高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全.ppt

1、【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】名詞性從句可分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。近幾年高考對(duì)名詞性從句的考查重點(diǎn)如下：【考點(diǎn)1】名詞性從句中引導(dǎo)詞名詞性從句中引導(dǎo)詞that與與what的使用場(chǎng)合。的使用場(chǎng)合。1 that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，不在從句中充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用；而what是連接代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。 _ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春季) a. what / because b. what / th

2、at c. that / what d. that / because2that在主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中不可省略, 但當(dāng)有兩個(gè)和兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句并列時(shí)，第二個(gè)從句以下的that不可省略。如：she said (that) she had left school and that her parents would find her a job. word comes _ a group of australian guests will come to visit our school next week. a. thatb. whichc. 不填d. about which (2

3、005天津2月)3介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用what，whether引導(dǎo)，不用that，which引導(dǎo)。但在介詞besides，except，in后可用that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。在有it作先行詞時(shí)，that可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。 the other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ i thought was a dangerous speed. a. asb. which c. what d. that (2004上海春季)【考點(diǎn)2】名詞性從句中引導(dǎo)詞名詞性從句中引導(dǎo)詞whether與與if 的用法區(qū)別。的用法區(qū)別。 a.引導(dǎo)及

4、物動(dòng)詞或形容詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句 he is not sure if / whether he can manage to do it.b.當(dāng)與or not分開(kāi)使用時(shí) he wondered if / whether we will attend the meeting or not.a.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句及位于句首的主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句（有時(shí)可省略）b.后面緊跟or not時(shí)c.后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí) _ the flight to new york will be delayed is _ im especially worried about. (2003南京) a. if ;

5、whatb. whether ; thatc. when ; thatd. whether ; whati dont know whether to go there at once. 我不知道是不是該立刻去那里。 (河北：李亞男)雖引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，但為了強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)部分，也可雖引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，但為了強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)部分，也可把從句放在句首，此時(shí)只用把從句放在句首，此時(shí)只用whether不用不用if。whether he will come i am not sure.他是不是來(lái)我拿不準(zhǔn)。從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只用從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只用whether不用不用if。it depends on whether it wi

6、ll be fine.那得看是不是晴天。作作discuss等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用whether不用不用if。we discussed whether we should close the shop.我們討論是不是該關(guān)掉商店。句子中有句子中有if引導(dǎo)的條件句，如再有表示引導(dǎo)的條件句，如再有表示“是否是否”的賓語(yǔ)從句，用的賓語(yǔ)從句，用whether不用不用if。he asked me whether id move to new york if i got the job.他問(wèn)我如果我得到那份工作是否會(huì)搬家到紐約。如果賓語(yǔ)從句為否定句時(shí)，則只用如果賓語(yǔ)從句為否定句時(shí)，則只用if不用

7、不用whether。i dont know if it wont rain tomorrow.我不知道明天是不是會(huì)下雨在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一般用在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一般用whether不不用用if。如：whether it is true remains a question.(主語(yǔ)從句)那是不是真的還是個(gè)問(wèn)題。the question is whether it is true.(表語(yǔ)從句)問(wèn)題是是不是真的。we have a doubt whether it is true.(同位語(yǔ)從句) 我們懷疑那是不是真的。注:whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句放在主句之后

8、時(shí)可用if來(lái)代替。it is unclear whether/if he likes the present.他是不是喜歡那個(gè)禮物還不清楚?！究键c(diǎn)3】在動(dòng)詞：一堅(jiān)持（在動(dòng)詞：一堅(jiān)持（insist）、二命令（）、二命令（order，command）、）、三建議（三建議（suggest，advise，propose）、四要求）、四要求（demand，require，request，ask）后的賓語(yǔ)從句和這）后的賓語(yǔ)從句和這些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞后的主語(yǔ)從句，以及這些動(dòng)詞的名詞引出些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞后的主語(yǔ)從句，以及這些動(dòng)詞的名詞引出的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)部分常用（的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)部分

9、常用（should）do形式。形式。 i advised that he _ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _ quite well then.a. be sent; was feelingb. was sent; sentc. be sent; feeld. should be sent; should feel (2005年山東2月)【考點(diǎn)4】名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序只能是陳述句語(yǔ)序，賓語(yǔ)從名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序只能是陳述句語(yǔ)序，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)保持句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。一致。 they a

10、re teachers and dont realize _ to start and run a company. (2004 黃岡)a. what takes itb. what they takec. what takes themd. what it takes【考點(diǎn)5】whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever和和however在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不可與在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不可與no matter who / which / what/ when/ where / how 替換，因?yàn)楹笳咧荒芤龑?dǎo)讓步主語(yǔ)從句。替換，因?yàn)楹笳咧荒芤龑?dǎo)讓步主語(yǔ)從句

11、。 have a nice trip! thanks. ill telephone you from _ i get to by tomorrow evening. (2004 廣州) a. wherever b. every place c. whenever d. no matter where限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。高考對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查常涉及以下幾個(gè)方面：考點(diǎn)6】正確區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)；正確區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)；理解關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用；特理解關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句

12、中的作用；特別注意指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容的關(guān)系代詞別注意指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容的關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 i shall never forget the day _ shenzhou v was launched, _ has a great effect on my life. a. when; whichb. that; whichc. which; thatd. when; that (2004北京東城)【考點(diǎn)7】關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞that，who，which以及以及as的用法區(qū)別。的用法區(qū)別。指人時(shí)常只用who不用that的情況；指物時(shí)只用which不用t

13、hat的情況；只用that不用which的情況；關(guān)系代詞as與which的用法區(qū)別；the same that 與the same as 的區(qū)別 there is no such place _ you dream of in all this world. (2004北京西城5月) a. that b. whatc. whichd. as【考點(diǎn)8】區(qū)別區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that是純連詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分；that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)等。 比較： the

14、news that they had won the game arrived soon. the news that you told me yesterday is true. is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (2002上海春季) a. he explainedb. what he explained c. how he explainedd. why he explained【考點(diǎn)9】定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須與先行詞在人稱與數(shù)上定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須與先行詞在人稱與數(shù)上保持一致。保持一致

15、。 he is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship in three years. a. is b. are c. have been d. has been (2002上海春季)【考點(diǎn)10】在先行詞為在先行詞為time，place，reason時(shí)，?？捎脮r(shí)，?？捎胻hat代代替替when，where，why，并常常省去。，并常常省去。如：that was the reason (that) / why / for which he left home. what surprised me was not wha

16、t he said but _ he said it. (2004湖北) a. the way b. in the way thatc. in the wayd. the way whichv答案：答案：bacda daada da1the boy dived into the water and after _ seemed to be a long time, he came up again. a. what b. thatc. itd. which分析：句中的after用作了介詞，后接的從句應(yīng)該是賓語(yǔ)從句。這個(gè)從句少主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)該用what來(lái)引導(dǎo)。選a. that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不充當(dāng)句子成分。2these two areas are similar _ they both have a high rainfall during this season. a. except thatb. in