畢業(yè)論文基于單片機的直流電機控制器的設計

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6、tionparagraphfccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccormatlinespacinglinestopointsselectionparagraphformatlinespacinglinestopoctionparagraseleci目錄摘要.iabstract.ii1 系統(tǒng)論述.11.1 設計思路.11.2 基本原理.11.3 總體設計框圖.12 直流電機單元電路設計與分析.22.1 直流電機驅動模塊.22.2 直流電機的中斷鍵盤控制模塊.723 1602lcd 液晶顯示模塊.93 直流電機 pwm 控制

7、系統(tǒng)的實現.113.1 總電路圖.113.2 總電路功能介紹.123.3 直流電機控制程序.124 系統(tǒng)仿真.195 結束語.22參考文獻資料.23selectionparagraphformatlinespacinglinestopointsselectionparagraphformatlinespacinglinestopointselectionparagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaphformatlinespacinglinestopointsselectionparagraphformatlinespacingl

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13、停止等操作。并實現電路的仿真。為實現系統(tǒng)的微機控制，在設計中，采用了at89c51單片機作為整個控制系統(tǒng)的控制電路的核心部分，配以各種顯示、驅動模塊，實現對電動機轉速參數的顯示和測量；由命令輸入模塊、光電隔離模塊及h型驅動模塊組成。采用帶中斷的獨立式鍵盤作為命令的輸入，單片機在程序控制下，不斷給光電隔離電路發(fā)送pwm波形，h 型驅動電路完成電機正反轉控制.在設計中，采用pwm調速方式，通過改變pwm的占空比從而改變電動機的電樞電壓，進而實現對電動機的調速。設計的整個控制系統(tǒng)，在硬件結構上采用了大量的集成電路模塊，大大簡化了硬件電路，提高了系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性，使整個系統(tǒng)的性能得到提高。關鍵詞：

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19、nespacinglinestopointselectionparagraphfccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccormatlinespacinglinestopointsselectionparagraphformatlinespacinglinestopoctionparagraseleciiiabstractthis article is a dc motor pwm speed control design study, the main achievement of motor control. this

20、course is primarily designed to achieve pwm speed controller for forward and reverse, acceleration, deceleration, and stop such an operation. and to achieve the circuit simulation. to achieve system, microcomputer control, in the design, using at89c51 microcontroller control system as a whole, the c

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27、m the command input module, optical isolation module and h-drive module. with the stand-alone keyboard with a break as a command input, single-chip in the process control, continuing to the optical isolation circuit to send pwm waveform, h-type motor driving circuit to complete positive inversion co

28、ntrol. in the design, using pwm speed mode, by changing the pwm duty cycle to change the motor armature voltage, so as to realize the speed of the motor. design of the control system hardware structure with a large number of integrated circuit modules, greatly simplifying the hardware circuitry to i

29、mprove stability and reliability of the system so that the whole system performance is improved.key words: at89c51 microcontroller; pwm speed; positive inversion control; simulation。selectionparagraphformatlinespacinglinestopointsselectionparagraphformatlinespacinglinestopointselectionparagraaaaaaaa

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40、paragraphformatlinespacinglinestopointselectionparagraphfccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccormatlinespacinglinestopointsselectionparagraphformatlinespacinglinestopoctionparagraselec61 系統(tǒng)論述1.1 設計思路直流電機pwm控制系統(tǒng)的主要功能包括：直流電機的加速、減速以及電機的正轉和反轉，并且可以調整電機的轉速，還可以方便的讀出電機轉速的大小，能夠很方便的實現電機的智能控

41、制。其間，還包括直流電機的直接清零、啟動（置數）、暫停、連續(xù)功能。該直流電機系統(tǒng)由以下電路模塊組成：振蕩器和時鐘電路：這部分電路主要由80c51單片機和一些電容、晶振組成。設計輸入部分：這一模塊主要是利用帶中斷的獨立式鍵盤來實現。設計控制部分：主要由80c51單片機的外部中斷擴展電路組成。設計顯示部分：包括液晶顯示部分和led數碼顯示部分。液晶顯示部分由1602lcd液晶顯示模塊組成; led數碼顯示部分由七段數碼顯示管組成。直流電機pwm控制實現部分：主要由一些二極管、電機和l298直流電機驅動模塊組成。1.2 基本原理主體電路：即直流電機pwm控制模塊。這部分電路主要由80c51單片機的i

42、/o端口、定時計數器、外部中斷擴展等控制直流電機的加速、減速以及電機的正轉和反轉，并且可以調整電機的轉速，還可以方便的讀出電機轉速的大小和了解電機的轉向，能夠很方便的實現電機的智能控制。其間，還包括直流電機的直接清零、啟動（置數）、暫停、連續(xù)功能。其間是通過80c51單片機產生脈寬可調的脈沖信號并輸入到l298驅動芯片來控制直流電機工作的。該直流電機pwm控制系統(tǒng)由以下電路模塊組成：設計輸入部分：這一模塊主要是利用帶中斷的獨立式鍵盤來實現。設計控制部分：主要由80c51單片機的外部selectionparagraphformatlinespacinglinestopointsselection

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49、用帶中斷的獨立式鍵盤作為命令的輸入，單片機在程序控制下，定時不斷給直流電機驅動芯片發(fā)送 pwm 波形，h型驅動電路完成電機正，反轉控制；同時單片機不停的將從鍵盤讀取的數據送到lcd顯示模塊去顯示，從中不僅能讀取其速度，而且能知曉其轉向及一些溫心提示。at89c51直流電機驅動模塊直流電機at89c51直流電機驅動模塊直流電機at89c51直流電機驅動模塊直流電機加速控制端減速控制端正轉控制端反轉控制端停止控制端lcd液晶顯示p0口p2口p1口單片機圖 1.1 直流電機 pwm 調速方案2 直流電機單元電路設計與分析selectionparagraphformatlinespacinglines

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56、）、直流伺服電動機（將控制信號轉換為機械信號）。下面以直流電動機作為研究對象。2.1.2 直流電機結構直流電機由定子和轉子兩部分組成。在定子上裝有磁極（電磁式直流電機磁極由繞在定子上的磁繞提供），其轉子由硅鋼片疊壓而成，轉子外圓有槽，槽內嵌有電樞繞組，繞組通過換向器和電刷引出,直流電機結構如圖 2.1 所示。selectionparagraphformatlinespacinglinestopointsselectionparagraphformatlinespacinglinestopointselectionparagraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

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