高一 虛擬語氣

1、 高一英語 虛擬語氣【知識(shí)梳理】一、虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中主從句時(shí)態(tài)虛擬條件句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)主語+should, would, could, might + 動(dòng)詞原形If I didnt have a meeting to attend now, I would not leave you alone at home. If I were you, I should seize the chance to go abroad. 與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If + 主語 + had + 過去分詞主語+should, would, could

2、, might + have + 過去分詞If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語+didIf+主語+were to +動(dòng)詞原形If高考資源網(wǎng)+主語+should+動(dòng)詞原形主語+should, would, could, might + 動(dòng)詞原形If he were here this evening, we would play cards. If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off

3、.If she should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday. 使用虛擬條件句時(shí)要注意的幾點(diǎn)：1“混合虛擬”，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college

4、 in four years time. 2if 省略句在條件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首 , 變?yōu)榈寡b句式。如：If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.If it should rain tomorrow, we would

5、 not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.3含蓄條件句有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其他手段來代替條件句或隱藏條件句。常見的詞有：with ，without ,but for， or, otherwise, but等。What would you do with a million dollars? ( = if you had a million dollars)Without your help (= if you hadnt helped me), I co

6、uldnt have finished my job.But for the rain ( = If it hadn't been for the rain ), we would have finished the work.I was ill that day. Otherwise（=If I hadnt been ill that day），I would have taken part in the sports meet. (副詞)陳述事實(shí)+otherwise+虛擬語氣（would/could/might +have done 表過去would/could/might +do

7、表現(xiàn)在和將來） I would have taken part in the sports meet, but I was ill that day. (連詞) 虛擬語氣+ but +陳述事實(shí)，虛擬語氣用法同上。二、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用1用于賓語從句中 用于wish后面的賓語從句中wish后的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式為:did (表示現(xiàn)在), had done (表示過去), could / would / might + 動(dòng)詞原形(表將來)如：I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely

8、in the sky.I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.How I wish it weren't raining now. 用于表示建議、要求、命令等詞后的賓語從句中，常見的動(dòng)詞有：suggest, propose, advise, recommend，require, request, insist，demand, desire, order, command, ,等。結(jié)構(gòu)為“should +動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。如：He suggested that we (should) start off early

9、 the next day. They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.注意：當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示、表明”之意時(shí)，不用虛擬語氣，應(yīng)用陳述語氣。如：The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 當(dāng)insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”之意時(shí)，不用虛擬語氣，應(yīng)用陳述語氣。如：The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 在would rather后的賓語從句中，也用虛擬語氣，其構(gòu)成為動(dòng)詞用過去式d

10、id表現(xiàn)在和將來，用過去完成表示過去。如：I would rather you came tomorrow. I would rather you told me the truth now.I would rather you hadnt told me about.2用于主語從句中一是用于表示建議、要求、命令等詞的形式主語從句中，如It is suggested / proposed /requested/desired+that從句, 二是句型It is necessary / important / strange / natural + that從句，這些從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“shou

11、ld +動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。如：It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios (should) not be played after 11 o'clock at night.It is necessary that he (should)be sent to Miami.3在表示建議、要求、命令等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，如suggestion, proposal, order, request, advice其構(gòu)成是“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”。如：His order is

12、 that the cloth (should）be woven right now.We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sight seeing. 三、虛擬語氣用在as if (as though)從句 和if only（但愿）引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中其用法和wish的賓語從句相似，即過去時(shí)(表示現(xiàn)在), 過去完成時(shí)(表示過去), could / would / might + 動(dòng)詞原形(表將來)如：He looks as if he were an artist.The child is acting as

13、if he were an adult. (虛擬)If only I were a flying bird! = How I wish I were a flying bird!If only I had seen the film! = How I wish I had seen the film! 注意 as if/as though從句表達(dá)真實(shí)的情況就要用陳述語氣。It is cloudy. It looks as if it is going to rain. (真的就要下雨)四、虛擬語氣用于特殊句型中1. It is (high/about) time (that) 從句謂語動(dòng)詞用d

