代詞語法整理之歐陽地創(chuàng)編

1、代詞語法整理時間：2021.03. 04創(chuàng)作：歐陽地代詞的定義和特征代詞是代替名詞以及起名詞作用的短語、分詞和句子的 詞。1）because he had a bad cold, jack decided to stayi n bed the who i e day.（代詞 he 代替名詞 jack）2）the browns said they might move to california（代詞they代替名詞短語the browns）3）bob a i ways answers h i s teacher' s questions well; that shows that he

2、 works very hard at home （代詞that代替前面的分句）代詞之間有兩點(diǎn)共同之處：第一，它們本身的詞義都很弱，必須從上下文來確定； 第二，許多代詞都有兩種功用：一可單獨(dú)取代名詞的位 置，二可起修飾語的作用。代詞的種類代詞可分為八類：1）人稱代詞 （personal pronoun）a）主格：i, you, he, she, it, we, you, t heyb)賓格：me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2) 物主代詞(possess i ve pronoun)a) 形容詞性物主代詞：my , your , his, her , its

3、 , our, your, thei rb) 名詞性物主代詞：mine, yours, his, hers, its,ours, yours, theirs3) 反身代詞(ref lexive pronoun) : myself, yourself,h imseif , herseif ,itseif , ourseives ,yourseives, themseives, oneseif4) 相 互代詞(reciprocal pronoun) : each other , one another5) 指示代詞(demonstrative pronoun) : this , that,thes

4、e, those, it, such, same6) 疑 問代詞 (interrogative pronoun) : who , whom ,whose, which, what7) 關(guān) 系代詞(re i a t i ve pronoun) : who, whom, whose, which, that, as8) 不定代詞(indefinite pronoun) : some, some thing, somebody , someone , any , anythi ng , anybody , anyone , no , noth i ng , nobody , no one , eve

5、ry , everyth i ng , everyone , everybody 、 each , much ,many , little, a little, few, a few , other ,another, all, none, one, both, either, neither一、人稱代詞1、人稱代詞的形式(見下表)2、人稱代詞的作用人稱代詞在句子中可作主語、賓語、表語等。(1) 人稱代詞作主語時用主格i i ost my wallet in the park.(2) 人稱代詞作賓語時用賓格i saw you in the street.(3) 人稱代詞作表語時一般用賓格who

6、 i s knock i ng at the door ? it' s me.3、在使用人稱代詞時有下面幾點(diǎn)注意：(1) we, you兩詞有時泛指一般人，指大家。you never know what may happen.(2) she可以用來代表國家、船只、大地、月亮等。i think chinese wi i i do what she promised to do.(3) i在并列的主語中，總放最后。(4) it有許多用法(a) 代表已提到過的一件事物。i iove swimming. it keeps me fit.(b) 當(dāng)說話者不知道對方的性別時，可用it來表oit&#

7、39; s a lovely baby. is it a boy or a girl?(c) 可用來指帶時間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象等。it is ha if past three now(d) 用于固定搭配中。take it easy.waik it 步行 make it 辦成 take it out of somebody拿某人出氣二、物主代詞1物主代詞的形式2、物主代詞的作用1) 形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語。the ta i i boy i s my student.2) 名詞性物主代詞作表語whose dictionary is this? it' s mine.(2) 作主語our

8、room i s on the f i rst floor and the i rs i son the second.作賓語you may use my pen. i' ii use hers.(4) 與of連用作定語he i s a ciose fr i end of ours三、反身代詞1反身代詞的形式2、反身代詞的作用作賓語i can' t express myseif in eng ii sh.作表語he is not quite himseif these days.(3) 作同位語反身代詞作同位語時，往往是用來加強(qiáng)名詞或代詞的語 氣，應(yīng)重讀；在句中常置于名詞、代詞

9、之后或句子末 尾。the theory itself is a i i r ight.we had better ask the teacher herseif about it.(5) 偶爾用作主語 這種獨(dú)立使用的反身代詞語氣較強(qiáng)。both my s i ster and myse if were invited to the par ty. 用于固定習(xí)語 help oneself to, hurt oneself, enjoy oneseif , dress oneseif , by oneseif , in oneself (本身)，bet ween ourse丨ves (私下說的話，不

10、可 告訴別人)四、相互代詞相互代詞表示相互關(guān)系。1、相互代詞的形式2、相互代詞的用法(1) 相互代詞賓格用作賓語we can he ip each other.(2) 相互代詞屬格用作定語we should point out each other, s shortcomings.五、指示代詞指示代詞是用來指示或標(biāo)識人或事物的代詞。1、指示代詞的形式其他還有：such, so, same, it (指人用)2、指示代詞的用法(1) 作主語 these aren' t my books.(2) 作賓語 she wi i i do that.(3) 作表語 my idea is this.

