現(xiàn)在完成時的用法和過去式的主要區(qū)別

1、現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時，表示過去發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果；過去某一時間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能還會持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞(p.p)（v-ed） 肯定句：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞(p.p)（v-ed）+賓語. he has finished it. they have worked it out.否定句：主語+have/has+not+動詞的過去分詞(p.p)（v-ed）+賓語. he hasnt finished it. they have worked it out.一般疑問句：have/has+主語+動詞的過去

2、分詞(p.p)（v-ed）+賓語.has he finished it? yes, he has; no he hasnthave they have worked it out? yes, i have; no i havent 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+have/has+主語+過去分詞（v-ed）+其他）where have they been? they have been to yunnan.一般過去時：表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。說話的側(cè)重點只在于陳述一件過去的事情，不強調(diào)對“現(xiàn)在”產(chǎn)生的影響。he visited guilin in 1998.他199

3、8年參觀過桂林。(只是簡單表明在過去某個時間in 1998去過桂林這一事實，除此以外別無其他)主語動詞的過去式（肯定式）he did it. we hoped to go there.主語did not 動詞原形（否定式）he didnt do it. they werent there yesterday.did主語動詞的原形（疑問式）did he do it? yes, he did. no, he didnt第一種：對目前造成的影響；過去發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果；have you seen the film? （a）did you see the film? （b）說明

4、 你看過這部電影嗎？（a）句強調(diào)的是被問者對劇情是否了解；（b）句強調(diào)的是看這部電影的動作是否發(fā)生過，并不強調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。the plane has already arrived. 飛機已經(jīng)抵達了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機在這兒。） the plane arrived a quarter of an hour ago. 飛機是一刻鐘以前抵達的。（強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間在過去。）jill has bought a new computer.吉爾買了一臺新電腦。（造成的結(jié)果是，jill現(xiàn)在有了一臺新電腦）jill bought a new computer.吉爾買了一臺新電腦。（強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間

5、在過去。）現(xiàn)在完成時的用法和過去式的主要區(qū)別：第二種：過去某一時間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能還會持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)。he has lived in beijing for 8 years.（a）（live用現(xiàn)在完成時，表明“居住”的動作和現(xiàn)在發(fā)生了聯(lián)系）he lived in beijing for 8 years. （b）（live用過去式，表明“居住”的動作只存在于過去，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系）說明他在北京住了8年。（a）句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了8年，可能還會繼續(xù)在北京住下去。(b)句講的是他在北京住過8年，現(xiàn)在不在北京了。句子中所用【時間標志詞語】的區(qū)別1、 一般過去時：通常與表示過去的

6、時間狀語連用，如：yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)； last night (week, month, year)；一段時間+ago(several days ago)、 two days ago、a week ago,；in 2002，(in 1990, in 1997，in july)等；just now, at that time/moment, then , long long ago例子：he was here yesterday.i got up at seven yesterday morning.my mothe

7、r didnt work yesterday afternoon.did you have a good time last summer? my mother often went to work by taxi last year.when i was a student, i often listened to music.three months ago, they were still students.2、現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用,如already（已經(jīng)）, yet（已經(jīng)）, just（剛）, before（之前）, recently（最近）, la

8、tely（近來），ever（曾經(jīng)）等副詞；其中already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑問句和否定句中）he has already obtained（獲得） a scholarship.他已經(jīng)獲得了獎學(xué)金。（already用在過去分詞前）注意這些詞的位置和用法非常重要！he has just had his meal他剛吃過飯。（just用在過去分詞前）have you ever been to beijing？你曾經(jīng)去過北京嗎？（ever用在過去分詞前）i havent seen much of him recently (lately).我最近沒太看到他

9、。（用在否定句末）we have seen that film before. 我們之前看過那部電影。（用在句末）have they found the missing child yet？他們已經(jīng)找到了那個丟失的孩子了嗎？（用在否定或疑問句末） already和yet的用法辨析不論yet還是already,都可以表示“已經(jīng)”的含義。一般兩者都用于完成時的句子當(dāng)中。already 即可用在句前部分也可用在句尾；yet一般用在句尾。already一般用于肯定句（表“已經(jīng)）”；yet一般用于否定句或疑問句。ive seen the film already.   the tra