14、id，或should + 動(dòng)詞原形（其中should不能省略）。如：It is (high/about) time that you went to school. It is (high) time that we should start out.2. .表示祝愿的祈使句. 常見句型是May you +動(dòng)詞原形, Long live +主語 May you succeed! 祝你成功！ Long live China! 中華人民共和國萬歲！【典型例題分析】題1Can you come to attend our party tonight? Sorry, but I do wish I _

15、. A. had B. can C. will D. could【答案解析】分析上下文語境可以知道, wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句表示與將來事實(shí)相反的愿望, 故應(yīng)用would, could+動(dòng)詞原形。答案D。題2 It is necessary that people both young and old in China _some English to be prepared for the Olympic Games to be held in Beijing in 2008. A. learn B. will learn C. must learn D. have learned【答案解析】

16、在句型 It is necessary（strange, natural, important.）+從句結(jié)構(gòu)中, 從句中謂語動(dòng)詞要用"should+動(dòng)詞原形"構(gòu)成, should 可以省略。答案A。 題3 If he_ his legs in the last training, he _the coming World Cup, which he has been longing to compete in.A. hadnt hurt; would join in B. hadnt hurt; would have taken part inC. didnt hurt;

17、would go in for D. didnt hurt; would have taken part in【答案解析】該題是由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,表示一種假設(shè), 從句中的動(dòng)作過去發(fā)生,與過去事實(shí)相反, 主句的動(dòng)作與將來事實(shí)相反, 故從句謂語動(dòng)詞用had done, 主句用would(could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形。答案A。題4 I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise I _you waiting for such a long time. A. will not keep B. have not kept

18、 C. had not kept D. would not have kept 【答案解析】根據(jù)句子意義, otherwise 前的分句為客觀事實(shí), 使用的為一般過去時(shí), 而otherwise 后一分句則表示與過去事實(shí)相反的一種假設(shè), 句中實(shí)際省略了if I hadnt been caught.故選項(xiàng)部分應(yīng)為與過去事實(shí)相反的主句虛擬結(jié)構(gòu), 應(yīng)選 wouldnt have kept。答案D。題5 Though the girl had been suffering from the blood disease, she acted as if nothing _ to her while fac

19、ing her friends and relations. A. happened B. would happen C. was happened D. had happened【答案解析】在as if , as though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中, 從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬結(jié)構(gòu),該句是表示與過去事實(shí)相反的動(dòng)作, 要用had + 過去分詞構(gòu)成。答案 D。【鞏固訓(xùn)練】答案: 1 -5 CDCBB 6 -10 CCDDB 11-15 BACDA 16-20 BBABD 21-25BACCB 26-30 CDBDB1 . The teacher demanded that the exam _ bef

20、ore eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished 解析：虛擬語氣中用于表示建議、愿望、命令等詞后的賓語從句中，常見的動(dòng)詞有：demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise, recommend等。結(jié)構(gòu)為“should +動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。2 . “Why didnt you buy a new car?” “I would have bought one if I _enough money. ”

21、解析：didnt和would have bought都表明了后句表示與過去事實(shí)相反, 故從句謂語動(dòng)詞用had done, A. had B. have had C. would have D. had had 3 . It is really strange that the girl _so early. A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry 解析：It is necessary / important / strange / natural + that從句，這些從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“should +動(dòng)

22、詞原形”，should可以省略。4 . Id rather you _ right away. A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave 解析：在would rather后的賓語從句中用虛擬語氣，其構(gòu)成為動(dòng)詞用過去式表示現(xiàn)在和將來5 . The suggestion has been made _ the basketball game _ put off. A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being 解析：后面一句“籃球比賽被推遲”是解釋suggestion的內(nèi)容，所以后面是一句名

23、詞性從句，故用引導(dǎo)詞that, 又因?yàn)榻ㄗh所以名詞性從句中要用虛擬語氣，其構(gòu)成是“(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形”，所以答案是B。6 . _today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves解析：考查虛擬語氣條件句，if 從句是與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。正常語序可用If he were to leave/were he to leave, if he should leave/should he leave,以及 if he left

