1995年考研英語真題及解析

1、1995年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題Section Use of EnglishSleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 1 kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is 2 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The

2、 purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 3 . The new experiments, such as these 4 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 5 of non-REM sleep.For example, it has long been known that total sleep 6 is 100 percent fatal to

3、rats, yet, 7 _examinations of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now 8 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 9 bacterial infections of the blood, 10 their immune systemsthe self-protecting mechanisrn against diseasehad crashed.1. A EitherB NeitherC EachD Any

4、2. A intendedB requiredC assumedD inferred3. A subtle B obviousC mysteriousD doubtful4. A maintainedB describedC settledD afforded5. A in the lightB by virtueC with the exceptionD for the purpose6. A reductionB destructionC deprivationD restriction7. A uponB byC throughD with8. A paid attention toB

5、caught sight ofC laid emphasis onD cast light on9. A developB produceC stimulateD induce10. A ifB as ifC only ifD if only一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)總體分析睡眠分為淺睡階段和較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的深睡階段。雖然人們對(duì)兩個(gè)階段的睡眠都不是十分了解，但是人們推測(cè)淺睡對(duì)大腦起修復(fù)作用。深睡的作用更令人難以理解。在最近睡眠研究協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)議上，專家們首次描述的新實(shí)驗(yàn)，對(duì)非快眼動(dòng)睡眠的作用進(jìn)行了吸引人的闡釋。因剝奪睡眠而死亡的老鼠的尸體檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)，其免疫系統(tǒng)似乎已崩潰了。二、 試題解析1.答案 B解析 本題考核的知識(shí)

6、點(diǎn)是：不定代詞的用法。空格上文提到，睡眠分為淺睡階段和深睡階段。因此空格處_ kind of sleep指的就是這兩種睡眠。四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中，首先排除D項(xiàng)。any 指“任何一個(gè)”，如：You can buy sugar at any big store.你可以在任何一家大商店里買到糖。余下的選項(xiàng)中，each指兩個(gè)或多個(gè)中的每一個(gè)，例如：Each of them thinks different thoughts.他們中的每一個(gè)人都有不同的想法。either表示兩者之一，表示肯定，如：You can park on either side of the street. 在街道的哪邊停車都可以。nei

7、ther表否定含義，表示“兩者都不”。如：Neither of us could understand German.我們兩個(gè)誰也不懂德語?？崭袼诘姆志淅锍霈F(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞at all一般與否定詞連用，即 not at all，意為“一點(diǎn)也不，根本不”，因而這里應(yīng)填表否定含義的詞，B正確，意為“人們對(duì)兩類睡眠都沒有完全了解”。2. 答案 C解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。intend意為“想要，打算，企圖”，intend to do sth. (=mean to do sth.)意為“打算做某事”，主語一般是有生命的事物。如：I hear they intend to marry. 我聽說

8、他們要結(jié)婚了。require意為“需要，要求，命令”，be required to do sth.意為“被要求/必須做某事”，如：All passengers are required to show their tickets.所有乘客都必須出示車票。顯然不能說，“淺睡眠階段被要求做某事”。assume意為“假定，設(shè)想”，be assumed to do sth.意為“被假定/認(rèn)為做某事”，如：He is assumed to be a Belgian.（他被認(rèn)為是個(gè)比利時(shí)人。）infer意為“推論，推斷”，但它不用于infer sth. to do結(jié)構(gòu)中，而用于infer sth. fro

9、m sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中，如：Much of the meaning must be inferred from the context.（大部分含意必須從上下文中推斷。）因此，只有assume符合上下文的要求。另外，根據(jù)上文可知，人們對(duì)睡眠的兩個(gè)階段都不十分了解，因此有關(guān)淺睡眠的功能的論述只是一種推測(cè)，C為正確項(xiàng)。3. 答案 C解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：形容詞詞義辨析。subtle意為“微妙的，難以捉摸的”，如：He complained that these people were subtle. 他抱怨說這些人難以捉摸。obvious意為“明顯的”；mysterious意為“難以解釋或無法理解