10、in has already left. 火車已經(jīng)開走了。he hasnt found his bike yet.他還沒有找到他的自行車。（用在否定句末表“還”）has she finished her homework yet？她已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了嗎？（用在疑問句末表“已經(jīng)”） lately 與 recently 用法辨析兩者均可表示“最近”、“近來”。從使用的時態(tài)來看：兩者都經(jīng)常與完成時態(tài)連用。i have seen a lot of her lately recently. 我最近經(jīng)常見到她。注：兩者通常都不用于將來時， 若用于將來時則用“soon”。如：最近我們要去巴黎。誤：we will

11、 go to paris lately recently.正：we will go to paris soon.現(xiàn)在完成時的另一個用法：“從過去某一時刻開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能還會持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)?！边@一用法常和一段時間連用：常與these days, this week, since+點時間, for+段時間等表示一段時間的狀語連用。其中“ for +時間段” ，“ since +時間點” 。例如：we have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我們在這個城市里已經(jīng)生活了 40 多年。we have lived in this ci

12、ty since 1958. 我們從 1958 年起就住在這個城市里。（注：1958前沒有in）have you seen her parents these days? 這些天你看見她的父母了嗎？ mary has been ill for three days.i have lived here since i came here.（注：i came here是一個過去時，表示的是【過去的一個時間點】）幾種特殊句型的區(qū)別：1）have been in; 2）have been to ; 3）have gone to 的用法 :1. have(has) been in 意為“已經(jīng)在某地呆了多

13、長時間”，常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如： mr. brown has been in shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。 they have been in canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。 2. have(has) been to意為“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，表示“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了”?？膳cjust, ever, never等連用。如： i've just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。 have you ever been to hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？ ma

14、ry has never been to the great wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城。 另：have(has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。如： i've been to beijing three times. 我去過北京三次。 they have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。 3. have(has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”，表示剛到某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊f話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。如： where is tom? 湯姆在哪里？ he

15、has gone to the bookshop.他到書店去了。 4非延續(xù)性動詞即瞬間動詞不能用于“現(xiàn)在完成時一段時間的狀語”的句型中。即這類瞬間動詞有：come， go， start， leave， die， buy， finish， borrow等。例如：瞬間動詞轉(zhuǎn)化后動詞瞬間動詞轉(zhuǎn)化后動詞buyhavejoinbe in/be a member ofborrowkeepopenbe openput onwearcome be inbecomebeclosebe closeddie be deadbegin/ start be onfinish/end be overgo out be o

16、utleave/move be awayfall asleep（ill）be asleep （ill）arrivebe herecatch/get a coldhave a cold 例如：下面的例句就是瞬間動詞的過去式和帶有持續(xù)時間的現(xiàn)在完成時使用變化。1、 we have had the book for three years. we bought the book three years ago.2、 he has had a cold for three days. he caught a cold three days ago.3、 xiao ming has been a sol

17、dier for half year. xiao ming joined the army half year ago.4、 we have been students for eight years. we became students eight years ago.5、 the class has benn over gor ten minutes.6、 i hve kept the book since last week.i borrowed the book lasr week.7、 mr.black has been dead for three years. mr.black

18、gied three years ago.8、 the film has been on for an hour. the film started an hour ago. she has worked for ten years.1、 she began to work ten years ago2、 she has worked since ten years ago.3、 it is ten years since she began to worked.4、 ten years has passed since she began to work.漢語意思分別為：她已經(jīng)工作了十年了。

19、她十年前就開始工作了。自十年前以來她就開始工作了。自她工作以來有十年了。自她開始工作以來十年已經(jīng)過去了。過去分詞的概念：規(guī)則動詞的【過去分詞】的構(gòu)成：v+ed, 如work-worked；study-studied；finish-finished 不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成(需要單獨記憶)：如be-been；have-had；hear-heard；do-done動詞的過去分詞和動詞的過去式不是一個概念：【過去分詞】用于現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)（另被動語態(tài)中也會用到），動詞的過去式只能用于過去時。注意：不規(guī)則的動詞過去分詞和過去式有時候一樣，有時候不一樣；原形havedoseebe過去式haddidsawwa