24、, 再結(jié)合省略倒裝，只有C正確。7 .If it were not for the fact that she _ sing, I would invite her to the party.A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not解析：.fact that she _ sing是做fact的同位語從句，解釋了fact的內(nèi)容，并不是非真實(shí)的條件句，所以不用虛擬。8 . Had I known her name, _. A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live? C. she would

25、 be beautiful D. I would have invited her to lunch 解析：前半句是if條件句中對(duì)過去事實(shí)的虛擬，所以后面主句用would （could, might）+have done。9 . -You could have asked Mr. Richard for help. He is so kind. -Yes. A whole day _. A. had been wasted B. would waste C. wasted D. was wasted解析：could have asked ,本可以。實(shí)際情況是當(dāng)初并沒有，此處是和過去事實(shí)相反的虛

26、擬。但“一整天被浪費(fèi)了”是事實(shí)，所以用一般過去式。10. I left very early last night, but I wish I _so early. A. didnt B. hadnt left C . havent left D. couldnt leave 解析：I wish 后的賓語從句中用虛擬語氣。last night表明時(shí)間是過去，故從句用had done。11. Its high time that we _ to school. A. would to B. went C. go D. will go 解析：It is (high/about) time (tha

27、t) ，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用did，或should + 動(dòng)詞原形（其中should不能省略）。12. He insisted that we all _in his office at one oclock. A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be 13. He insisted that he _me before. A. see B. should see C. had seen D. saw 解析：12題中的insist表示“堅(jiān)持要求”，所以用法同題1里的demand,用虛擬。而13題中的insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”之意，不用虛擬語氣，應(yīng)用陳述語氣，故選C

28、.14. If he _to the teacher attentively, he _the answer to the problem now. A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know 解析：此題考查“混合虛擬”，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。條件句中與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，主句是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的事實(shí)。 15. I would have come earlier, but I _ tha

29、t you were waiting for me. A. didnt know B. hadnt know C. would have known D. havent known解析：此題考查含蓄虛擬，虛擬語氣+ but +陳述事實(shí)，故不用虛擬。16. They _ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. A. had got B. got C. have got D. get解析：此題考查含蓄虛擬，otherwise theyd never have been 這一句

30、用了與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，而“他們弄到了兩張免費(fèi)去加拿大的票”確是事實(shí)，故用一般過去時(shí)，即陳述事實(shí)+otherwise+虛擬語氣 。17. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I d rather he _ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused解析：would rather 后接句子時(shí)，要用虛擬，根據(jù)前半句is going to的提示可知，此句是對(duì)將來虛擬，would rather后用過去時(shí)代替現(xiàn)

31、在和將來，故用focused.18. _ you succeed and _ you be healthy! A. May; may B. Wish ; wish C. Hope; hope D. Should; may解析：May you +動(dòng)詞原形，表示祝愿，所以選A。19. If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river _ so seriously now. A. is not polluted B. would not be polluted C. had not been polluted D. wou

32、ld not have been polluted解析：本題考察混合虛擬語氣，if引導(dǎo)的條件虛擬句中用了earlier表示過去，而在主句中則用了now，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬，所以用would/could do這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。20. The local peasants gave the soldiers clothes and food without which they _of cold and hunger. A. would die B. will die C. would be dead D. would have died解析：本題是含蓄虛擬和定語從句的結(jié)合，without whic

33、h即without clothes and food=If they hadnt had clothes and food意思是如果沒有了衣服和事物，士兵們早已死于饑寒交迫。主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是gave,表示是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬，故用would/couldhave done這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。21. - How much of the foreign experts speech have you understood? - Next to nothing. I wish I _ harder at English.A. worked B. had worked C. would work D. wer

34、e working 解析：本題考察的是由I wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬句，本句的意思是，我多么希望我學(xué)英語更努力點(diǎn)的（我也不至于英語講座什么都聽不到了），過去不努力學(xué)導(dǎo)致今天聽不懂，所以用had worked22. The picture exhibition bored me to death. If only I _ to it. A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone解析：本題考察if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。第一個(gè)句子中的bored表示時(shí)態(tài)為過去。而在if only句型中因該用 had done 表示