10、的”；doubtful意為“可疑的，值得懷疑的”，如He is a doubtful character. 他是個(gè)可疑的人物。前文提到人們對(duì)兩種睡眠階段都不是很了解時(shí)用了well-understood一詞，從邏輯語意上可以推出人們對(duì)non-REM sleep也不很了解，因此，幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)中mysterious最合適。4. 答案 B解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞詞義辨析?？崭袼诰渥邮且粋€(gè)長(zhǎng)句，主干部分是The new experiments suggest fascinating explanations. such as引導(dǎo)的短語是對(duì)experiments的舉例說明。these指的是the ne

11、w experiments，空格處填入的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)含義，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)后置定語從句，即these which are _ for the first time，用來修飾these。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，maintain意為“保持，維持”，與句中的for the first time相矛盾；settle意為“解決”，afford意為“支付得起”，與experiments不搭配。describe意為“描述”，用在文中表示“（會(huì)議上）描述的一些新實(shí)驗(yàn)”，符合文意。5. 答案 D解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：短語語意辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可與介詞of連用。in the light of (= in light of/a

12、ccording to)意為“按照，根據(jù)，考慮到”，如：He rewrote the book in the light of further research.（他根據(jù)進(jìn)一步的研究重寫了那部書。）by virtue of意為“依靠，由于”，如：She got the job by virtue of her greater experience.（她由于經(jīng)驗(yàn)較為豐富而得到了那份工作。）with the exception of(= except)意為“除了之外”，如：All his novels are set in Italy with the exception of his last.

13、（他的小說除最后一部外全是以意大利為背景。）顯然，這三個(gè)含義代入文中都不符合文意。for the purpose of可以看作是一個(gè)固定短語，意為“為了的目的”，如：The three groups have been combined for the purpose of this study.（為了這項(xiàng)研究工作，三個(gè)小組業(yè)已合并。）但本文中卻不是把它作為一個(gè)固定短語使用，而且分成了兩個(gè)部分，explanations常與for搭配，表示“解釋的原因”， the purpose of non-REM sleep在上文中出現(xiàn)過，表示“深睡眠的作用”，正確答案是D。6. 答案 C解析 本題考核的知

14、識(shí)點(diǎn)是：名詞詞義辨析。for example一詞提示空格所在部分是銜接上文，解釋深睡眠的作用的舉例。reduction意為“減少”；deprivation意為“剝奪”；restriction意為“限制”。destruction意為“破壞，毀滅”，通常指具體事物，如：The fire caused the destruction of my books.這場(chǎng)大火使我的藏書被毀壞?！皩?duì)老鼠產(chǎn)生致命影響”的應(yīng)是“睡眠的剝奪”，所以C符合題意。7. 答案 A解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：介詞的用法。upon+名詞/動(dòng)名詞=when引導(dǎo)的從句，其中upon相當(dāng)于when/directly after，表示“

15、當(dāng)時(shí)”。如：Upon entering the room（=When I entered the room）, I found him lying on the floor.用在文中表示“當(dāng)檢查死亡老鼠的尸體時(shí)”，因此A為正確答案。through意為“憑借，用的方法”； by意為“憑借，靠，通過”，主要表示方法、手段；with意為“用，使用；以”。本文如果使用這些介詞，首先需要在名詞examination前加上定冠詞the；其次其邏輯主語就是句子的主語the animals，這樣含義就成了“動(dòng)物通過檢查動(dòng)物尸體”，不符合邏輯。8. 答案 D解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：短語語意辨析。pay atte

16、ntion to 意為“注意”，如：pay attention to state affairs關(guān)心國(guó)大事；catch sight of (=see)意義“看到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，如：She caught sight of a car in the distance.她一眼瞥見了遠(yuǎn)處的汽車；lay emphasis on (=emphasize)意為“重視”，如：He laid a strong emphasis on the study of foreign languages.他把重點(diǎn)放在學(xué)習(xí)外訓(xùn)上；cast/throw/shed light on意為“使（問題等）較容易理解”，如：Recent r

17、esearch has shed new light on the causes of the disease.最近的研究結(jié)果可以使人進(jìn)一步了解導(dǎo)致這種疾病的原因。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選D，表示“一位研究人員使人們進(jìn)一步了解動(dòng)物死亡的奧秘”。9. 答案 A解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。develop意為“（逐漸）顯現(xiàn)出，（開始）患（病）”，如：She developed measles. 她得了麻疹。produce意為“制造，產(chǎn)生”，如：Hard work often produces good results.努力工作經(jīng)常會(huì)有好結(jié)果。stimulate意為“促進(jìn)，刺激”，如：Exercis

18、e stimulates the flow of blood.體操促進(jìn)血液流動(dòng)。induce意為“引誘，誘使”。如：Too much food induces sleepiness.吃得過飽會(huì)產(chǎn)生睡意。本題的關(guān)鍵詞bacterial infections of blood (血液細(xì)菌感染)是一種病，根據(jù)習(xí)慣搭配，應(yīng)該用develop。10. 答案 B解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系。本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。主句The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)一致的原則，從句也應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。但在本題中，從句用的是過去完成時(shí)

19、。很顯然，主從句的時(shí)態(tài)不一致。時(shí)態(tài)不一致一般是由兩個(gè)原因引起的：一，時(shí)間狀語，如：Im doing my homework, while I was watching TV this time yesterday.二，虛擬語氣的使用，如：If I were you, I would go there. 如果我是你，我就去那兒。此題并沒有涉及時(shí)間狀語因此導(dǎo)致時(shí)態(tài)不一致的原因是虛擬語氣的使用。If意為“如果”，跟虛擬語氣時(shí)，主句應(yīng)相應(yīng)地使用虛似語氣，如：The conference wouldnt been so successful, if we hadnt made adequate prep

20、arations.如果我們不做充分的準(zhǔn)備，會(huì)議是不會(huì)開得這么成功的。as if 意為“好像”，可以接虛擬語氣，如：He behaved as if nothing had happened.（他表現(xiàn)得若無其事。）only if 意為“只有”，接條件從句，一般引起主句的倒裝現(xiàn)象，如：Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees.只有紅燈閃亮?xí)r才有危及職工的險(xiǎn)情。if only意為“要是就好了”，接虛擬語氣，一般用來引導(dǎo)感嘆句，如：If only she had known where to find you.由于文

21、中只有從句使用了虛擬語氣，因此應(yīng)選B，意為“似乎它們的免疫系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)崩潰”。三、全文翻譯睡眠分為淺睡階段（REM）和較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的深睡階段(non-REM)。淺睡階段伴有快速的眼睛運(yùn)動(dòng)和做夢(mèng)的特征。人們對(duì)兩個(gè)階段的睡眠都不太了解，不過人們推測(cè)，淺睡眠具有一些大腦修復(fù)功能。而深睡眠的作用則更更加令人費(fèi)解。在明尼阿波利斯舉行的由睡眠研究協(xié)會(huì)組織的近期會(huì)議上首次描述了一些新實(shí)驗(yàn)，類似這樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)深睡眠的作用進(jìn)行了吸引人的闡釋。例如，人們?cè)缬兴?，完全剝奪睡眠會(huì)100使老鼠致命，然而，在檢查死亡鼠類的尸體之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)這些動(dòng)物看起來卻非常正?！，F(xiàn)在，一位研究人員已揭開了這些動(dòng)物死亡的奧秘。老鼠患了血液細(xì)菌感染，

22、就好像它們的免疫系統(tǒng)抵御疾病原體的自我保護(hù)機(jī)制已崩潰。Section Reading ComprehensionPassage l Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for expor

23、t at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labor, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements you

24、r daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television licence would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more.And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart fr

25、om the fact that twenty-seven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for merc

