高中英語賓語從句

1、高中英語語法知識（4）賓語從句(The Object Clause)在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句分為三類：動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。一、賓語從句三姊妹（即：引導(dǎo)詞 that，if/whether，wh-/how）1.由that 引導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語從句，用于很多動詞后。如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等動詞后。連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略，但在大多數(shù)情況下還是以不省為好，特別是筆語中。I told him

2、 that he was wrong.We knew（that）we should learn from each other.2.由連詞if、whether 引導(dǎo)的表示“是否”的賓語從句。Whether, if 在從句中不做句子成分，一般情況下，whether和if 可以替換。I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.3.由wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which,和連接副詞wh

3、en, where, why, how 等連接的賓語從句，它們在句中既有連接從句的作用，又在句中充當句子的成分。Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定語)I dont know where he lives. (where 做地點狀語)Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？（how做方式狀語）二、賓語從句三關(guān)1. 引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)如果從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that（that在口語或非正式文體中常省略）；如果從句是一般疑問句，引導(dǎo)詞用if/whether；如

4、果從句是特殊疑問句，引導(dǎo)詞用由疑問詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來的疑問代詞/副詞。2. 語序關(guān)賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序，即 連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分I believe that they will come soon. He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do for us.3. 時態(tài)關(guān)1).當主句為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,賓語從句的時態(tài)一般不受主句的時態(tài)所影響,可根據(jù)實際情況而定。I have heard（that）he will come back next week.2).當主句是一般過去時態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)

5、的過去的時態(tài)。- 2 - / 17He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.He asked me if I was reading the story “The Old Man and the Sea” when he came in.He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the strike.3).當從句表示

6、的是一個客觀真理,自然現(xiàn)象等時，不管主句是什么時態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時。He said that light travels much faster than sound.The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.三、可以接賓語從句的幾種情況：1.動詞的賓語從句：1).大多數(shù)動詞都可以帶賓語從句。We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.He told us that they would help us

7、 though the whole work.2).部分“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句。I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?3).動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句。常見的這些詞有：make sure確保， make up ones mind，下決心 keep in mind牢記Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers

8、before you turn them in.4).可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句動詞find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有賓語補足語的時候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. We all find it impo

9、rtant that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter. 有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it。這類動詞主要有:hate, like, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they speak with their mouths full of food.He will have it that our plan is really practical.We take it that you will agree with us.When leaving the class

10、room, please see to it that all the lights are turned out.若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.2.介詞的賓語從句1）用wh-類的介詞賓語從句：We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 man

11、ned spaceship was sent up into space.2）用that引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句：有時候except, but, besides三個介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work in a company.3、形容詞的賓語從句常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有: sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised 等。I am sure I will pass the

12、 exam.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.五、if , whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別1. if和whether在作“是否”解時,引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動詞know, ask, care, wonder, find out等之后,介詞后一般不用if。 This depends upon whether we are determined to do it.It depends on whether he is ready. I

13、am not interested in whether you'll come or not.2. 少數(shù)動詞,如: discuss, doubt后的賓語從句常用whether.We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan.We were discussing whether we should discuss the business with them. 3. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.4. 在不定式前只能用whether.I cant decide whether to stay. Sh

14、e doesn't knows whether to get married now or wait.六、賓語從句的否定前移主句的謂語動詞是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect,等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致。I dont think he will come to my party. 而不能說成I think he wont come to my party.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,

15、is he?I don't believe they have finished their work yet, have they?如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?七、運用虛擬語氣的情況在表示：1.建議 suggest , advise, propose ; 2.要求demand 、desire、require、request ； 3.決定 decide; 4.命令 order、command; 5.堅決主張 ins

16、ist; 等動詞后跟賓語從句，用（should）+v（虛擬語氣） I suggested that you（should）study hard He ordered that we (should) go out at once 八、賓語從句中that不可省略的情況賓語從句that?？墒÷裕谝韵虑闆r下不能省略： 1. 當主句謂語動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，可以省略第一個that，其他不能省略。 I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better2. 當it作形式賓語時。 She made it

17、clear that she had nothing to do with him C當賓語從句前置時 That our team will win，I believe 九、兩副面孔if和when既能引導(dǎo)狀語從句，又能引導(dǎo)賓語從句。因此，遇到它們就要認真分析一下，它們究竟屬于“兩副面孔”的哪一副。If it rains tomorrow，I wont come.（時間狀語從句）I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （賓語從句）十、從句的簡化1. 當主句謂語動詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動詞時，從句常簡化為“賓語賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補為不帶to

18、的不定式或V-ing形式。She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.2. 當主句謂語動詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主語與從句主語相同時，從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.3. 在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，當從句主語與主句主

19、語或間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“連接代詞/副詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。Can you tell me how I can get to the station？Can you tell me how to get to the station？十一、鞏固練習1.將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句：1).These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2). Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teach

20、er told me _ light _ faster than sound.3).There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4). What's his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _.5).Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6). Do they want

21、 fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.7).What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.8).Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 9).When will they go to Beijing? I want to kno

22、w.I want to know _ _ _ _ _ Beijing.10). When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me _ _ _ _.2.選擇填空:( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he

23、from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car( ) 4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B.

24、why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in( )6. I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. Hell help us with our Engl

25、ish.A. why B. when C. how D. where( )7. - Be careful! Dont break the bottles. Do you hear _ I said, David?- Yes, MumA. what B. that C. why D. if( )8. - Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is?- He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of _.A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which

26、 D. what, where( )9. There is not much difference between the two. I really dont know _.A. what should I choose B. which I should chooseC. which should I choose D. what I should choose( )10. Did you find out _? A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking forC. whose child

27、she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for( )11. Are you interested in _?A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it( )12. I dont know _. Can you tell me?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the t

28、wo players are( )13. - What did the scientist say?- He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one day.A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly( )14. Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me _?A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bank C. where the nearest bank is D.

29、 the nearest bank is where( )15.She asked Tom _ with his car?A. what the matter was B. what the matter isC. what was the matter D. what is the matter( )16. Its 7:30. I cant believe you_ cooking dinner yet, Sally.A. havent started B. didnt C. dont start D. hadnt started( )17. The teacher told us yest

30、erday that December 25 _ Christmas Day.A. will be B. was C. has been D. is ( )18. The teacher said that the earth _round the sun.A. goes B. go C. went D. will go( )19. We d like to tell you that you _the exam.A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass( )20.- “Could you tell me_?” -“ Yes.

31、 They _ to the library.”A. where are the twins, have been B. where were the twins, have beenC. where the twins are, have gone D. where the twins were, have gone( )21. Our father said that he _ a new computer next week.A. will buy B. have bought C. would buy D. buys( )22. I hear that he _to Beijing y

32、esterday.A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone( )23. The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take( )24. The students want to know whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are( )25 She asked Linda if_ go and get some water for he

33、r. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may( )26. I hardly understand _ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who( )27. She didn't know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be D. if he will come( )28.I don't know _ he still lives here after so many yea

34、rs. A. whether B where C. what D. when( )29. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how( )30. He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose( )31. Please tell me _ last year. A. where does your sister work B. where did your sister work C where your sister works D. where your sister worked( )32. She asked me if I knew _ A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it( )33. Did you know _? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking