山東省菏澤市2019年初中英語(yǔ)學(xué)業(yè)水平考試題型專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)題型四閱讀理解課件

1、菏澤題型四 閱讀理解一、閱讀理解一、閱讀理解“三步三步”定位法定位法第一步看題干，定位題干關(guān)鍵詞第一步看題干，定位題干關(guān)鍵詞先看問(wèn)題，找出題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，猜測(cè)文章大意。先看問(wèn)題，找出題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，猜測(cè)文章大意。第二步讀文章，一次定位找原文第二步讀文章，一次定位找原文帶著關(guān)鍵詞快速通讀全文，畫出與題干內(nèi)容相關(guān)的詞匯和句帶著關(guān)鍵詞快速通讀全文，畫出與題干內(nèi)容相關(guān)的詞匯和句子，并在腦海中形成篇章結(jié)構(gòu)圖。子，并在腦海中形成篇章結(jié)構(gòu)圖。第三步回看題，連線解讀定答案第三步回看題，連線解讀定答案細(xì)讀題干、選項(xiàng)，針對(duì)已畫出的原文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行二次定位，精細(xì)讀題干、選項(xiàng)，針對(duì)已畫出的原文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行二次定位，精準(zhǔn)連線，

2、鎖定答案。準(zhǔn)連線，鎖定答案。二、具體解題技巧二、具體解題技巧1細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題多從文章的某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)出發(fā)來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)題目，考查對(duì)文多從文章的某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)出發(fā)來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)題目，考查對(duì)文章具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的理解能力，屬于表層理解題范疇，難度章具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的理解能力，屬于表層理解題范疇，難度較小，但所占的比例最大，一般占總分值的較小，但所占的比例最大，一般占總分值的60%85%。常。常見的設(shè)題方式有：用見的設(shè)題方式有：用what, where, which, why, who, how等疑等疑問(wèn)詞進(jìn)行提問(wèn)；用問(wèn)詞進(jìn)行提問(wèn)；用according to.開頭，后接短文具體內(nèi)容；開頭，后接短文具體內(nèi)容

3、；用動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)、介賓結(jié)構(gòu)或系表結(jié)構(gòu)等的設(shè)題方式；以用動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)、介賓結(jié)構(gòu)或系表結(jié)構(gòu)等的設(shè)題方式；以.because的提問(wèn)方式等。的提問(wèn)方式等。解答這類題要學(xué)會(huì)以下技巧：解答這類題要學(xué)會(huì)以下技巧：(1)如果所提問(wèn)題是文章中現(xiàn)成的內(nèi)容，可以直接搜尋；如果所提問(wèn)題是文章中現(xiàn)成的內(nèi)容，可以直接搜尋；(2)細(xì)讀文章的第一段或前幾句，注意每段的開頭句和結(jié)尾細(xì)讀文章的第一段或前幾句，注意每段的開頭句和結(jié)尾句；句；(3)重視結(jié)尾段，作者一般會(huì)在結(jié)尾段作出總結(jié)，表達(dá)自己重視結(jié)尾段，作者一般會(huì)在結(jié)尾段作出總結(jié)，表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。的觀點(diǎn)。(4)搜索間接答案，即所提問(wèn)題與文中的答案不是完全一樣搜索間接答案，即所提問(wèn)題與文中

4、的答案不是完全一樣的，需要進(jìn)行同義詞或同義句的轉(zhuǎn)換。首先要鎖定題干中的，需要進(jìn)行同義詞或同義句的轉(zhuǎn)換。首先要鎖定題干中的關(guān)鍵信息，然后定位到文中具體某一句或某一段，再選的關(guān)鍵信息，然后定位到文中具體某一句或某一段，再選出答案。出答案。例例 i grew up in new hampshire, a small town in south canada, where in my fathers words for the seasons were “spring, summer, fairtime and winter！” at that time, a weeklong fair(集市集市)

5、was held in the town every autumn. thousands of people from other towns came to sell and buy things. it was the busiest time of the year.thousands of people came to the town to at the fair.aenjoy grandmas foodbsell and buy thingsclearn to cook【解析解析】 b由本段第三句話可知，數(shù)千人來(lái)到小鎮(zhèn)是為了由本段第三句話可知，數(shù)千人來(lái)到小鎮(zhèn)是為了在集市上買東西，故

6、選在集市上買東西，故選b。2推理判斷題推理判斷題一般說(shuō)來(lái)主要有：對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推理判斷、對(duì)某個(gè)問(wèn)題或某一部一般說(shuō)來(lái)主要有：對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推理判斷、對(duì)某個(gè)問(wèn)題或某一部分的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度的推理判斷；對(duì)作者在整篇文章中的態(tài)度、分的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度的推理判斷；對(duì)作者在整篇文章中的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)和寫作意圖的推理判斷。常見的設(shè)題方式有：觀點(diǎn)和寫作意圖的推理判斷。常見的設(shè)題方式有：(1)the sentence/paragraph/passage infers that.(2)we can learn form the sentence/paragraph/passage that.(3)the sentence/paragraph

7、/passage implies that.(4)by saying., the author means.(5)what can we infer from the.(6)at the end of the passage the writer suggests.(7) from the second example we can infer that.(8)it can be concluded/inferred from the passage that.例例 one day, a little boy decided to dig a hole behind his house aft

8、er watching a science program. as he was working, a couple of boys stopped by to watch. “what are you doing？” asked one of the visitors. “i want to dig a deep hole all the way through the earth！” the boy answered excitedly. the older boys began to laugh, telling him that it was impossible to do it.