26、ifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value.Advertising does more for the material benefit of the comm

27、unity than any other force I can think of.There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising see

28、ks to persuade. If its message were confined merely to informationand that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasiveadvertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that

29、 is what the well-known television personality wants.11. By the first sentence of the passage the author means that_.A he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertisingB everybody knows well that advertising is money consumingC advertising costs money like everything elseD it is worthwhile to spend

30、 money on advertising12. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?A Securing greater fame. B Providing more jobs.C Enhancing living standards.D Reducing newspaper cost.13. The author deems that the well-known TV personality is_.A very precise in passing

31、 his judgment on advertisingB interested in nothing but the buyers' attentionC correct in telling the difference between persuasion and informationD obviously partial in his views on advertising14. In the author's opinion,_.A advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing

32、informationB advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them overC there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyerD the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)總體分析本文論述了廣告對(duì)現(xiàn)代社會(huì)做出了很大貢獻(xiàn)。文章一開始作者就全面肯定廣告的作用，認(rèn)為花錢做廣告是很值得的；接著列出它給社會(huì)帶來的諸多益處。最后通過駁

33、斥廣告重在勸說而非提供信息的觀點(diǎn)，指出廣告具有勸誘性是無可厚非的。第一段到第三段：先指出做廣告是值得的，然后列舉廣告的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，最后得出結(jié)論：廣告給社會(huì)帶來的物質(zhì)利益比其他的形式都大。第四段和第五段：對(duì)知名人士的話進(jìn)行批評(píng)，為廣告辨護(hù)，提出廣告既要提供信息，又不可避免地要?jiǎng)裾f大眾。二、試題分析11.By the first sentence of the passage the author means that_.文章首句的意思是_ 。A he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertisingA 他對(duì)廣告價(jià)格了如指掌B everybody knows

34、 well that advertising is money consumingB 人人都知道廣告很費(fèi)錢C advertising costs money like everything elseC 像做其他事一樣，做廣告要花錢D it is worthwhile to spend money on advertisingD 把錢用在廣告上很值得答案 D解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：句意題。首先看句子語法，第一句的重點(diǎn)是對(duì)as well as的理解。as well as 有兩種意思：1）相當(dāng)于in addition (to),意為“除外，同，和，也”，如：He gave me money as

35、well as advice. 2)用作連詞引出比較對(duì)象，意為“和一樣好”。第2）種含義放在本文中才講得通，這里as well as any相當(dāng)于as well as any（money spent）, I know of 是定語從句，修飾any。其次，看下文內(nèi)容。從文章第二句“它直接有助于”可以推出作者對(duì)廣告的作用持肯定態(tài)度。因此第一句應(yīng)該被理解為“花在廣告上的錢和任何別處花的錢一樣值得”。 D項(xiàng)正是這個(gè)含義的概括，因此為正確項(xiàng)。B、C選項(xiàng)僅停留在“廣告花費(fèi)錢”的含義上，體現(xiàn)不了對(duì)廣告的肯定態(tài)度；選項(xiàng)A是對(duì)從句“I know of”的錯(cuò)誤理解。命題意圖要求考生正確理解句中為避免重復(fù)而省略的部

36、分。12. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)不是文中提到的廣告的優(yōu)點(diǎn)？A Securing greater fame. A 保障更高的知名度B Providing more jobs.B 提供更多的工作C Enhancing living standards.C 提高生活水平D Reducing newspaper cost.D 降低報(bào)紙成本答案 A解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段作者對(duì)廣告給予肯定并且列舉廣告帶來的諸多益處：（1）

