高考英語(yǔ)第二輪熱點(diǎn)專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)——動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、豆丁網(wǎng)2011年高考英語(yǔ)第二輪熱點(diǎn)專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)內(nèi)容解讀1高考考查的八種動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；一般過(guò)去時(shí)；一般將來(lái)時(shí)；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；過(guò)去完成時(shí)；過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。2容易混淆的三組動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是：一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)；過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。3各種時(shí)態(tài)及含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式和應(yīng)用。能力解讀1了解動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)、體概念；2了解?？及朔N時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法并能夠在真實(shí)的情景中恰當(dāng)使用八種時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行交際；3能夠區(qū)別容易混淆的時(shí)態(tài)的用法；4掌握各種時(shí)態(tài)及含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式和應(yīng)用；分清動(dòng)詞的詞性，熟悉并掌握常見(jiàn)的不及物動(dòng)詞happen, take place

2、, occur, exist 等，它們不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)； 分清主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系； 變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞一般為及物動(dòng)詞，但有些不及物動(dòng)詞與介詞所形成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可有被動(dòng)形式，此時(shí)，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后介詞不能丟； 熟悉并掌握主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況。規(guī)律方法1試題的立意由簡(jiǎn)單直接的“結(jié)構(gòu)立意”（如狀語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句等）轉(zhuǎn)向了“情景立意”。試題創(chuàng)設(shè)的語(yǔ)境明確，交際情景（對(duì)話形式占有一定比例）多是發(fā)生在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)或日常生活中的真實(shí)情況。這樣的情景設(shè)置實(shí)質(zhì)上是對(duì)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、語(yǔ)義理解和語(yǔ)言交際能力的綜合考查，體現(xiàn)了高考試題由“知識(shí)立意”向“能力立意”轉(zhuǎn)變?nèi)嗣}原則。2題干中的有效信息由“外顯的”轉(zhuǎn)向“隱藏的”。3試題

3、的設(shè)問(wèn)多以中學(xué)生普遍感到難以把握的幾組時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)相互干擾。命題趨勢(shì)毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，對(duì)于動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的考查仍交進(jìn)高考的測(cè)試重點(diǎn)。試題將繼續(xù)呈現(xiàn)“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原則，即在考查固定句式中的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的同時(shí)，注重在上下文中考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，注重在語(yǔ)境中考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。突破方法1學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，切不可脫離實(shí)際運(yùn)用的語(yǔ)言，一味死記硬背語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的條條框框。了解了八種時(shí)態(tài)的一些常見(jiàn)規(guī)則之后，要留心以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)者在實(shí)際生活中是如何使用各種時(shí)態(tài)的語(yǔ)態(tài)的。其實(shí)，教材中每單元第一課的情景對(duì)話，是領(lǐng)司時(shí)態(tài)用法真諦的最佳語(yǔ)言材料。2答題時(shí)，研讀題干，搜索出盡可能多的“時(shí)間參照信息”，尤其是動(dòng)詞冗余信息中的時(shí)間信息。如

4、第10題目中的havent said, do, im, sooner, think, its 等，這些表達(dá)中都含有時(shí)間信息，發(fā)現(xiàn)和有效利用這些信息是解決問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵。3解決時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)問(wèn)題，要遵循如下解題思路： 這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能發(fā)生在什么時(shí)間？題干句中可參照的時(shí)間信息有哪些？ 這個(gè)動(dòng)作處于什么狀態(tài)，高考資源網(wǎng)是進(jìn)行中，還是已結(jié)束（完成）？限制或修飾這個(gè)動(dòng)作的狀語(yǔ)信息有哪些？（第4題中的rapidly 是個(gè)很關(guān)鍵的信息詞） 這個(gè)動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)？只要全面細(xì)致地考慮了這些問(wèn)題的答案，試題的正確答案也就水落石出了。知識(shí)清單清單一 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一、時(shí)態(tài)的概念時(shí)態(tài)是一種動(dòng)詞形式，它是“時(shí)”和“體”