9、then they left.it can be inferred from the passage that the older boys think the little boy is asilly bstrict cfriendly【解析解析】 a由本段倒數(shù)第二句可知，那些年紀(jì)大一些的男由本段倒數(shù)第二句可知，那些年紀(jì)大一些的男孩嘲笑小男孩，說(shuō)他不可能完成那件事，由此可推斷，他們孩嘲笑小男孩，說(shuō)他不可能完成那件事，由此可推斷，他們覺(jué)得小男孩很愚蠢，故選覺(jué)得小男孩很愚蠢，故選a。3詞義猜測(cè)題詞義猜測(cè)題該題型要求在充分理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)某單詞或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行該題型要求在充分理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)某單

10、詞或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行合理猜測(cè)。做題時(shí)可結(jié)合構(gòu)詞法、語(yǔ)法及相關(guān)知識(shí)積累進(jìn)行合理猜測(cè)。做題時(shí)可結(jié)合構(gòu)詞法、語(yǔ)法及相關(guān)知識(shí)積累進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。猜測(cè)。例例 a serious sandstorm(沙塵暴沙塵暴) has hit beijing, together with five to seven degree strong wind. a great yellow dust cloud enveloped the chinese capital last sunday.what does “enveloped” mean in this passage?a信封信封 b遮蓋遮蓋 c刮走刮走【解析解析】 b由前面可

11、知，沙塵暴襲擊了北京，再結(jié)合句法由前面可知，沙塵暴襲擊了北京，再結(jié)合句法可知可知envelop在此是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，排除在此是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，排除a；再結(jié)合生活常識(shí)可判；再結(jié)合生活常識(shí)可判斷，此處斷，此處envelop是表示是表示“遮蓋遮蓋”之意，故選之意，故選b。4主旨大意題主旨大意題考查考生對(duì)短文整體的理解概括能力。常見的提問(wèn)方式有：考查考生對(duì)短文整體的理解概括能力。常見的提問(wèn)方式有：(1)what is the main idea/subject/topic of the passage？(2)the author is mainly concerned with.(3)what does the

12、passage mainly discuss？(4)the passage is mainly about.(5)which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?解答該類題目時(shí)可注意以下幾點(diǎn)：解答該類題目時(shí)可注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)有標(biāo)題的文章，要從標(biāo)題開始閱讀，因?yàn)闃?biāo)題常是文章的有標(biāo)題的文章，要從標(biāo)題開始閱讀，因?yàn)闃?biāo)題常是文章的主題；主題；(2)注意段首和段尾，有些文章會(huì)在段首或段尾給出全注意段首和段尾，有些文章會(huì)在段首或段尾給出全文主旨；文主旨；(3)有些文章的中心思想貫穿全文，建議最后做此類有些文章的中心思想貫穿

13、全文，建議最后做此類題目，因?yàn)樽鐾昶渌}目后，題目，因?yàn)樽鐾昶渌}目后， 自然就會(huì)對(duì)文章主旨有一定自然就會(huì)對(duì)文章主旨有一定的把握；的把握；(4)留心關(guān)鍵詞，抓住文章主旨，關(guān)鍵詞即文中反復(fù)留心關(guān)鍵詞，抓住文章主旨，關(guān)鍵詞即文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的、與主題有關(guān)的名詞或動(dòng)詞。出現(xiàn)的、與主題有關(guān)的名詞或動(dòng)詞。例例 schools will go electronic. computers will be important and popular among the students. everything will be in the computer and students will not need t

14、o bring books to school. they will find information on the internet. a computer will be the students library, schoolbag and connection to the outside world. there will be robot teachers. they will check homework on computers and communicate with the students parents through email.whats the main idea

15、 of this passage?aschools will go electronic.bcomputers will be important.cthere will be robot teachers.【解析解析】 a第一句為中心句，后面是對(duì)其擴(kuò)展和論述，故第一句為中心句，后面是對(duì)其擴(kuò)展和論述，故選選a。5數(shù)字推算題數(shù)字推算題要求學(xué)生根據(jù)提供的數(shù)據(jù)以及內(nèi)在關(guān)系做出簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算和推要求學(xué)生根據(jù)提供的數(shù)據(jù)以及內(nèi)在關(guān)系做出簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算和推斷。斷。例例 i won a prize for one of my paintings when i was fourteen. that may be why i went to ar