37、它直接有助于商品以合理價(jià)格迅速銷出；（2）在穩(wěn)定國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的同時(shí)，使產(chǎn)品能夠以有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的價(jià)格進(jìn)入國(guó)際市場(chǎng)；（3）它給人以新的消費(fèi)觀，從而大大提高人們的生活水準(zhǔn)；（4）它有助于增加市場(chǎng)需求，擴(kuò)大勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)，有效地?cái)U(kuò)大就業(yè)；（5）它使日?qǐng)?bào)等公共事業(yè)的服務(wù)價(jià)格低廉。由此可見，B、C和D選項(xiàng)都在文中直接涉及，可以排除。第二段首句雖然談到廣告為人們購(gòu)買的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的合理價(jià)格提供了保障，但是未提及A選項(xiàng)“保障更高的知名度”的內(nèi)容，因而為正確答案。注意：這種“which is not included”題型相當(dāng)于except題型，一般要在大范圍內(nèi)搜索，排除原文中已經(jīng)提到的選項(xiàng)或直接找出與原文不符的選項(xiàng)。潛在命

38、題點(diǎn)：依據(jù)此內(nèi)容可另出一題：What is the biggest advantage of advertising?AProviding more jobs.BEnhancing living standards.CReducing the costs of many services.DEnsuring the quality of the products and services.答案為D。關(guān)鍵是第二段首句“most important of all” 表明下面所述為最重要的優(yōu)勢(shì)，因此在列舉題中，要注意關(guān)聯(lián)詞的作用。此外，也可用排除法，A、B、C在文中并列，作用相仿，成為答案幾率均等，

39、故都應(yīng)該排除。13. The author deems that the well-known TV personality is_.作者認(rèn)為文中提到的知名人士_。A very precise in passing his judgment on advertisingA 準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了他對(duì)廣告的評(píng)價(jià)B interested in nothing but the buyers' attentionB 只關(guān)心消費(fèi)者的注意力C correct in telling the difference between persuasion and informationC 區(qū)分勸說和提供信息是有道理

40、的D obviously partial in his views on advertisingD 對(duì)廣告的評(píng)價(jià)明顯存有偏見答案 D解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：作者觀點(diǎn)題。題干要求考生回答作者對(duì)文中提到的知名人士的看法。文章第四段談到該知名人士對(duì)廣告持否定態(tài)度，即他批評(píng)廣告更多的是在勸誘觀眾，而不是提供信息。這顯然與作者前面第三段用大篇幅對(duì)廣告贊揚(yáng)的態(tài)度大相徑庭，所以作者馬上對(duì)這種觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行駁斥，以維護(hù)自己的觀點(diǎn)。作者認(rèn)為“他把兩者區(qū)分得過于細(xì)微。因?yàn)閺V告不可避免地要?jiǎng)裾f消費(fèi)者，如果廣告的內(nèi)容僅僅限于提供信息，那將會(huì)乏味之極”。由引可以推論作者對(duì)知名人士看法持否定態(tài)度。因此D選

41、項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)都持肯定態(tài)度，可以排除。而B選項(xiàng)也不對(duì)，因?yàn)樵谖闹胁⑽从懻撝耸康呐d趣和關(guān)心對(duì)象問題。nothing but意為：只有，除了之外都不。命題意圖要求考生正確理解文章局部細(xì)節(jié)體現(xiàn)的作者態(tài)度。14. In the author's opinion,_.在作者看來_。A advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing informationA 廣告很少能夠通過提供信息給人們帶來物質(zhì)利益B advertising informs people of new ideas rather

42、than wins them overB 廣告給人以新的觀念，而不在于說服人C there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyerC 廣告向購(gòu)買者促銷是無可非議的D the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisementD 消費(fèi)者對(duì)從廣告獲得信息不感興趣答案 C解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：作者觀點(diǎn)題。本題考查作者對(duì)廣告所持的觀點(diǎn)。讀完全文后，我們已經(jīng)很清楚作者對(duì)廣告的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)。先是在前三段肯定廣告給社會(huì)帶來的諸多好處，然后在第四段