35、對(duì)過去事實(shí)的虛擬，因此答案是A翻譯為，要是我沒有去參觀攝影展該多好啊。23. _ it _ to rain tomorrow , the sports meet would be put off until the same time next week. A. Should; / B. If ; should C. Were;/ D. If ; was going解析：從句中的tomorrow 提示從句中有三種表達(dá)方式表將來：if it should rain/should it rain,if it were to rain/were it to rain,及if it rained.根據(jù)

36、空格位置及to，因此考的是were it to rain.24. - Sorry for having kept you waiting. But for the traffic jam, I _ 20 minutes earlier. - Never mind. I havent been waiting that long. A. arrived B. would arrive C. would have arrived D. had arrived解析：此題屬于含蓄虛擬，but for the traffic jam= if it hadnt been for the traffic j

37、am。20 minutes earlier表示是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬，因此用would have done。翻譯為：要不是交通堵塞，我20分鐘前就已經(jīng)到了。25. - Im sorry. I _ at you the other day. -Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted 解析：結(jié)合對(duì)話內(nèi)容和時(shí)間狀語the other day可以推斷出空格意思為“本不應(yīng)該?！?，所以應(yīng)選sh

38、ouldnt have done.26. Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A. lives B. would live C. lived D. were living解析：根據(jù)Grace doesnt want to move to New York這一事實(shí)和后面的wouldnt 而非wont可推斷出此處的if條件句是非真實(shí)的，所以用虛擬。27. .We lost our way i

39、n that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.A. visited B. had visitedC. would visitD. would have visited解析：此題前半句是真實(shí)情況，而otherwise則隱藏著一句虛擬條件句,因?yàn)橛衴esterday,所以=if we hadnt lost our way，所以主句應(yīng)為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have down的結(jié)構(gòu)。28. If my car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead

40、of flying last summer.A. was B. had beenC. should be D. would be解析：該句是典型的虛擬條件句，從last summer可以看出是對(duì)過去進(jìn)行假設(shè)。29. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have hadB. had had C. have D. had解析：從now可以看出，這句話是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)。30. _fired, your health care and other benefits

41、 will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be解析：前半句是對(duì)將來的假設(shè)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用should，放在句首是用了倒裝。二、任務(wù)型閱讀：31. growing 32. truth 33 .aware 34. temporarily 35. until 36. works 37. conclude 38. failed 39. controlled 40. safe 解析:本文的主旨可以從標(biāo)題passwords are no safeguards便

42、可得知。文章共六小節(jié)，可分文三部分。1，2小節(jié)引出主題，介紹了人們并沒有意識(shí)到他們的個(gè)人信息一旦輸入電腦就不再安全了，而且危險(xiǎn)正日益增長。3，4小節(jié)介紹了計(jì)算機(jī)存儲(chǔ)信息的工作原理。5,6小節(jié)介紹了Tal Garfinkel和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)的相關(guān)研究。31, 34，35，37是文章原詞。32，33, 40是概括理解題。36, 38, 39是同義轉(zhuǎn)換題。Passwords Are No SafeguardsTyping your password（密碼）or credit card number into a computer is a moments work. But if you think yo

43、ur personal details disappear as soon as you hit the return key, think again: they can sit on the computers hard disk for years waiting for a hacker (黑客) to take them.As people spend more time on the web and hackers become more experienced, the dangers of storing personal information on computers ar

44、e 31.growing by the day, security experts say. There are some safeguards, such as never allowing your computer to store your passwords. But even that is no guarantee of security.When you type in a password, it is stored in random access memory (RAM), where it is held 34.temporarily until other data

45、overwrites it or the computer is switched off.The computer copies the contents of its RAM onto hard disk, where it is easy to take for a hacker, who can read it directly or design a worm to e-mail it back. The longer sensitive data stays in RAM, the more likely it is to be copied onto the disk, where it stays 35.until it is overwritten-which might not happen for years.Tal Garfinkel and colleagues from Stanford University have created a sof