賓語從句課件

1、 賓語從句命題趨勢（中考） 引導賓語從句的連詞和代詞的選擇 賓語從句的語序 賓語從句的時態(tài)： 1. 由不同連接詞引導的賓語從句由不同連接詞引導的賓語從句 2. 賓語從句中的陳述語序賓語從句中的陳述語序 3. 賓語從句中時態(tài)的呼應賓語從句中時態(tài)的呼應 4. 賓語從句的賓語從句的 否定轉移否定轉移問題一問題一: 什么是賓語什么是賓語?賓語表示及物動詞的動作對象和介詞所聯(lián)系賓語表示及物動詞的動作對象和介詞所聯(lián)系的對象的對象,常由名詞或相當與名詞的詞擔任常由名詞或相當與名詞的詞擔任,置置于及物動詞或介詞后。于及物動詞或介詞后。I love you.I am fond of reading books

2、in the sun.He bought me a pen.How is he getting along with his English teacher?We keep it a secret.I will arrange my holiday as follows. I think (that) your clothes fit well. He couldnt tell me where his home was.作介詞的賓語作介詞的賓語He always pays attention towhatever the teacher says.He talked of how he he

3、lped the old man.賓語從句的三要素：賓語從句的三要素：連接詞陳述句語序時態(tài)呼應 引導詞 關系代詞：what,which,who,whose,whom 關系副詞：when時間,where地點,why原因,how方式 If/whether從屬連詞 that從屬連詞 賓語從句的連接詞賓語從句的連接詞 當賓語從句是陳述句時，用that引導 She was a good girl,the teacher told us. =The teacher told us that she was a good girl. 當賓語從句是一般疑問句時，構成賓語從句用whether/if(是否）連接，

4、句尾的標點符號取決于主句。（在引導否定概念的賓語從句時只能用if)Eg. He asked me if I hadnt finished my work. Are you from Japan?he asked me. He asked me if/whether Im from Japan. 當賓語從句是特殊疑問句時，連接詞就用原來的疑問詞，但從句一定要注意用陳述語序。 When did he leave forJapan ?could you tell me? =could you tell me when he left for Japan? 語序語序 賓語從句無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句

5、，從句一律要用陳述語序，即主語，謂語的順序 Do you know what Kates e-mail address is? He asked me whose book this is. The doctor asked me what was wrong. 時態(tài)呼應 主句與從句時態(tài)一致 若主句是現(xiàn)在的某種狀態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時，）那么賓語從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定。 I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that he will leave for New York tomorrow. 若主句是過

6、去的某種時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進行時，）那么從句一定要用過去的某種時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時） He told me that he would take part in the high jump. He asked me if I had taken his soap.注意 若賓語從句表示的是客觀事實或真理時客觀事實或真理時，即使主句是過去式，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在是。 He told me that the earth goes round the sun.(真理） He said that YaoMing is much taller than him.（事實） 否

7、定轉移否定轉移 在主從復合句中，當主句的主語是第一人稱時，謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose等時，要將從句的否定詞轉移到主句中，例如I dont think he will come with you. I dont believe you are right.若謂語動詞為hope，賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉移 I hope it doesnt rain. 我希望不要下雨。 I hope you dont mind my saying it. 我希望你別介意我說這些話。 I dont remember having ever seen such a man.我記得從未見過這樣一

8、個人。(not否定動名詞短語 having) Its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在這里，人們不會想到在街上會碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主語，從句中的謂語動詞不能用否定形式。) 按英語習慣，anyoneanyone只能出現(xiàn)在否定否定詞之后，不能出現(xiàn)在否定否定詞之前。Dont tell anyone, will you? 你可不要告訴任何人喲。I dont know anyone at this party. 這晚會上我一個人也不認識。 I dont want