11、(4) 作定語 this book is about chinese traditional med i c i ne.（5）this和that有時可用作狀語，表示程度，譯為"這 么"和“那么”the book is this thick（6）that和those有時用來代表前面提到的東西，以避免 重復(fù)這個名詞the we a ther i n han dan i s coo i er t han that inguangzhou.（代替不可數(shù)名詞weather）the mach i nes are better than those we made i astyear.（

12、代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)mach i nes）my room was i ighter than the one next door.（如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞用the one來代替）六、疑問代詞1、疑問代詞的形式2、疑問代詞的用法1）who通常作主語和表語who is on duty today?2）whom作賓語whom do you wish to speak to?with whom did you go? （口 語中說 who did you gowith?更多一些。）3) whose> what、which這三個代詞可以用作主語whose i s better ?what happened

13、 next?表語whose i s it?what' s your father ?賓語whose are you going to borrow?定語whose umbrei i a i s this?七、關(guān)系代詞1>關(guān)系代詞的形式who, whom, whose, which, that是用來引起定語從句 的。它一面代表定語從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞，一 面又在從句內(nèi)擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分(通稱為先行詞)o2、關(guān)系代詞的用法1) who代表人，在從句中做主語或賓語。the girl who spoke is my best friend.do you i i ke the teache

14、r who (whom) we ta i ked with?2) whom代表人，在從句中作賓語。he is the man whom (who) you have been looking for.3) whose代表某個人的，在從句中作定語。do you know anyone whose fami i y i s in xi' an?4) which代表事物，在從句中可以作主語和賓語。he to id a st ory which moved us deep i y.5) that既代表人也代表物，在從句中可以作主語、賓語 或表語。thi s i s the plane that

15、 wii i fiy to tokyo in the afternoon.foo i that i was!八、不定代詞不定代詞是不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞， 英語中 不定代 £司有:some (something , somebody , someone) , any(anythi ng , anybody , anyone), no(nothing, nobody , no one) , every(everything , everybody , everyone) , all, each , both , much , many , (a)little, (a)fe

16、w , other (s) , another , none, one，either, neither 等。1 不定代詞的作用1）作主語both （of us） are r i ghteither （of the answers） i s cor rect.neither （of the answers） i s correct.i s everybody here?noth i ng spec i a i happened yesterday.al i i s go ing well.2）作賓語there i s room for a i i of us.i ii ke none of th

17、e booksif you have any， give us some.3）作表語thanks, it' s too much for me.thas reai iy something.4）作定語you may take either road.everybody' s bus iness i s nobody * s business. 人 人都管等于沒人管。（諺）please give another examp ie to illustrate your point.5）作同位語we none of us said anything.g i ve them two e

18、ach.2 不定代詞的用法比較1）al i, every 和 each 的比較all在表示抽象的整體概念時，作單數(shù)，相當(dāng)于everyth i ng:al i was destroyed in the big f i re.grasp all, iose al i.什么都抓，什么都抓不住。（諺） all指人時用作復(fù)數(shù)，意為指三者以上的“全部”、“全 體”，相當(dāng)于everyone,例:ai i are present.she knows us all.all在人稱代詞前面，只能用all of,而且要與人稱代 詞的賓格us, you, them等連用，如：a i i of us,而不 能說成a i

19、i usoevery用于三個或三個以上的人或物，是"每一個”的意 思，只能作定語，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體概念，例：every piayer i s present.they he i ped us i n every way.在表示“每個”、“全體”意思時，every的意思與all 很接近。但一般情況下every和單數(shù)名詞搭配，a i i和復(fù) 數(shù)名詞搭配，例：every child enjoys chr i stmasal i chiidren enjoy chr i stmas.each也是“每一個”的意思，但與every不同，each用 于指兩個或兩個以上的人或物，著重于個別概念，例：two

20、men came into the room. each carr ied an umbrei i a.each book on this desk is worth reading.he gave three to each (of them).2) some和any的比較不定代詞some, any都是“一些”的意思，都可和可數(shù) 名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用。some 一般用于肯定句中；而 any則用于否定句、疑問句或條件從句中，例：have you any questions?if there are any new magazines in the i ibrary,take some for

21、me.注意：在表示請求或建議，希望得到肯定回答的疑問句中，應(yīng)用some而不用any,例：would you pi ease give me some paper ?would you iike some sugar?some還可用于盼望得到肯定答復(fù)的疑問句，如：isn' t there some ink in that bottle?當(dāng)any表示“任何”或“無論哪一個”的意義時，可用 于肯定句，此時any要重讀，例：any one wi i i do.任 何一個都彳亍。you may come at any time that is convertient to you.some ,

22、any 和 body , one , t hi ng 構(gòu)成合成代詞 somebody , someone , something, anybody , anyone , anything等和some, any的基本用法一樣，由some構(gòu)成 的合成代詞一般用于肯定句，由any構(gòu)成的合成代詞一 般用于否定句和疑問句。如果要在疑問句中表示請求，建議等肯定的意思或者盼 望得到肯定的答復(fù)，須用somebody , someone或 someth i ng。3）many、 much 和 few、 iittlemany （很多），few（很少），a few（有幾個）是表示數(shù)的代 詞，用以代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞；

23、much（很多），i ittle（很 少），a i ittle（有一些）是表示量的代詞，用以代替或修 飾不可數(shù)名詞。a few和a i ittle表示肯定的意義，而 few和little則表示否定意義。這些詞一般作定語時較 多，有時也可作主語、賓語，例：she has as many books as you.（定語）i have few books to lend you.many have come to the meeting.he knows little about it.how much i s it?注意：a iot （of） , p ienty of等一類的短語相當(dāng)于many 和much,可修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名