不定式的省略

1、一一. 動詞不定式的省略動詞不定式的省略 動詞不定式的省略動詞不定式的省略:在同一句或聯系緊密的在同一句或聯系緊密的對話里，常把不定式對話里，常把不定式to后內容相同的部分省后內容相同的部分省略，略，只保留只保留to。 1.省省do留留to.expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,hateprefer, refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面等后面(賓語或賓賓語或賓補補)。如。如:I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to.在在have to,need to,ought to,be

2、 going to,used to,be about to,be supposed to 等后面。等后面。在某些形容詞在某些形容詞pleased,glad,happy 等后面。等后面。-Will you join the game?-Id be glad to.否定形式的省略用否定形式的省略用not to。I went there because my mother asked me to.1. - You should have told her about it before you left. - I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt f

3、ind her anywhere. A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing it2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 3. - Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all. _. A. Ive no time B. Id rather

4、not C. Id like it D. Id be happy to BAD1. -Are you a sailor? - No, but I _ A. am not B. used to C. used to be D.used to being 2. -Why didnt you take part in my birthday party yesterday? -I_, but I had an unexpected guest. A. would like to B. would like to have C.should D.wouldnt like to 如果不定式中含有如果不定

5、式中含有be, have, have been通常保留通常保留be,have和和have beenC CB B -He hasnt finished yet. -Well,he ought to have.當當want 和和like用于從句中時，用于從句中時，to也也常省略。常省略。 Come when you want.I have decided to do what I like.More practice Have you got the book? No, _, but I didnt get it. A. I tried B. I tried to C. I tried to ge

6、t D. I tried it 答：B。to保留，其后的動詞省略。 Would you like to go with us? _, but Im busy now. A. Id love B. Id love to C. I love D. Id like 答：B。- Arent you the manager?- No, and I_ A. dont want to B. dont want to be C. dont want be D. dont wantB Are you a student? No, but I_. A. used to B. used C. used to be

7、D. used to was 答：C。 used to 也是不定式省略的一種形式，如Do you often go there? No, but I used to.但動詞be一般不省。 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _ A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 答：A。to保留，to后的動詞省略。2. 省to留do的用法。l I hope to finish my job and (to) go back home. 我

8、希望做完事回家。 lWhat we could do was (to) get away. （主語從句中含有do，那么作表語的動詞不定式往往省略to） lThere is nothing to do but (to) obey the orders. 除了服從命令之外，我們別無他法。（介詞but前如有do，but后可省略to）l To be or not to be, that is the question. 活著還是死亡，這就是問題所在。（莎士比亞） It was better to laugh than to cry. 笑比哭好。(作表語時作表語時可省可不省可省可不省) 當兩個并列的不定

9、式在意義當兩個并列的不定式在意義上表示對比關系時，后面的不上表示對比關系時，后面的不定式一般不省略定式一般不省略toto。 It was better to laugh than to cry. It was better to laugh than to cry. 笑比哭好。笑比哭好。 What we can do now is (to) wait.What we can do now is (to) wait.can not but, can not choose but, can not help but+do sth.(+do sth.(toto一定要省一定要省) )不得不做I can

10、 not but admire his courage. I can not but admire his courage. 我不能不欽佩他的勇敢。我不能不欽佩他的勇敢。prefer to do sth rather thanwould rather do than+do sth.(+do sth.(toto一定要省一定要省) )1 1. Id rather _ there alone. Id rather _ there alone.A. to go B. going C. go D. wentA. to go B. going C. go D. went答：答：C C。 would rat

11、her would rather后接省去后接省去toto的不定式。的不定式。2 2. He would rather die than _. He would rather die than _.A. giving in B. give in A. giving in B. give in C. to give in D. gave inC. to give in D. gave in答：答：B B。 would rather.than. would rather.than.表示表示“寧寧愿愿而不而不”，后接省去，后接省去toto的不定式。的不定式。.介詞but, except(除了)前有do