9、to waste anyones time. 我不想浪費任何人的時間。比較下面的正誤句：誰也不知道將來會發(fā)生什么事。Anyone doesnt know what will happen in the future. No one knows what will happen in the future. 有時狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉移到謂語動詞前。如： The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.螞蟻不只是為自己采食。(否定狀語) He was not ready to believe something just because Aris

10、totle said so. 他并不因亞里斯多德說過如何如何，就輕信此事。(否定because狀語) risttl She had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. 她結婚還不到幾個月，這個人的弟弟就看見她了，并對她的美貌著了迷。(否定狀語many weeks) 賓語從句的簡化的賓語從句的簡化的 六種方法六種方法 方法一：當主句謂語動詞是hope， decide，wish， choose， agree， promise等，且賓語從句的主

11、語與主句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為不定式結構。 Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him. 方法二：當主句謂語動詞是know， learn，remember， forget， tell等動詞，且主句主語與從句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結構。 She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has

12、 forgotten how to open the window. 注：當主句謂語動詞是tell， ask， show， teach等動詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結構。 Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？ 方法三：當主句的謂語動詞是order（命令），require（需要）等時，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化為“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結構。 The headmaster order

13、ed that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once. 方法四：某些動詞后的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動名詞（短語）等其他形式簡化。 He insisted that he shouldgo with us. He insisted on going with us. The poor boy doesnt knowwhen and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the Time and the place of his birth. 方法五：

14、某些動詞后面的賓語從句可轉化為“賓語+V-ing形式（作賓語補足語）”結構。 Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground. 方法六：動詞seem后的賓語從句，也可以用不定式（短語）來簡化，但句型需要進行適當?shù)淖兓?It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win. 除上述方法外，除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉化。還有一些特殊句式的轉化。 I fo

15、und that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well. Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy. I dont remember that I haveE

16、ver seen such a man. I dont remember having ever seen such a man.我記得從未見過這樣一個人 賓語從句的連接詞：賓語從句的連接詞：類別類別 關聯(lián)詞關聯(lián)詞 特特 點點. . 從屬連從屬連詞詞that, whether/if只起連接作用，不充當從只起連接作用，不充當從句成分。句成分。. .連接代詞連接代詞 who, whom, what，which,whose起連接作用外，還在從句起連接作用外，還在從句中充當主語或賓語或定語中充當主語或賓語或定語. .連接副詞連接副詞 when, where, how，why起連接作用外，還在從句起連接

17、作用外，還在從句中充當狀語。中充當狀語。引導詞引導詞的作用例句That本身無意義，起連接作用，可省略He said(that)kate was good at swimming.What,which,who,whose,whom在從句中做一定的成分，如主語，賓語，定語等I dont know what they are going to do.When,where,why,how在從句中作狀語Could you tell me where you are from?If/whether是否，不做句子成分，但不能省略He asked me if Miss Wei is a teacher.由從屬

18、連詞由從屬連詞that引導的賓語從句引導的賓語從句:that無實際意義，不作句子成分，可以省略。無實際意義，不作句子成分，可以省略。1.他對我們說他不舒服。他對我們說他不舒服。2.我知道他已經回來了。我知道他已經回來了。He told us that he felt ill.I know he has returned.有時賓語從句可以用引詞有時賓語從句可以用引詞it作形式賓語。作形式賓語。He made it clear that he preferred to study English.I find it hard that we can finish the work on time.

19、 他明確地說他寧愿學英語。他明確地說他寧愿學英語。我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們能按時完成這項工作很難。我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們能按時完成這項工作很難。由從屬連詞由從屬連詞whether, if 引導的賓語從句引導的賓語從句1. I wonder _. （他是否跟我們一起去公園）（他是否跟我們一起去公園）2. I dont know _. （是否要下雨）（是否要下雨）3.I wonder _ it doesnt rain. ( whether / if ) if (whether) he will go to the park with us whether it is going to rain or not注意：注意：1.

