day.He is watching TV now.He watched TV a moment ago. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞(非謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ))He enjoys watching TV. Jim makes me laugh.I wanted to see it again.2.系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 (+形容詞的動(dòng)詞形容詞的動(dòng)詞)lookturnsoundbecometastebefeelsmellget1) Jims idea sounds nice.2) Kate looks taller.3) I f

11、eel nervous now.4) Beijing becomes bigger.5) The days get long.6) The cake tastes delicious.3.代詞代詞人人稱稱代代詞詞主格主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格賓格 me youhimheritusyoutheir物物主主代代詞詞形容形容詞性詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞名詞性性mine yours his hersits ours yours theirs4.不定代詞不定代詞1. other, others, the other, the others, a

12、nother, One., the other., any other2. one, ones, ones 3. somethingsomebody / someone anythinganybody / anyone everythingeverybody / everyone nothingnobody / no one5. 連詞連詞1. and 7. when2. but 8. before3. or 9. after4. so 10. as5. though 11. if6. because用用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before

13、, after, if, 填空填空1. Jim often helps me with my English _ I often help him with his Chinese.2. _ the question is very difficult, few of us can answer it.3. Mr. Black is over 70 years old, _ he still works 8 hours a day.Becauseandbut4. Everyone must be here _ 6:00 tomorrow.5. _it is raining heavily, t

14、he farmers are still working in the field.6. I can help you _ I have time.用用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空填空Thoughbeforeif7. _ getting up, I always listen to the radio for a while.8. We must be quick, _ we cant follow them.9. To catch the early bus, _ I got up very ear

15、ly this morning.用用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空填空soorAfter10. _ the teacher came in, I was thinking about the game.11. _ you know him, why not go and meet Jim instead of me, Kate?用用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空填空IfWhen6.形容詞、副詞形容詞、副詞形容詞形

16、容詞與副詞與副詞的轉(zhuǎn)換的轉(zhuǎn)換在詞尾處在詞尾處+ lyy結(jié)尾時(shí)結(jié)尾時(shí),去去y + ily有的有的e結(jié)尾的單詞結(jié)尾的單詞,需去需去y + ly，有的則直接，有的則直接+ly。 quickquickly 2. easy-easily 3.terrible-terribly 4. true-truly 5.brave-bravely 6. careful-carefully形容詞、副詞的使用形容詞、副詞的使用形形容容詞詞副副詞詞修飾修飾名詞名詞修飾修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞動(dòng)詞、形容詞They are clever boys.I prefer long hair.It really sounds nice.Th

17、ey work very hard.7. 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞數(shù)數(shù)詞詞基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞百百,千千,萬(wàn)萬(wàn),的表達(dá)的表達(dá)幾分之幾幾分之幾用來(lái)表達(dá)時(shí)、分用來(lái)表達(dá)時(shí)、分用來(lái)表達(dá)年、月、日用來(lái)表達(dá)年、月、日8. 頻率副詞頻率副詞 用用How often 對(duì)它們進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。對(duì)它們進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。 他們體現(xiàn)了動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)的頻率程度。他們體現(xiàn)了動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)的頻率程度。 I always have milk for breakfast.I usually have eggs for breakfast.I often have noodles for it. I sometimes have fruits for it. I

18、seldom have rice for it. I never have meat in the morning.9. 與與時(shí)時(shí)間間相相關(guān)關(guān)的的介介詞詞for 時(shí)間段前時(shí)間段前in 某年、某月前某年、某月前on 具體日子、節(jié)日、具體日子、節(jié)日、 生日、星期幾前生日、星期幾前at 某分，某時(shí)前某分，某時(shí)前當(dāng)當(dāng)“早上、下午、晚早上、下午、晚上上”被修飾被修飾時(shí)不用時(shí)不用 in 而用而用on. 表示表示方位的方位的介詞：介詞： 某物處在某處的某物處在某處的東南西北東南西北。The Positionin, to, on 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別on 某處在某某處在某處之處之內(nèi)內(nèi)某處與某某處與某處處相接壤相接壤某

19、處某處在某在某處之處之外外 in to with 的多的多種用種用法法do sth. with sb./ sth.a girl with long haira room with two doorsa city with large populationbe busy with sth.be popular with.be with a style of.talk with sb. help sb. with sth.an action movie with Jackie ChanWhats wrong / the matter with.?10. 疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞提問(wèn)提問(wèn)幾點(diǎn)幾點(diǎn)鐘鐘What t

20、ime is it?Whats the time?價(jià)格價(jià)格 how much地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)where數(shù)量數(shù)量 how many.how much.程度、程度、方式方式how動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞、賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)what.do. what主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)who, whom.性格性格 Whats.like?時(shí)間時(shí)間when長(zhǎng)相長(zhǎng)相 What does/ do.look like?頻率頻率how often天氣天氣 Whats .like?Hows.?六、常用短語(yǔ)六、常用短語(yǔ)1.wake up 8. fall off2. wake.sb. up 9. come out3. tell. about 10. get along wit

21、h.4. talk to / with sb. 11. turn on / off5. invite .to. 12. put on6. play with 13. take off7. think about. 14. be always doing. think out 15. add. to think of. 16. know about17. learn about26. in many ways18. start with27. in fact19. give of28. in summer20. be called / named 29. in the sun21. stop o

22、ff30. in ones thirties22. on the telephone31. in space23. on the Internet32. in 199024. on weekend33. in the 1990s25. on the earth34. in the night on the moon35. at night36. at this time of year 46. on the top37. at the same time 47. a road to.38. at the moment 48. to sb.39. at the end of. 49. be di

23、fferent 40. from.to. from.41. for a while 50. be difference42. for a drink between43. for days 51. go to sw. for a44. on the other side of. holiday45. on ones way to. 52. as usual53. be interested in. 63. in class54. be always doing. 64. first of all55. by bike 65. in the past56. on Kates bike 66. l

24、ast year57. a photo of. 67. from the 1960s58. a photographer for 68. apart from.59. not.at all 69. thousands of.60. get into trouble hundreds of.61. listen to music 70. for example62. go to concerts 71. the trip to.72. too much noise 82. all night73. much too expensive 83. a lot of fun74. save up 84

25、. plan to do75. go on vacation 85. decide to do76. take photos 86. want to do 77. stay at a hotel 87. a big meal78. on the same team 88. keep out79. need .for. 89. one third80. do sth. on ones own 90. the time of.81. make one stop 91. a form of.93. drive to sw. 103. the same as94. the capital of. 10

26、4. all the time95. be full of. 105. all kinds of96. more than 106. 3 times a day97. the shape of. 107. take the 98. 10 thousand medicine99. a northern city of.100. get a view of .101. the population of Beijing102. a population of 13 million七、易混淆的詞、詞組七、易混淆的詞、詞組What is .like?What does.look like?1.2.3.

27、4.what to dohow to do itin the cornerat the cornerwake upwake sb. up5.get dresseddress sb.6.7.there behave / hasjointake part in.9.10.11.in the east of.to the east of.triptravelother, othersthe other, the othersOne., the other., anotherany other schoolsany other school8.a population of.the populatio

28、n of.12.13.14.15.stop to do sth.stop doing sth.besidesexcepta little, little, a bit, a bit of.a few, fewget to.arrive in / at.reach16.too muchmuch too17.by car, in Jims carby bike, on Jims bike18.19.excited, interested, amazedexciting, interesting, amazingIts time to . .Its time for. .21. noise, voice, sound22. hear, list