20、s/were過去分詞haddoneseenbeen過去分詞的變化規(guī)則： 規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點變化規(guī)則：(1)一般動詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”： work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”：live-lived-lived , (3)、以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動詞，將 "y" 變?yōu)?"i" ，再加“ ed ”：study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末

21、尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”： stop-stopped-stopped , drop-droppeddropped.特殊疑問句的提問：用when還是how long？he began to work ten years ago. _did he begin to work ?he has worked since ten years ago _has he worked?mary has been ill for three days. _has she been ill?mary was ill three days ago. _was mary ill?mary

22、 has been ill since three days ago. _has mary been ill?類型漢語原形過去式過去分詞ab型能cancould/將要；會；好嗎shallshould/將要；會；愿意；要willwould/可以；也許；可能maymight/aaa型 值（多少錢）；花費costcostcost切；剪；削；割cutcutcut打；撞；擊中hithithit傷害；受傷；傷人感情hurthurthurt讓letletlet必須；應(yīng)當(dāng)；必定是mustmustmust放；擺putputput放；安置setsetset關(guān)上；封/禁閉；合攏shutshutshut延伸；展開sp

23、readspreadspread讀；朗讀readreadread /red/aab型敲打；擊打；打贏beatbeatbeatenaba型 變得；成為becomebecamebecome來；來到comecamecome跑/奔跑；（顏色）褪色runranrunabb型 拿來；帶來；取來bringbroughtbrought買buyboughtbought想；認為；考慮thinkthoughtthought接/捉住;趕上;染上（疾?。ヽatchcaughtcaught教書；教teachtaughttaught建筑；建立buildbuiltbuilt借（出）；把借給lendlentlent打發(fā)；派遣；

24、送；郵寄sendsentsent度過；花費（錢/時間）spendspentspent失去；丟失loselostlost粘住；釘?。粓猿謘tickstuckstuck挖（洞、溝等）；掘digdugdug懸掛；吊著；把吊起hanghunghung感覺；覺得；摸；觸feelfeltfelt保持；保存；繼續(xù)不斷keepkeptkept睡覺sleepsleptslept掃除；掃sweepsweptswept離開；把留下；剩下leaveleftleft嗅；聞到；發(fā)出（氣味）smellsmeltsmelt拼寫spellspeltspelt溢出；濺出；灑出spillspiltspilt放；擱laylaidla

25、id付錢；給報酬paypaidpaid說；講saysaidsaid賣；售sellsoldsold告訴；講述；吩咐telltoldtold坐sitsatsat吐痰；吐唾沫spitspatspat站；立；起立；坐落；經(jīng)受；持久standstoodstood懂得；明白；理解understandunderstoodunderstood燃燒/著火；使燒焦/曬黑burnburntburnt學(xué)；學(xué)習(xí)；學(xué)會learnlearntlearnt意思是；意指meanmeantmeant糟蹋；損壞；溺愛spoilspoiltspoilt夢；夢想dreamdreamtdreamt喂（養(yǎng)）；飼（養(yǎng)）feedfedfed遇

26、見；見到meetmetmet領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；帶領(lǐng)leadledled得到；具有；達到getgotgot發(fā)光；照耀；shineshoneshone獲勝；贏得winwonwon有；吃/喝；進行/經(jīng)受have / hashadhad制造；做；使得makemademade聽見；聽說；得知hearheardheard打架/仗；與打仗fightfoughtfought找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)；感到findfoundfound拿/抱；握住;舉行holdheldheldabc型 是bewas/werebeen開始；著手beginbeganbegun喝；飲drinkdrankdrunk（鐘/鈴）響；打電話ringrangrung唱；唱

27、歌singsangsung下沉；沉沒sinksanksunk游泳；游swimswamswum吹；刮風(fēng)；吹氣blowblewblown（鳥/飛機）飛；（人乘飛機）飛行；（旗子）飄動flyflewflown生長；發(fā)育；種植；變得growgrewgrown知道；了解；認識；懂得knowknewknown投；擲；扔throwthrewthrown繪畫；繪制；拉；拖；提?。ń疱X）drawdrewdrawn給看；出示；顯示showshowedshown打破；損壞；撕開breakbrokebroken偷；竊取stealstolestolen選擇choosechosechosen忘記；忘掉forgetforg