20、 whetheror not是固定結構；是固定結構； 2.賓語從句是否定句，只能用賓語從句是否定句，只能用if。if 1.Could you tell me we get to the place? Ahow Bwhether Cwhere Dwhat 2.The teacher saysshe will leave a message on the headmasters desk. Aif Bwho Cthat Dwhat 3.I am not sure _ he will come tomorrow. A. that B. if C. what D. who 4.-Do you reme

21、mber _ he came? -Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. ifAC解題指導一：判斷語義，選擇連接詞解題指導一：判斷語義，選擇連接詞Exercises:BA5.Do you know how much hot water?AMum is neededBdoes Mum needCMum needs Ddid Mum need6.Can you tell me?Awhere he is Bwhere is he Che is where Dwhat is he7.I want to know how long.Aha

22、s he been backBhas he come backChe has been backDhe has come backCAC解題指導二：解題指導二：語序正常語序正常：連接詞連接詞后緊跟后緊跟主語主語+謂語謂語，即賓語從句中要用陳述句語序。即賓語從句中要用陳述句語序。8.I thought he _to see his mother if he _time.Awill gohasBwill go will haveCwould go would haveDwould go had9.Do you know?A. what the news areB. what is the news

23、C. what the news is D. what are the news解題指導三解題指導三: 時態(tài)呼應時態(tài)呼應若主句時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，賓語從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際若主句時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，賓語從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定；情況而定；若主句是過去時態(tài)，賓語從句的時態(tài)要用過去的某個若主句是過去時態(tài)，賓語從句的時態(tài)要用過去的某個時態(tài)，客觀真理除外。時態(tài)，客觀真理除外。8. I didnt know how to London?Awould they goBare they goingCthey would goDthey are goingC注意一注意一: I wish 后的賓語從句后的賓語從句:翻

24、譯翻譯:1.我多希望我是一只小鳥。我多希望我是一只小鳥。2.我希望我昨天能去看那場電影。我希望我昨天能去看那場電影。3.我希望明年我就能大學畢業(yè)。我希望明年我就能大學畢業(yè)。(graduate)1. I wish (that) I were a little bird.2. I wish (that) I could have gone to see the movie yesterday.3. I wish (that) I could graduate from college next year.I wish.1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望,賓語從句中謂賓語從句中謂語

25、動詞形式為語動詞形式為 were / did2.表示與過去事實相反的愿望表示與過去事實相反的愿望,賓語從句中謂賓語從句中謂語動詞形式為語動詞形式為 had done 或或 could/would have done3.表示與將來事實相反的愿望表示與將來事實相反的愿望,賓語從句中謂賓語從句中謂語動詞形式為語動詞形式為 should/ would/might do注意二注意二:在動詞在動詞insist(堅持堅持), order ,command (命令命令)advise, propose, suggest (建議建議),demand(要要求求), request, require (請求請求)等后

26、面的賓語從句等后面的賓語從句中謂語動詞要用中謂語動詞要用(should) do1.他堅持我們應該在他堅持我們應該在9:00之前完成作業(yè)。之前完成作業(yè)。2.經理要求每人每天要按時上班。經理要求每人每天要按時上班。3.老師建議我們每天早上聽英語。老師建議我們每天早上聽英語。Answers:1.He insisted that we (should) finish thehomework before 9:00.2.The manager demands that everyone(should) go to work on time every day.3.The teacher suggests

27、 that we (should)listen to English every morning.當主句的謂語動詞是當主句的謂語動詞是think, believe, suppose, expect等時，從句的否定要轉移到主句中。等時，從句的否定要轉移到主句中。I dont think she is right.我認為她不對。我認為她不對。我相信他不會通過考試。我相信他不會通過考試。注意三：否定轉移注意三：否定轉移I dont believe he will pass the exam. ExerciseThe radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)The h

28、eadmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. I hear they _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do)The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk)I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be)Will begoeswere playinghave returnedhad beenwere doingtravelsAre talkingwere10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter