短文改錯專題

1、高三二輪復習高三二輪復習 短文改錯篇短文改錯篇教教 學學 目目 標標1）了解高考短文改錯題的錯誤設置規(guī)律2）掌握短文改錯的改正方法3）提高篇章結(jié)構(gòu)分析和語言糾錯的能力4）培養(yǎng)學生的規(guī)范答題習慣2015課標卷I When I was a child, I hoped to live in thecity. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. an

2、dthe thought Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has beenpolluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. serious with The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out.

3、 We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, well live to regret it.our /the find ManyairWhats the main trouble when correcting a passage?1. 看不出句子有錯，感覺越讀越對。2. 看出句子錯誤, 但無法改正。3. 不能從篇章角度考慮問題。學生的困惑 看了答案什么都明白，做題時想不到， 因為：這些錯誤也是我常犯的找到思路最重要！思路在哪里？命題規(guī)律一、考綱解讀一、考綱解讀 短文改錯所考查的知識覆蓋面廣，分布合理

4、。短文改錯所考查的知識覆蓋面廣，分布合理。錯誤包括錯誤包括詞法、句法、語篇結(jié)構(gòu)、行文邏輯詞法、句法、語篇結(jié)構(gòu)、行文邏輯等，等，涉及涉及冠詞冠詞、名詞名詞、代詞代詞、介詞介詞、形容詞形容詞、副詞副詞、連詞連詞、情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞、動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)、非謂語動詞非謂語動詞、主謂一致主謂一致、從句的連接詞從句的連接詞、強調(diào)句強調(diào)句、上下文的邏上下文的邏輯問題以及習慣用法輯問題以及習慣用法、固定搭配固定搭配等等 基礎不牢，基礎不牢，地地動動山山搖！搖！打牢基礎，做好改錯！打牢基礎，做好改錯！二、命題規(guī)律二、命題規(guī)律 高考英語短文改錯涉及高考英語短文改錯涉及詞匯詞匯、語法語法、句型結(jié)構(gòu)句型結(jié)構(gòu)等方面

5、的知識以及上下文的等方面的知識以及上下文的行文邏輯行文邏輯，是一種在，是一種在較高層次上考查考生較高層次上考查考生對英語知識的掌握和語言綜對英語知識的掌握和語言綜合運用能力的測試合運用能力的測試題型。短文改錯的語言符合學題型。短文改錯的語言符合學生的實際，句子結(jié)構(gòu)由以簡單句為主逐漸過渡到生的實際，句子結(jié)構(gòu)由以簡單句為主逐漸過渡到以并列句和復合句為主。學生在平時寫作中以并列句和復合句為主。學生在平時寫作中常出常出現(xiàn)的錯誤是短文改錯考查的重點現(xiàn)的錯誤是短文改錯考查的重點。三、命題趨勢三、命題趨勢 高考考查此項題目，其難度、錯誤類型設置、高考考查此項題目，其難度、錯誤類型設置、文章長度通常不會有太大

6、變化。考查更加注重文章長度通常不會有太大變化?？疾楦幼⒅卣Z語用功能用功能，取材范圍將更廣泛，并注重語言的綜合，取材范圍將更廣泛，并注重語言的綜合應用能力。關鍵是注重對應用能力。關鍵是注重對基礎基礎的考查。的考查。When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in the countryside.A few hours 62_, Id been at home in Hong Kong,

7、with its choking smog. thought before/earlier從一道短文改錯和語法填空看高考命題趨勢：解題步驟解題步驟1 1、從語篇入手，理解文章大意、從語篇入手，理解文章大意 短文改錯不是單句改錯，每一句的語意表達、短文改錯不是單句改錯，每一句的語意表達、結(jié)構(gòu)選擇是結(jié)構(gòu)選擇是受上下文制約受上下文制約的。如謂語動詞時態(tài)的的。如謂語動詞時態(tài)的選擇，代詞的指代功能等都要依照上下文的線索選擇，代詞的指代功能等都要依照上下文的線索進行判斷。因此考生應進行判斷。因此考生應立足于上下文立足于上下文，從整體上，從整體上把握全文。把握全文。2 2、審查句子結(jié)構(gòu)、審查句子結(jié)構(gòu) 通讀全