12、的形式時，后面的不定式要省略to。 All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的只有等著瞧。 do nothing buthave nothing to do but/exceptThere is nothing to do but+do sth. +do sth. ( (一定要省一定要省) )說明說明：butbut之前有實義動詞之前有實義動詞dodo的某個形式的某個形式do, does, do, does, did, done did, done 時，不帶時，不帶to, to, 否則要帶否則要帶toto。 （口訣：口訣：有有dodo無

13、無to, to, 無無dodo加加toto 或或do but dodo but do）We have nothing to do now but wait.我們現在除了等沒有別的事可做。我們現在除了等沒有別的事可做。He has no choice but to accept the fact.除了接受這個事實他別無選擇。除了接受這個事實他別無選擇。二二. 狀語從句的省略狀語從句的省略連詞連詞(as, as if, once+名詞名詞)Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.連詞連詞(though, whethe

14、r, when)+形容詞形容詞Work hard when (you are) young ,or youll regret.連詞連詞(when, while, though)+現在分詞現在分詞 While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.連詞連詞(when, if ,even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+過去分詞過去分詞連詞連詞(as if, as though)+不定式不定式He opened his mouth as if (he were ) to speak.(

15、1)當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時,可以省略狀語可以省略狀語從句中的主語和系動詞從句中的主語和系動詞be, 這時從句中可出現如下結構這時從句中可出現如下結構:He has made greater progress than (he did) before/ever. He came home earlier than (he was) expected.She works as hard as young people.(2)當從句主語是當從句主語是 It,謂語動詞有含有系動詞謂語動詞有含有系動詞be時時,可以把可以把 it系動詞系動詞be一起省略。此時

16、構成連詞（一起省略。此時構成連詞（ if ， unless, when，whenever）+形容詞的結構。形容詞的結構。(3)在在than或或asas引導的從句中引導的從句中,常含有一些成分在上下常含有一些成分在上下文清楚的情況下被省略。文清楚的情況下被省略。Unless（it is ）necessary，youd better not refer to the dictionary.: :省略在省略在a as ifs if引導的方式狀語從句中應用的較多引導的方式狀語從句中應用的較多. . 1. Tom raised his hand as if (he was going) to say s

17、omething. 2. He acted as if (he was) a fool. 3. She left the room hurriedly as if( she was) angry. 4. He stared at the girl as if (he was) seeing her for the first time. 5.The player stood still as if (he was ) turned to stone. 6. He opened the drawer as if (he was )in search of something important.

18、 : as ifas if用于省略句中用于省略句中, ,如果如果as if as if 引導的從句是引導的從句是“主語主語系動詞系動詞”結構，可省略主語和系動詞，這樣結構，可省略主語和系動詞，這樣as ifas if 后就只后就只剩下剩下不定式、名詞、形容詞（短語）、介詞短語不定式、名詞、形容詞（短語）、介詞短語或或分詞。分詞。 if類省略結構小結 if從句省略從句省略“主語主語+be” 若若if從句的主語與主句主語一致，且從句的主語與主句主語一致，且if從句的主語后跟有從句的主語后跟有動詞動詞be，那么通常可以省略，那么通常可以省略if從句的從句的“主語主語+be”。 由if等構成的此類省略

19、形式 if any 如果有的話 if ever 如果曾經的話 if not如果沒有的話 if so 如果這樣的話 if possible 如果可能的話 if necessary 如果必要的話 1. if any 即使有（任何）即使有（任何），如果如果有有 Correct errors, if any (=if there are any errors). 如有錯誤就請訂正。 There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him. 當今記得他的人，如有的話，也不多了。 2. if ever （即使有（即使有也）極少，難得也）極少，難得 H

20、e seldom if ever travels abroad. 他到國外旅行，即使有過，也是極少的。 He seldom, if ever, goes to the movies by himself. 他不會，即使有也很少，單獨去看電影的。 3. if not 假如不是這樣的話；不然的話；否則假如不是這樣的話；不然的話；否則 I might see you tomorrow. If not, then itll be Saturday. 我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就在周六。 有時not還可修飾另一個詞語。如： This is one of the oldest buildings