43、和第四段又指出廣告勸說消費(fèi)者不僅是不可避免的也是必要的，否則便失去了吸引力，不能把廣告的勸誘性作為批評(píng)它的論據(jù)。C選項(xiàng)恰恰符合這一觀點(diǎn)，為正確答案。A選項(xiàng)與第三段的內(nèi)容相悖。B選項(xiàng)與第四段作者提出的“廣告不可避免地要?jiǎng)裾f消費(fèi)者，內(nèi)容不僅僅限于提供信息”的看法不一致。D選項(xiàng)不正確，作者在末段提到，只提供信息的廣告不會(huì)引起觀眾的興趣，不能由此推出，消費(fèi)者對(duì)廣告信息毫無興趣。win sb. over(to sth.)=win sb. to do sth. 意思是“說服某人做某事”。注意：做此類局部作者態(tài)度題，可以先看選項(xiàng)中是否有直接可排除之選項(xiàng)；不能排除的再定位，對(duì)照進(jìn)行排除。三、長(zhǎng)難句解析和佳句賞

44、析長(zhǎng)難句It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.本句的主干是It serves to assist, thereby establishing and so making, thereby 后是兩個(gè)并列分詞短語做結(jié)果狀語。Serve directly to d

45、o sth. 意思是：直接用于。如：The evidence serves directly to support what the defendant said. 這些證據(jù)直接支持被告的陳述。 make it +形容詞+to do sth.意思是：使成為可能。譯本：它直接有利于商品以合理的價(jià)格快速地銷售，從而建立穩(wěn)固的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)，并且有可能以有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的價(jià)格提供出口商品。Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser da

46、re promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.句子中的主干是no regular advertiser dare promote a product。前面apart from引導(dǎo)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語，其中fact后是that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句；主句的賓語product后是由that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語。譯文：除了國(guó)會(huì)制定的27項(xiàng)法案對(duì)廣告詞加以約束之外，也沒有哪個(gè)正規(guī)的廣告商膽敢推銷與廣告承諾不符的產(chǎn)品。If you see an article consistently adver

47、tised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it , and that it represents good value.該句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，主句是it is the surest proof，I know 做proof的后置定語，兩個(gè)that 引導(dǎo)的并列從句都是proof的同位語從句。譯文：如果你看到一種商品不斷地做廣告，我認(rèn)為這是最可靠的證明，即此商品一定與其宣傳名副其實(shí)，一定體現(xiàn)良好的價(jià)值。If its message were confined me

48、rely to informationand that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasiveadvertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention.該句主干是If its message were confined merely to informationadvertisi

49、ng would be so boring that，其中if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句，表示與事實(shí)相反，主句是sothat句型表示因果關(guān)系。破折號(hào)中間為插入成分，由一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句組成，主句為that would be difficult，這里that指代If虛擬條件句if its message；緊接著的是條件從句if (that is) not impossible to achieve，后面是for 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。譯文：如果廣告僅僅限于提供信息這一點(diǎn)本身也難以做到，如果不是不可能的話，因?yàn)榧词惯x擇一件補(bǔ)襯衫顏色這樣的細(xì)節(jié)也多少隱含勸說之意它就會(huì)變得枯燥乏味，無人關(guān)注了。佳句廣告是寫作的一個(gè)很好

50、的話題，因?yàn)樗臀覀儸F(xiàn)在的生活緊密相關(guān)，而且還存在人們對(duì)它褒貶不一的態(tài)度。而本文作者針對(duì)廣告提出了新穎的觀點(diǎn)，全面肯定。其中的很多句子都值得我們搜集背誦，在寫作中使用。By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labor, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment.廣告可以提高

51、生活品質(zhì)，增加就業(yè)率。He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once.廣告騙人只能一時(shí)，謊言遲早是要敗露的。 四、詞匯注釋(1) distribution (n.) 銷售，分配，分發(fā)；配給物；分布狀態(tài)，分區(qū)，分類；發(fā)送，發(fā)行(2) tube (n.) 英