8、文，了解文章大意之后，應把注意力放通讀全文，了解文章大意之后，應把注意力放在句子層次上，判斷句子的表達在句子層次上，判斷句子的表達是否符合行文邏是否符合行文邏輯，是否符合語法規(guī)范輯，是否符合語法規(guī)范。3 3、審查句子內(nèi)部錯誤、審查句子內(nèi)部錯誤 句子內(nèi)部的錯誤主要包括上述提到的那些。句子內(nèi)部的錯誤主要包括上述提到的那些。改錯要求改錯要求 文中共有文中共有1010處語言錯誤，處語言錯誤，每句每句中中最多最多有有兩處兩處。每處錯誤每處錯誤僅涉及僅涉及一個單詞一個單詞的的增加增加、刪除刪除或或修改修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（），并在），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。其

9、下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（ ）劃掉）劃掉。 修改：在錯的單詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面修改：在錯的單詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。寫出修改后的詞。溫馨提示：溫馨提示：1 1、格式錯誤，不得分格式錯誤，不得分。2 2、每處錯誤及其修改均僅限、每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞一詞。3 3、只允許修改、只允許修改1010處處，多者，從多者，從1111處起不計分處起不計分。4 4、拿到改錯題后，可以先看一遍把簡單的、容易、拿到改錯題后，可以先看一遍把簡單的、容易 的錯誤先改過來，然后再仔細研讀，從以上提的錯誤先改過來，然后再仔細研讀，從以上提 示的幾個方面

10、進行改錯。示的幾個方面進行改錯。5 5、單詞拼寫錯誤不改，大小寫不改，詞序錯誤不單詞拼寫錯誤不改，大小寫不改，詞序錯誤不 改，標點符號不改改，標點符號不改。并且，在改錯時要。并且，在改錯時要忠于原忠于原 文，不能改變原文的原意文，不能改變原文的原意。6.6.短文改錯是改“錯”，而不是把文中的表達法改成另外的表達形式。很多同學把原文中并沒有錯的形式改成了自己認可的另外一種形式，雖然改后的表達法也是對的，但這樣做偏離了這類題型的答題要求，因而也不能得分。短文改錯考點統(tǒng)計表短文改錯考點統(tǒng)計表1.That day I didnt learn much about animals，insects or

11、trees，but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!（2014陜西）2.He liked it so much that he quickly walked into the shop.he turned around and found his parents were missing.A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.（2015全國卷II）3.Then everyone began searching for the ticket，which was e

12、ventually found under a seat several rows from its owner. The person who found a ticket smiled(2014浙江）4.Besides，Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.5.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.（2015全國卷I）1.冠詞冠詞anthetheanthea與與an的誤用；的誤用；a,an與與the 的誤用；多用或少用了冠詞的誤用；多用或少用了冠詞(1

13、) After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. (2) I decided to climb the tree to see where we were. (3) Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports. (4) Good health is persons most valuable possession. (5) Modern people know more about the health, have better foo

14、d, and live in clearer surroundings. (6) Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. (7) Ill take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday.(8) Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. (9) We may be one family and live under a same roof. (10) My

15、teacher advised me to keep my diary.anaathe athea 2.代詞代詞1.Much rare animals are dying out. （2015全國卷I）2.We dont need to do so many homework.（2014全國卷II）3.If its a false alarm and there is no fire，your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.（2014四川）4.Then everyone in the carriage began searching fo

16、r the ticket，which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner.(2014浙江卷)5.We appreciate our apologies and goodwill，but we hope that you can figure out a good way of settling the matter. (2014遼寧卷)6.The fruits are small in size, but juicy and tasty. There are so much that we often sh

17、are them with our neighbors. （2014全國卷I）Manymuchyouitsyourmany（1） When we walked to the car， Bill smiled and shook head. （2） We climb everywhere， not only in America. They have been to Europe many times. （3） And I cant forget the good food you cooked for I. （4） The Smiths did his best to make me feel

18、 at home. （5） And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game. （6） The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me. hisWemetheirwe my代詞 錯誤類型： 人稱代詞主格和賓格的誤用； 代詞前后指代的誤用； 不定代詞的誤用； 反身代詞的誤用。改正方法： 分析上下文弄清人稱代詞的正確指代； 主格人稱代詞作主語，賓格人稱代詞作賓語，形容詞性物主代詞作定語，名詞性物主代詞作主語、賓語和表語，反身代詞作

19、賓語或同位語。 分析句子成分可以發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正缺少的人稱代詞。1.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.(2015新課標全國卷)2.we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.(2014新課標全國卷)3.Stay close to your teacher and classmate. (2014四川卷)4.Weve called several time about Cleos early morning ba

20、rking.(2014遼寧卷)5.Since then- for all these year- we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.(2014全國卷I)3.名詞名詞airhoursclassmatestimesyears名詞多考查單復數(shù)，可數(shù)不可數(shù)或所有格問題，也可能存在詞性誤用。fun, progress, advice, information, equipment, furniture, news（1）Their word were a great encouragement to me.（2）Hi

21、s new job meant I had to say goodbye to my classmate, my school and just everything else I love in the world. （3）When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.（4）But one and a half year later.（5）There are advantage for students to work.(6)I

22、 saw him lying in bed, looking at some of the picture we had taken together.(7)He has ruined his healthy. We are worried about him.(8)I found the test difficulty, but I tried hard to do it. wordsclassmatescupsyearsadvantagespictureshealthdifficult1.My soccer coach retired in last week.(2015陜西)2.Plea

23、se help with me and give me some advice.【2015四川】3.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.(2015全國卷II)4.Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.(2015全國卷)5.Nearly five years ago, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果

24、)in our back garden.(2014全國卷)6.Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities.(2014全國卷II)7.If we could show concern to others on need, the world would be a better place to live in.(2014浙江）4.介詞介詞inwithofforin記牢固定搭配，注重積累。記牢固定搭配，注重積累。1.Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a

25、 fire alarm goes off.(2014四川)2.Interestingly, it had a connection by the British porcelain (瓷器) industry. (2013全國卷II)3.Every day, he spends too much time with his work. (2013,遼寧)4.Can you tell me about what I should do?5.I had to look up to the same word many times, .6.I am writing to thank you with

26、 your kind help.aboutwithonfor1.My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help.I thought the biscuits were really well.(2015陜西）2.On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field.（2015浙江）3.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the

27、shop. .Mom said,“How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. ”(2015全國卷II)4.Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.5.As a result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.We are growing wond

28、erfully tomatoes at no cost!(2014全國卷I)5.形容詞與副詞形容詞與副詞bestgoodeasilyterriblyseriouseverywheretastywonderful6.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.(2014全國卷II)7.I noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner

29、 before.(2014浙江）8.Beside, Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day.That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.(2014遼寧）9.Dont panic or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and calmly.（2014四川）10.To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister，Mag

30、gie.（2013浙江）helpfulnoisypreviouslyBesidesclosecalmworse注意形容詞、副詞的混用；比較級與最高級。表語和補語為形容表語和補語為形容詞，名詞前的定語為形容詞詞，名詞前的定語為形容詞; ;副詞可修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、過副詞可修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、過去分詞、介詞短語或整個句子；去分詞、介詞短語或整個句子；比較級用于兩個人、物之間做比較；最高級用于三個或以上的人、物之間做比較。1.My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.（20

31、15陜西）2.In fact , I dont like to go any more, so Im afraid Ill lose their friendship. How do you think I should do? （2015四川）3.If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.（2015浙江）4.he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(2015全國卷II)5.There the air i

32、s clean or the mountains are green.(2015全國卷I)6.連接詞（邏輯關系）連接詞（邏輯關系）whenbutWhatAlthough/ Thoughthat或去掉或去掉whenand1.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. (2014全國卷I)2.A passenger realized he couldnt find his

33、ticket but became quite upset.(2014浙江)3.If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately.（2014四川）4.Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(2013全國卷II)5.With little sleep and hardly

34、any break, so he works from morning till night.That is which other teachers say. (2013遼寧）6.We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents.（2013四川）andwhichwhator邏輯關系 錯誤類型：連詞的多用、少用和誤用； 定語從句中關系代詞和關系副詞的誤用，特 別是which與that的誤用； 名詞性從句中連接詞的誤用，特別是what和 that的誤用。改正方法：在整句理解的基礎上，理清前后句的邏輯關系，

35、特別注意and、 or、 but、 after、before、 however、 therefore、 besides、 unless 、if等詞的使用是否正確。另外，在理解句意的基礎上正確判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)和層次，判斷從句引導詞的使用是否正確。1.I was very happy that I can wear clean and beautiful clothes at last.（2015保定一模）2.We must found ways to protect our environment. If we fail to do so，well live to regret it.(2015新課

36、標全國卷)3.After I graduated from high school，a friend of mine suggested that we started to learn the guitar because we both thought it was cool.（2015唐山一模）4.The answer sheet must cut from the newspaper and sent to China Daily before the deadline.(2015浙江金華十校4月模擬)5.What do you think I should do? If you ar

37、e me ,would you talk to him?(2015四川）7.情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣couldfindstartbewere1. It is high time you leave for Shanghai.2. She suggests that her brother not goes to college.3. The judge insisted that the spy was put in prison.4. How I wish I am as strong as you.5. It is necessary that the patient is s