5、的組合。“時(shí)”有現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)、過(guò)去將來(lái)之分；“體”有一般、進(jìn)行、完成、完成進(jìn)行之別。動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作可發(fā)生于四種不同的時(shí)間，表現(xiàn)四種不同的“體”，每一種“時(shí)+體”就構(gòu)成一種時(shí)態(tài)。所以英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞共有（4×4）十六種時(shí)態(tài)，高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大納中要求掌握的只有八種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。另外現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和將來(lái)完成時(shí)也比較常用。二、一般體、進(jìn)行體、完成體的含義一向指某動(dòng)作既不正在進(jìn)行又不確定完成與否的一種廣泛意義上的方式。進(jìn)行指一種持續(xù)性的、未完成的動(dòng)作。動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)還伴有其他一些意義，如：有限度的延續(xù)性、感

6、情色彩、同時(shí)性、描述的生動(dòng)性、強(qiáng)調(diào)性等。完成則表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在某個(gè)時(shí)間以前，但動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間總是未經(jīng)明確指出的。通過(guò)例句體會(huì)它們的含義差別：the teacher writes his own notes. （現(xiàn)在習(xí)續(xù)性動(dòng)作）the teacher is writing his notes now. （暫時(shí)的還在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）the teacher has already written his notes. （現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作）xiao wang comes late often. （現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作）xiao wang is always coming late. （帶有不滿的色彩）i re

7、ad a book yesterday evening. （在過(guò)去時(shí)間的動(dòng)作）i was reading a book yesterday evening. （過(guò)去時(shí)間未完成的持續(xù)動(dòng)作）i have read the book. （現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)讀完那本書(shū)了）she is always finding fault with others. 她總是挑剔別人的毛病。he is constantly leaving things about. 他總是丟三拉四。i am hoping you can come and have supper with us. 我正希望您能來(lái)和我們一起吃晚飯。（比如i hop

8、e語(yǔ)氣更委婉）she has been saying that twenty times. 這話她已經(jīng)說(shuō)了20遍。三、一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別1一般過(guò)去時(shí)所表示的一個(gè)或一段過(guò)去時(shí)間是可以具體確定的，與其他時(shí)間沒(méi)有牽連。它所表示的事情純屬過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在情況沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的事情發(fā)生在不能具體指出的現(xiàn)在以前的過(guò)去產(chǎn)某個(gè)或某段時(shí)間。它所表示的事情與現(xiàn)在情況有關(guān)系，是過(guò)去事情在現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響。2一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用的狀語(yǔ)有yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, at that time 等；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用的狀語(yǔ)有al

9、ready, just (剛剛), yet, never, before 等；表示從過(guò)去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：today, now, lately, recently, in the last / past few days / years (在過(guò)去的這幾天/年里)。since then, up to now, so far (至今)等。3比較下面幾組句子，體會(huì)兩種時(shí)態(tài)的不同：he served in the army from 1952 to 1954. （這是過(guò)去的一件事）he has served in the army for 5 years. （現(xiàn)在他仍在軍中服役

10、，他是個(gè)軍人）he wrote many plays when he was at college. 他上大學(xué)的時(shí)候，寫(xiě)了許多劇本。（寫(xiě)劇本是他過(guò)去的事）he has written many plays. 他寫(xiě)了許多部劇本。（這意味著他是劇作家）i saw hero last year. 去年我看了英雄這部電影。（看英雄的時(shí)間是去年，與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間無(wú)關(guān)）i have seen hero before. 高.考.資.源.網(wǎng)我以前看過(guò)英雄這部電影。（強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在還知道這部電影的內(nèi)容。以前看過(guò)，但“以前”是表示一個(gè)與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的過(guò)去時(shí)間，而不是一個(gè)確定的與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)的過(guò)去時(shí)間。）四、一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的