28、otforgotten原諒，諒解forgiveforgaveforgiven結(jié)冰freezefrozefrozen說；講；談話；發(fā)言speakspokespoken醒；醒來；叫醒wakewokewoken駕駛；開（車）；驅(qū)趕drivedrovedriven吃eatateeaten落（下）；降落; 倒fallfellfallen給；遞給；付出；給予givegavegiven把藏起來；隱藏hidehidhidden騎（馬/自行車）；乘車rideroderidden上升；上漲riseroserisen拿走；做；服（藥）；乘坐；花費taketooktaken弄錯mistakemistookmistak

29、en（使）動搖；震動shakeshookshaken寫；書寫；寫作；著述writewrotewritten是am / iswasbeen是arewerebeen做；干dodiddone去；走；變得；通往gowentgone躺；臥；平放；位于lielaylain看見/到；領(lǐng)會；拜會seesawseen穿；戴wearworeworn過去完成時過去完成時(past perfect)表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。它表示句子中描述的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+had+過去分詞(done)肯定句：主語+had+過去分詞+其他.否定句：主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他

30、.一般疑問句：had+主語+過去分詞+其他?肯定回答：yes,主語+had.否定回答：no,主語+had not .特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句（had+主語+過去分詞+其他）？基本用法（1）表示在過去某一時刻或動作以前完成了的動作，也可以說過去的時間關(guān)于過去的動作。即“過去的過去”。可以用by, before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示，也可以用一個表示過去的動作來表示，還可能通過上下文來表示。例如： by nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9點鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200

31、張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。（2）表示由過去的某一時刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)，常和for, since構(gòu)成的時間狀語連用。例如： i had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.當(dāng)車來的時候，我在車站已等了20分鐘。he said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。（3）敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過去發(fā)生的事情后，反過來追述或補述以前發(fā)生的動作時，常使用過去完成時。例如： mr. smith died yest

32、erday. he had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。i didnt know a thing about the verbs, for i had not studied my lesson.我對動詞一無所知，因為我沒有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。（4）在含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過去的事，先發(fā)生的動作常用過去完成時。例如： i returned the book that i had borrowed.我已歸還了我借的書。she found the key that she had lost.她丟失的鑰匙找到了。（5）過去

33、完成時常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動詞后的賓語從句（或間接引語）中，這時從句中的動作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動作之前。例如： he said that he had known her well.他說他很熟悉她。i thought i had sent the letter a week before.我認為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。（6） 狀語從句：在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在前，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引導(dǎo)的例如： when i woke up, it

34、 had already stopped raining.我醒來時雨已停了。she didnt go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺。注意：如果兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生，則常常不用過去完成時，特別是在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中，因為 這 時從句的動作和主句的動作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，這時可以用一般過去時代替過去完成時。例如： after he arrived in england, marx worked hard to improve his english.馬克思到達英格蘭之后，努力提高他的英語水平。（7

35、）動詞think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用過去完成時來表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的想法，希望，打算或意圖等。例如： they had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他們本來打算去幫忙，但沒有及時趕到那里。we had hoped to be able to come and see you .我們本來希望能來看看你。（8）過去完成時還可用在hardlywhen, no soonerthan, it was the first (second, etc)time (that)等固定句型中。例如： ha

36、rdly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他剛開始演講，聽眾就打斷了他。no sooner had he arrived than he went away again他剛到就又走了。it was the third time that he had been out of work that year.這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。時間狀語before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no soonerthan過去完成時-語法判定1. 由時間狀語來判定一般說來，各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語

37、。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有：（ 1 ） by + 過去的時間點。如：i had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.（ 2 ） by the end of + 過去的時間點。如：we had learned over two thousand english words by the end of last term.（ 3 ） before + 過去的時間點。如：they had planted six hundred trees before last wednesday.2. 由“過去的過去”來判定。過去