21、in town, if not the oldest. 這是城里最古老的建筑之一，如果不是最古老的話。 His pronunciation, if not good, is at least tolerable. 他的發(fā)音如果說不算好，至少也還過得去。 1If so, what did you do to grow them? 如果這樣的話，你做了些什么來種植這些植物？ if so意為“如果是這樣的話”，是if引導的條件狀語從句的省略形式，表示肯定意義表示肯定意義。如果表示否定意義，則用如果表示否定意義，則用if not。 Will you be free this Sunday? If_so

22、,_lets go camping.這個周日你有空嗎？如果有，我們去野營吧。 Is anybody feeling cold? If_not,_let us open the windows.有人感到冷嗎？如果沒有的話，我們把窗子打開。 歸納拓展4.if so4.if so意為意為“如果是這樣的話如果是這樣的話”， 注意以下注意以下if so與與if not連用的情形：連用的情形： Will you be staying another night? If so, we can give you a better room. If not, could you be out of your r

23、oom by 12:00? 您要再住一晚嗎您要再住一晚嗎? 如果是這樣，如果是這樣，我們可以我們可以給您提供條件更好一點的房間。給您提供條件更好一點的房間。如果不是，您能在您能在12點前離開這房間嗎點前離開這房間嗎? 5.if possible 如果可能的話如果可能的話 If possible, I wish to go there next summer. 如果可能，我希望明年夏天去 6. if necessary 如果有必要的話如果有必要的話 I could come earlier, if necessary. 如果有必要我可以早點來。 If necessary, Jim might s

24、horten it. 如果有必要，吉姆可以把它縮短。三三.用用so或或not代替上文內容代替上文內容 Get up early tomorrow. If not( you dont get up early), you will miss the early bus. He may not be at home then, if so (he is not at home), leave him a note. - -Do you suppose he is going to attend the Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting

25、? meeting? I suppose not. I suppose not. 用于避免重復前面所說過的內容，替代詞用于避免重復前面所說過的內容，替代詞so/not替代替代肯定或否定的名詞性從句?？膳c肯定或否定的名詞性從句?？膳cbelieve，do,expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，Im afraid等連用等連用 1.believe,think,expect，suppose 的否定前后都行。 I believe not.=I dont believe so.2. Im afraid, ,fear,guess, hope 的否定只能位

26、于后面。 Im afraid not. I guess not. I hope not. a.-Do you believe our team will win? - I guess so -I guess not . b.Do you think it will rain? I hope so . I hope not.3.do,does, did 的替代前面的謂語動作。的替代前面的謂語動作。-Shall I invite Ann to my birthdayparty tomorrow evening? -Yes. Itll be fine if you_. A. are B. can C

27、. invite D. doD D 1.()-Tom fell down from the ladder.I think his right leg is broken. -Oh,I_. A. hope not to B. hope not C. hope not so D. dont hope so 溫馨提示 hope、guess和be afraid肯定用so, 但是從句為否定時，只能用于 “主語+hope/be afraid/ guess+ not”結構.B B -Would you like to join us in the game? -_, for I have something

28、 important to attend to. (08福建福建) A. I will B. I d love to C. I wont D. I m afraid notD D Do you think its going to rain over the weekend? _. A.I dont believe B.I dont believe it C.I believe not so D.I believe not D D Do you think youll get a pay rise next year? _. A. I hope so B. Im afraid so C. I

29、believe not so D. Who says it 答：A。I hope so. 我希望如此。 Do you think its going to rain over the weekend? _. A. I dont believe B. I dont believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not 答：D。Do you think (believe, suppose, expect) .?等句式的肯定回答是 I think (believe, expect, suppose) so。其否定回答形式是 I think (believe,

30、 expect, suppose) not. 或 I dont (think, expect, suppose) so。高考鏈接：高考鏈接： 1.1. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004great success. (NMET 2004全國卷全國卷II) II) A. introducing B. introduced A. introducing B. introduced

31、C. introduce D. being introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 2.2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全國卷全國卷IV) IV) A. questioning B. having questioned A. questi

32、oning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned BC3.3. The man we followed suddenly stopped The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see C. to have seen D. to see 4.4. Generally speaking, _ according to Generally speaking, _ according to the directio