11、用法區(qū)別1一般過(guò)去時(shí)是對(duì)現(xiàn)在說(shuō)話時(shí)刻而言的，過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是對(duì)過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻而言。兩種時(shí)態(tài)建立的時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)不同，對(duì)過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)說(shuō)，這一個(gè)時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)十分重要，它是過(guò)去完成概念賴(lài)以建立的基礎(chǔ)，也是和一般過(guò)去時(shí)相區(qū)別的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。2過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用by 和before 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)表示，如by that time, by the end of, before 2000, by the time +句子等。高.考.資.源.網(wǎng)五、過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別1兩種時(shí)態(tài)都常與一段時(shí)間和狀語(yǔ)連用，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或同現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的動(dòng)作（句中不可有表示過(guò)去特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)），而過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示的是在

12、過(guò)去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成或延續(xù)到過(guò)去某時(shí)的勸作（句中有表示過(guò)去特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)）。2比較下面的說(shuō)法she had been ill for a week before she came back. 她在回來(lái)之前就生病一個(gè)星期了。（回來(lái)發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間，發(fā)病發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去）she has been ill for a week. 她生病一個(gè)星期了。（現(xiàn)在仍在生?。┝?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的一些典型用法1在if, unless, even if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，在when, before, until (till), as soon as, the moment, once 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，在no

13、matter what /who / which / when / where / how 或whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句是將來(lái)時(shí)（往往出現(xiàn)will / shall / can / must ）或主句是祈使句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如： ill go with you as soon as i finish my work. the new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she ar

14、rives. can i join your club, dad ? you can when you get a bit older. if city noises are not kept from increasing, people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.2would 與used to would 與used to 都可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常常

15、可以換用。如：when we were boys we used to / would go swimming every summer. 小時(shí)候，每天夏天我們都要去游泳。he used to . would spend every penny he earned on books. 過(guò)去他通常把掙來(lái)的錢(qián)全花在買(mǎi)書(shū)了。 would 之后要接表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，不接表示認(rèn)識(shí)或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，而used to 則無(wú)此限制。如：i used to like football when i was at middle school. he used to be nervous in the exam. wou

16、ld 表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如果某一動(dòng)作沒(méi)有反復(fù)性，就不能用would, 只能用used to。如：and from that day on, as soon as the table was cleared and the dishes were gone, mother would disappear into he sewing room to practice. 從那天起，只要碗盤(pán)撤掉、飯桌清理干凈，媽媽就馬上躲進(jìn)做針線活的房間練習(xí)起來(lái)。（具有反復(fù)性）i used to live in beijing. 我過(guò)去住在北京。（沒(méi)有反復(fù)性） used to 表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，

17、現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束（含有較強(qiáng)的“今非昔比”的意思），would 則只表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)過(guò)去一種回想心情，有可能再發(fā)生。如：people used to believe that the earth was flat. 過(guò)去，人們總以為地球是扁平的。（現(xiàn)在已不再這樣認(rèn)為）he would go to the park as soon as he was free.過(guò)去他一有空就去公園。（現(xiàn)在有可能再去）3be +動(dòng)詞不定式 表示按計(jì)劃或安排要做的事。例如：when are you to leave for two days to new york ?你什么時(shí)候去紐約？she is to get marrie

18、d next month. 她下個(gè)月結(jié)婚。這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可用于過(guò)去。was / were to do sth. 表示曾經(jīng)計(jì)劃要做某事，但不表明計(jì)劃是否被執(zhí)行，或表示“命運(yùn)（即使中注定要發(fā)生的事）”，而非計(jì)劃；was / were to have done sth. 表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的計(jì)劃。例如：i felt excited because i was soon to leave home for the first time. 我感到很激動(dòng)，因?yàn)槲液芸炀鸵状坞x開(kāi)家了。we were to have told you, but you were not in. 我們本來(lái)想告訴你的，但是你不在家。 表示

19、“指令”，相當(dāng)于should, ought to, must, have to。例如：you are to report to the police. 你應(yīng)該報(bào)警。what is to be done ? 應(yīng)該怎么辦呢？this medicine is to be taken three times a day. 這種藥一天要服三次。the books in this room are not to be taken outside. (the books in this room mustnt be taken outside.) 這個(gè)室內(nèi)的書(shū)籍不得帶出室外。 表示“想，打算”，相當(dāng)于int