38、ent to hospital right away.6. If he hadnt been caught in the storm yesterday, he will not be ill now.7. If I am you, I would give him a good beating.left gobewerebewouldwere情態(tài)動詞要注意時態(tài)與語態(tài)；虛擬語氣則情態(tài)動詞要注意時態(tài)與語態(tài)；虛擬語氣則要注意含有虛擬條件句的三種基本形式以要注意含有虛擬條件句的三種基本形式以及其他的一些基本規(guī)律。及其他的一些基本規(guī)律。8.時態(tài)與語態(tài)時態(tài)與語態(tài)1.(2015新課標卷)When I wa

39、s a child，I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.2.(2015新課標卷)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.3.(2014新課標卷II)There are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.We didnt need to do so much homework.4.(2014新課

40、標卷II)We can lie on the grass for a rest，or sat by the lake listening to music.5.(2014陜西)He wanted to teach me about animals.My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting.6.(2015新課標卷II)Tony was scared and begun to cry.7.(2015新課標卷II)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a

41、shop.thoughtdontsitcamebegantold1.(2014浙江卷)I was taking a train to Londons Victoria Station.I had noticed that the carriage was noisy and filled with people.2.(2014浙江卷)Before long，a train inspector comes to check our tickets.3.(2014遼寧卷)This morning she starts barking even before 5 oclock.4.Hardly di

42、d he got out of the taxi when a bus passed by.5. Whenever he enters a room where the windows were shut，he will immediately open them.6.We told a moment ago a driver had just turned in a wallet and then a policeman drive us to the company without delay.camestartedhadareweredrove 復習各種時態(tài)的基本用法，注意語態(tài)。聯(lián)系前后

43、文來確定時態(tài)。1.(2014陜西卷)He wanted teach me about animals，insects and trees.2.(2014陜西卷)One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue.3.(2015課標卷II)After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found his parents were missing.4.(2014遼寧卷)It is difficult to understanding why she barks e

44、very minute shes outside.5.(2013課標卷I)She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.6.(2013課標卷II) Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner.7.(2013浙江)I am awfully tiring, but I know Ill never fall asleep.9.非謂語動詞非謂語動詞tohavinglookingunderstandholdhavingtired8.(2

45、013陜西) Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.9.(2013四川)After think for some time, I let her copy my answers.10.The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world.11.It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station a

46、nd drove me to their home. 12. I was often a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort. 13.My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. Feelingthinkingto improvedrivewatchingto make非謂語動詞錯誤類型： 不定式符號to的多余與遺漏； to后跟動詞原形或

47、動名詞的誤用； 介詞后動詞形態(tài)的誤用； 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的誤用。 動詞與非謂語動詞混用錯誤改正方法： 不作謂語的動詞必須用非謂語動詞，具體形式由非謂語成分決定。 要牢記make、have、let后跟動詞作賓補時不加to，作主補時要加to； 介詞后作賓語的動詞形態(tài)用動名詞形式； 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別為：前者表示“動作主動和進行”，后者表示“動作被動和完成”。 考生要加強對含to短語的積累和總結(jié)，注意to何時能夠省略，何時為介詞，何時為不定式。1.（2014課標卷II)My dream school look like a big garden.2.（2014遼寧）The early mor

48、ning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.3.（2014四川）Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.4.(2013浙江）Good night and remember, you, dear diary, is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend.5.（2013遼寧） Hard work have

49、 made him very ill.6.But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability.10.主謂一致主謂一致lookshasgoesarehaswas避免受漢語習慣的影響，謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上要與主語保持一致。1.Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，are going to visit Beijing this summer.2.Either you or one of your students are to attend the meeting th

50、at is due tomorrow.3.A survey of the opinions of experts show that three hours of outdoor exercise a week are good for ones health.4.As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area needs repairing.5.John as well as the other children who has no parents are being taken good c

51、are of in the center.6.The number of people，who have access to their own cars，have risen sharply in the past decade.isisshowsisneedhaveishas1.He seated on the grass.2.He returned back yesterday.3.There were a lot of people died in the fire.4.It was in the Youth Palace where I saw a film last night.5

52、.We must serve for the people heart and soul.6.When we entered into the room, the meeting had already begun.7.Do careful when you cross the street. 8.Though were tired, they went on working.9.The children were playing football on the road but the police told them not.其他其他himselfwhothatbetheyto Being

53、 responsible is actually not that difficult. I used to think it is hard to grow up into a responsible member of the society. An incident happening in a rainy Sunday afternoon changed my attitude. I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light while a girl was knocked down by pa

54、ssing car, which drove off quickly. A man immediately gave her first aid and I had joined in without hesitation. Soon many help was given to the girl. Because we sent her to the nearest hospitals in time, she was able to receive properly treatment. Not badly injured, I expressed gratitude to those giving help. Compared with the escaping driver