38、完成時表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即動作有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：（ 1 ）賓語從句中當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。如：she said that she had seen the film before.（ 2 ）狀語從句中在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。如：after he had fi

39、nished his homework, he went to bed.注意： before, after 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達了動作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。如：after he closed the door, he left the classroom.（3）表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本，未能"we had hoped that you would come, but

40、you didn't.3. 根據(jù)上、下文來判定。i met wang tao in the street yesterday. we hadn't seen each other since he went to beijing.過去完成時-語法區(qū)別一、過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，以現(xiàn)在的時間為基點，但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動詞 have (has) + 過去分詞”；過去完成時則是一個相對的時態(tài)，已過去時間為基點，它所表示的動作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強調(diào)“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時或某動作相比較時，才用到它。比較

41、：i have learned 1000 english words so far.到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了 1000 個英語單詞。i had learned 1000 english words till then.到那時為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了 1000 個英語單詞。 i'm sorry to keep you waiting. 對不起，讓你久等了。 oh, not at all. i have been here only a few minutes.沒什么，我只等了幾分鐘。（“等”的動作從過去某一時間點持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）二、過去完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別雖然這兩種時態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的

42、狀態(tài)，但在使用時應(yīng)注意以下幾點：1. 時間狀語不同：過去完成時在時間上強調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時只強調(diào)過去某一特定的時間。比較：they had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.they arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2. 在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標志時，謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時。she was very happy. her whole family were pleased with her, too. she had

43、just won the first in the composition competition.3. 當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上接連發(fā)生的動作用 and 或 but 連接時，按時間順序，只需用一般過去時來代替過去完成時；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時間的先后，因此也可以用過去時來代替過去完成時。he entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.現(xiàn)在完成時專項練習(xí)一、 單項選擇。1、both his parents look sad . ma

44、ybe they _what's happened to him .a. knew b. have known c. must know d.will know2、he has _ been to shanghai , has he ?a. already b.never c.ever d.still3、have you met mr li _？ a. just b. ago c.before d. a moment ago4、the famous writer _ one new book in the past two year .a. is writing b.was writi

45、ng c.wrote d.has written5、our country _ a lot so far . yes . i hope it will be even _ .a.has changed ; well b.changed ; good c.has changed ; better d.changed ; better6、zhao lan _already _in this school for two years .a. was ; studying b. will ; study c. has ; studied d. are ; studying7、we _ xiao li

46、since she was a little girl . a. know b. had known c. have known d. knew8、harry potter is a very nice film .i_ it twice . a.will see b.have seen c.saw d.see9、these farmers have been to the united states . really? when _ there ?a. will they go b. did they go c. do they go d. have they gone 10、_ you _

47、 your homework yet ? yes . i _ it a moment ago .a.did ; do ; finished b.have ; done ; finished c.have ; done ; have finished d.will ; do ; finish11、 his father _ the party since 1978 .a. joined b. has joined c. was in d. has been in12、do you know him well ? sure .we _ friends since ten years ago .a.

48、 were b. have been c. have become d. have made13、how long have you _ here ? about two months . a. been b. gone c. come d. arrived14、hurry up! the play _ for ten minutes .a. has begun b. had begun c. has been on d. began15、 it _ ten years since he left the army .a. is b. has c. will d. was16、 miss gr

49、een isn't in the office . she_ to the library .a.has gone b. went c.will go d. has been17、my parents _ shandong for ten years .a. have been in b. have been to c. have gone to d. have been18、the students have cleaned the classroom, _?a. so they b. dont they c. have they d. havent they19、_ has mr

50、white been a member of greener china since he _ to china?a. how soon, comes b. how often, got c. how long, came d. how far, arrived 20、 his uncle _ for more than 9 years.a. has come here b. has started to work c. has lived there d. has left the university21.when he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _

51、 for 20 minutes.a. has left b. had left c. has been away d. had been away22. i _ the league for 5 years so far. a. joined b. have joined c. have been in23.the factory _ since the february of 1988. a . has been open b. has opened c. was open d. opened24.mary and rose _friends since they met in 2000. a. have made b. have been c. made d. have become25.you mustn't_ until he comes back. a. be away b. leave c. be left26.the meeting _ for a week now. a. ha