20、end, want。例如：if we are to be there before ten, well have to go now. 如果我們想在十點(diǎn)前到，我們現(xiàn)在就得走。 用于第一人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句，表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。例如：am i to go on with the work ? 要我繼續(xù)這項(xiàng)工作嗎？what are we to do next ? 我們下一步該怎么辦？ 在與be 連用的結(jié)構(gòu)中，see, find, congratulate 的不定式被動(dòng)式有特殊的用法。例如：the news is to be found in the evening paper. 這條消息可以在晚報(bào)上見(jiàn)到。he

21、 is nowhere to be seen. 在哪里也見(jiàn)不到他。you are to be congratulated. 應(yīng)當(dāng)向您表示祝賀。高.考.資.源.網(wǎng)4瞬間動(dòng)詞又叫非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，還叫終止性動(dòng)詞。瞬間動(dòng)詞可以有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，但不可以接一段時(shí)間，若要接一段時(shí)間，須要做一些相應(yīng)的變換。瞬間動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)態(tài)中的否定式可以接一段時(shí)間。× he has come to beijing since last year. he has lived in beijing since last year. × he has joined the army for 3 years. he

22、 has served in the army for 3 years. he joined the army 3 years ago. he has been a soldier for 3 years. it is 3 years since he joined the army. he has joined the army. 他已參軍了。常見(jiàn)的瞬間動(dòng)詞有：come, go, get to / reach / arrive at, leave, buy, sell, open, close, get up, join /take part in, begin /start, return

23、 / give, borrow / lend, become / turn, bring /take, give, die, finish /end, receive /hear from, marry, break, lose, jump 等。5語(yǔ)境中的過(guò)去時(shí)，往往表示“剛才，剛剛”之意，暗示現(xiàn)在已“不再這樣”。如： come on in, peter. i want to show you something. oh, how nice of you ! i never thought you were going to bring me a gift. your phone number

24、 again ? i didnt quite catch it. nancy is not coming tonight. but she promised !6表示愿望、打算一類(lèi)的詞，如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose, want 等，其過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去未增實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。如：i had hoped to see more of shanghai. 我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿）i had meant to help you, but i was too busy at the moment. 我本想去幫你的，但當(dāng)時(shí)

25、確實(shí)太忙了。i had thought you would come tomorrow. 我愿以來(lái)你明天才來(lái)呢。7某些固定句式中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是固定的、約定俗成的。 this / it is the first / secondtime + that 從句。that 從句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，如果把前邊的is 改為was，則that 從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：this is the first time i have come here.it was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake. it is / has been + 一段時(shí)間 +

26、since 從句。since 從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：it was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. be about to dowhen意為“即將（這時(shí)）突然”。如：i was about to go out when the telephone rang. be (was /were) + doing when 意為“正在干（這時(shí)）突然”。如they were reading when tom shouted in pain. hardly haddonewhen ; no sooner haddonethanwhen 和t

27、han 從句里用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示“剛剛就”。如：hardly (no sooner) had i got home when (than) the rain poured down. 我剛到家大雨就傾盆而下。高.考.資.源.網(wǎng) it + be + 一段時(shí)間 + before 從句這個(gè)句式分兩種情況：如果主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)時(shí)，意為多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后即將發(fā)生某事；如果主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也用過(guò)去時(shí)，意為多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間后發(fā)生了某事。如：it wont be long before he succeeds. ( = he will succeed soom.)it was ten years b

28、efore they met again. ( = they met again ten years later. )8高考對(duì)于進(jìn)行體的?？键c(diǎn) 一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作作為背景，被一個(gè)短動(dòng)作打斷，長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作往往用進(jìn)行體，短動(dòng)作用一般體。如：my brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. the students were writing busily when miss brown went to get a book she had left in the office. tom slipped into the house

29、when no one was looking. as she was reading the newspaper, granny fell asleep. the reporter said that the ufo was traveling east to west when he saw it. 表示動(dòng)作的未完性、暫時(shí)性。如： have you moved into the new house ? not yet. the rooms are being painted. i dont really work here; i am just helping out until the

30、new secretary arrives. shirley was writing a book about china last year but i dont know whether she has finished it. selecting a mobile phone for a personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly. 表示計(jì)劃、安排要做的事。如：ive won a holiday for two days to florida. i am taking my mum. wha

31、t were you doing when tony phoned you ? i had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower. 表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)時(shí)發(fā)展中的或正在進(jìn)行的情況。如：i dont think jim saw me; he was just starting into space. i first met lisa 3 years ago. she was working at a radio shop at the time. is this raincoat yours ? no, mine is hangi

32、ng there behind the door. hey, look where you are going ! oh, im terribly sorry, i wasnt noticing. 清單二 主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)一、注意短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)that old man was often laughed at. 那位老人常受人嘲笑。the doctor has been sent for. 已經(jīng)派人請(qǐng)大夫去了。time must be made good use of. 時(shí)間一定要充分利用。the plan will be given up. 那計(jì)劃就要被放棄了。bad habit

33、s have been done away with. 壞習(xí)慣已經(jīng)改掉了。（在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，切不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞，關(guān)于這類(lèi)及物性質(zhì)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞請(qǐng)看專(zhuān)題五）he must be prevented from going. 必須阻止他去。the plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible. 計(jì)劃必須盡早執(zhí)行。（謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be +過(guò)去分詞）二、get + 過(guò)去分詞可以表示被動(dòng)，此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語(yǔ)化，如：she got married last week. 她上周結(jié)婚了。the patient got treated once

34、 a week. 那位病菌人一周得到一次治療。he fell off the car and got killed. 他從車(chē)上摔下來(lái)，摔死了。三、主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義1系動(dòng)詞look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep + 形容詞/名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：the steel feels cold. his plan proved (to be) practical. it has gone bad. 高.考.資.源.網(wǎng)高.考.資.源.網(wǎng)高.考.資

35、.源.網(wǎng)高.考.資.源.網(wǎng)高.考.資.源.網(wǎng)2表示開(kāi)始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。work began at 7 oclock this morning. the shop closes at 6 p.m. every day. 3表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性特征的動(dòng)詞。如read, write, act, iron, cut draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink。這

36、類(lèi)動(dòng)詞一般不單獨(dú)使用，常用一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)。如：this coat dries easily. 這種外衣容易干。nylon cleans easily. 尼龍容易洗干凈。the door wont lock. 這門(mén)鎖不上。food can keep fresh in a fridge. 食物在冰箱里能保鮮。your speech reads well. 你的演說(shuō)講得好。this material has worn thin. 這個(gè)材料已經(jīng)磨薄了。his book does not sell. 他的書(shū)沒(méi)有銷(xiāo)路。your pen writes smoothly. 你的筆好寫(xiě)。this lock wont

37、 catch. 這鎖鎖不上。the match wont catch. 火柴擦不著。the plan worked out wonderfully. 這計(jì)劃制定得很好。the recorder wont play. 這錄音機(jī)不轉(zhuǎn)。the engine wont start. 引擎發(fā)動(dòng)不起來(lái)。this knife cuts well. 這把刀子很快。the cloth washes well. 這布很耐洗。4少數(shù)動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如print, cook, fry, hang, build, make。 如：the books are printing. 這本書(shū)正在排印中。

38、the neat is cooking. 肉在煮。5介詞in, on, under 等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)意義表示方位的介詞與含動(dòng)作意義的名詞合用，含被動(dòng)之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。常見(jiàn)的有：under control (受控制)，under treatment (在治療中)，under repair (在修理中)，under discussion (在討論中)，under construction (在施工中)，beyond belief (令人難以置信)，beyond ones reach (鞭長(zhǎng)莫及)，beyond ones control (無(wú)法控制

39、)，beyond our hope (我們始料不及)，for sale (出售)，for rent (出租)，in print (在印刷中)，in sight (在視野范圍內(nèi))，on sale (出售)，on show (展出)，on trial (受審)，out of control (控制不了)，out of sight (超出視線之外)，out of ones reach (夠不著)，out of fashion (不流行)。如：the building is under construction (is being constructed).the rumor is beyond be