52、口地鐵；顯像管，電子管(3) live up to (v.) 做到，不辜負(fù)。如：He didnt live up to his reputation.他的生活與他的名聲不符；與live有關(guān)的其他短語： 1）live on靠生活。如：He lives on his friends. 2) live through 度過，經(jīng)受過。如：He lived through three wars and two revolutions. 此外，應(yīng)該注意live, living, alive的區(qū)別。 1) live:“活著的”直接加以名詞之前，主要用于物。如：a live mouse 2)living：“活

53、著的”可用作表語，亦可做定語；可用于人，也可用于物。如：Is the wife still living? 3)alive:“活著的”只做表語，或用在和他有關(guān)的名詞的后面。living可用作比喻意味，如：living image，而alive只能用作原有的意義，不能用作比喻意義。如：No one alive will believe it.沒一個(gè)活人會(huì)相信。(4) mercifully (adv.)幸運(yùn)地是；寬厚地，仁慈地；merciful (a.)(5) have the good sense 很明智。如：He had the good sense to realize that the p

54、lan would never work.他很明智，知道這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃絕對(duì)行不通。(6) touch on 涉及，關(guān)系到，簡(jiǎn)略地論述(7) distinction (n.)差別，區(qū)分，draw between A and B(8) confine (v.) (與to, within搭配)局限，限制（于）；管制，禁閉(9) subtly (adv.) 細(xì)致地，精巧地；subtle (a.) 細(xì)微的，微妙的；精巧的，巧妙的五、全文翻譯花在廣告上的錢和我所知花在任何別的方面的錢一樣是值得的。它直接有利于商品以合理的價(jià)格快速地銷售，從而建立穩(wěn)固的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)，并且有可能以有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的價(jià)格提供出口商品。（長(zhǎng)難）通過

55、向公眾推出新思想，它極大地促進(jìn)生活水準(zhǔn)的提高。通過幫助增加商品需求，它確保對(duì)勞動(dòng)力的更大需求，因此成為對(duì)抗失業(yè)的一項(xiàng)有效措施。（佳句）它降低了許多服務(wù)費(fèi)用：沒有廣告，日?qǐng)?bào)的價(jià)格將是現(xiàn)在的四倍，電視許可證價(jià)格會(huì)翻一番，乘汽車或地鐵出行也將貴出百分之二十。 也許最重要的是，廣告對(duì)你所購(gòu)買的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的合理價(jià)值提供了一種保障。除了國(guó)會(huì)制定的27項(xiàng)法案對(duì)廣告加以約束之外，也沒有哪個(gè)正規(guī)的廣告商膽敢推銷與廣告承諾不符的產(chǎn)品。（長(zhǎng)難）他也許會(huì)通過誤導(dǎo)人的廣告暫時(shí)愚弄一些人。但他這樣做長(zhǎng)不了，因?yàn)樗业氖牵姾苊髦?，不?huì)再次購(gòu)買劣質(zhì)商品。（佳句）如果你看見一種商品不斷地做廣告，我認(rèn)為這就是最可靠的證明，商

56、品一定與其宣傳名副其實(shí)，一定體現(xiàn)良好的價(jià)值。（長(zhǎng)難句） 廣告對(duì)社會(huì)的物質(zhì)利益所作的貢獻(xiàn)比我能想到的任何其他力量都要大。 有一點(diǎn)我覺得應(yīng)該在此提及。最近我聽到一位電視知名人士宣稱，他反對(duì)廣告，因?yàn)閺V告是勸誘性的，而不是客觀地提供信息。他在此劃了一條過于清晰的界線。當(dāng)然廣告總是試圖勸服。 如果廣告僅僅限于提供信息這一點(diǎn)本身如果不是不可能的話，至少也難以做到，因?yàn)榧词惯x擇一件襯衫的顏色這樣的細(xì)節(jié)也多少隱含勸說之意那么廣告將變得味同嚼蠟、無人理會(huì)了。（長(zhǎng)難句）但也許這就是那位電視名人所希望的結(jié)果。Passage 2There are two basic ways to see growth: one

57、as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new languageall these are examples of people who have me