40、lief ( = cant be believed ).his honest character is above all praise. ( = his honest character cannot be praised enough.)that house is for sale. ( = that house is to be sold.) w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。mthe book is not yet in print ( = is not yet printed ).today some treasures are on show in the museum ( =

41、are being showed).the plane was out of control (cant be controlled).he took two days off within the teachers permission.6不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：fit, have, wish, cost, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 等。如：this key just fi

42、ts the lock. your story agrees with what had already been heard.小試牛刀1. hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. a. lose b. will be lost c. are lost d. will lose 2. ive won a holiday for two days to florida. i _ my mum.a. am taking b. have taken c. take d. will have taken 3. a new cinema _ here. the

43、y hope to finish it next month. a. will be built b. is built c. has been built d. is being built 4. selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.a. is changing b. has changed c. will have changed d. will change 5. i _ ping pong quite well, but i havent ha

44、d time to play since the new year. a. played b. will play c. have played d. play 6. visitors _ not to touch the exhibits. a. will request b. request c. are requesting d. are requested 7. john and i _ friends for eight years. we first got to know each other at a christmas party. but we _ each other a

45、 couple of times before that.a. had been; have seen w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m b. have been; have seen c. had been; had seen w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m d. have been; had seen 8. this is teds photo. we miss him a lot. he _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. a. killed b. is killed c. was killed d. was killin

46、g 9. how are the team playing ? they are playing well, but one of them _ hurt. a. got b. gets c. are d. were 10. you havent said a word about my new coua, brenda. do you like it ? im sorry, i _ anything about it sooner. i certainly think its pretty on you. a. wasnt saying b. dont say c. wont say d.

47、didnt say 11. i wonder why jenny _ us recently. we should have heard from her by now. a. hasnt written b. doesnt write c. wont write d. hadnt written 12. my uncle _ until he was forty five. a. married b. didnt marry c. was not marrying d. would marry 13. when will you come to see me, dad ? i will go

48、 to see you when you _ the training course. a. will have finished b. will finish c. are finishing d. finish 14. how long _ at this job ? since 1990. w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。ma. were you cmployed b. have you been employed c. had you been employed

49、d. will you be employed 15. with the rapid growth of population, the city _ in all directions in the past five years. a. spreads b. has spread c. spread d. had spread 16. the silence of the library _ only by the sound of pages being turned over. a. has been broken b. breaks c. broke d. was broken 17

50、. all morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _. a. has grown b. is growing c. grew d. had grown 18. why dont you put the meat in the fridge ? it will _ fresh for several days. a. be stayed b. stay c. be staying d. have stayed 19. sorry, joe, i didnt mean to w。w

51、。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m dont call me “joe”. im mr parker to you, and _ you forget it !a. do b. didnt c. did d. dont 20. at this time tomorrow _ over the atlantic. a. were going to fly b. well be flying c. well fly d. were to fly 21. the news came as no surprise to me. i _ for some time that the factory was

52、 going to shut down. a. had known b. knew c. have known d. know 22. i thought jim would say something about his school report, but he _ it. a. doesnt mention b. hadnt mentioned c. didnt mention d. hasnt mentioned 23. no one in the department but tom and i _ that the director is going to resign. a. k

53、nows b. know c. have known d. am to know 24. although he has lived with us for years, he _ us much impression. a. hadnt left b. didnt leave c. doesnt leave d. hasnt left 25. how can you possibly miss the news ? it _ on tv all day long. a. has been b. bad been c. was d. will be 26. sorry to have inte

54、rrupted you. please go on. where was i ? you _ you didnt like your fathers job. a. had said b. said c. were saying d. had been saying 27. i arrived late; i _ the road to be so iey. a. wouldnt expect b. havent expected c. hadnt expected d. wasnt expecting 28. i _ while reading the english textbook. luckily, my roommate woke me up in time !a. had fallen asleep b. have fallen asleep c. fell asleep d. fall asleep 29. lets keep to the poin