高考閱讀理解攻略2

1、第二講 正確選項的特點1正確選項是原文的同義改寫（2013廣東）One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England，an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. "This boy has lost his

2、 family," he wrote. "He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and I'm very worried about him. Can you help?”36. When he first met the author, David .A. felt a little excitedB. walked energeticallyC. looked a little nervousD. showed up with his teacher【解析】：根據(jù)信息He kep

3、t walking up and down restlessly（不安地），可以判斷選項C為正確答案。nervous與原文中的restlessly為同義不同詞性的復(fù)現(xiàn)。2正確選項是原文的“反說”改寫 Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twe

4、lve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from t

5、hat of his parents in style rather than grammar. Q：If a child starts to speak later than others, he will _A .have a high IQ. B .be less intelligent. C .be insensitive to verbal signals. D .not necessarily be backward. 【解析】：第一句句意為：專家們指出人們學(xué)習(xí)語言的階段往往是通過一個固定的進程、并且在一段時期內(nèi)，但是卻有一些特例，那些孩子們掌握語言能力的時期較晚，但最后卻變成了高

6、智商的人。A和B與這句話的前后兩個部分相矛盾，C的內(nèi)容與原文表述的內(nèi)容不符，原文中并沒有提到孩子是否對事物(或信號)有不敏感的表現(xiàn)，而是提到他們的母親在他們學(xué)習(xí)語言的階段所發(fā)出的非語言信號敏感與否。D項包括兩種可能性，即這個孩子有可能很遲鈍，但是有可能又很聰明，因此D“不一定落后于其他人”最符合第四段第一句話的表述，通過not和backward的雙重否定增加了題目的難度。3正確選項是原文的部分 There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have general

7、ly viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts. Q:

8、 A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when _ .A he has given up his smoking habit. B he has made great efforts in his work. C he is keen on learning anything new. D he has tried to determine where he is on his journey. 【解析】：本文闡述的一個觀點是人們通常認為個人的成長是外在的成果或產(chǎn)物，是容易辨別和衡量的，文中使用概括性的語言，而選項

9、則是具體的表象。正確答案必須符合“外在”、“易辨別和衡量”這兩個一般特征。A項“當(dāng)一個人戒了煙”，煙戒了是一種易辨別的、外在的“成果”，與“升職”等相似，屬于特殊的情況。故A正確。4正確選項常常是原文簡化 Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a babys life, the stimulus th

10、at produces a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-ol

11、ds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mothers back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or deco

12、de meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus ones gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of ones conversation partner.”Q: Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person _.A .whose front view is fully perceived. B .whose face is covered with a mask. C .whose fac

13、e is seen from the side. D. whose face is free of any covering.【解析】：C選項是對文中文字的解釋和簡化，in profile是側(cè)面像的意思。5正確選項是對原文的解釋 “Creative thinking may mean simply the realization thats no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,” wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority, this accou

14、nts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient:“How come nobody thought of that before?” The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is on

15、ly one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even

16、if they lead to dead ends. Q：The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in paragraph 1 because _.A Rudolph Flesch is best-known expert in the study of human creativity. B the quotation strengthens that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things. C the reader is familiar with Rudolph Fleschs point

17、of view. D the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented.【解析】：作者引用Flesch的話當(dāng)然是為了支持自己的觀點：有創(chuàng)造力的人經(jīng)常探索做事情的新方法。文章Flesch指出創(chuàng)造性思維往往只起源于一種認識：做事情的傳統(tǒng)的方法未必是最好的。A、C所表達的內(nèi)容也許是正確的，但并不是文章引用Flesch的目的。D Flesch的話所表達的思想與作者的看法是相吻合的，且進一步解釋了文中的觀點。6正確選項是原文的概括 For a long period of time and in many part

18、s of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. Q：Families in

19、frontier settlements used to entertain strangers _ .A. to improve their hard life. B. in view of their long-distance travel. C .to add some flavor to their own daily life. D .out of a charitable impulse. 【解析】：第一句句意為：很久以前在大多數(shù)地方的鄉(xiāng)下, 旅行者的到來會暫時打破沉悶枯燥的氛圍。選項C意為“為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ顜須g樂的氣息”是對下文內(nèi)容的概括，符合文意。故選C。7正確選項是對大意的

20、歸納Few people doubt the fundamental importance of mothers in child raising, but what do fathers do? Much of what they contribute is simply the result of being a second adult in the home. Bringing up children is demanding, stressful and exhausting. Two adults can support and make up for each others st

21、rengths. Q：The paragraph points out that one of the advantages of a family with both parents is _.A husband and wife can share house work. B two adults are always better than one. C the fundamental importance of mothers can be fully recognized. D husband and wife can make up for each others shortcom

22、ing. 【解析】：本段的話題是子女撫養(yǎng)中母親或父親的作用，如果雙方互相支持，可以彌補對方的缺陷?？梢奃“夫婦可互相補償彼此缺點”是段落中心的概括，符合題意。A“夫婦可共同做家務(wù)勞動”和 “兩個總比一個好”都是根據(jù)生活常識編造的選項；C“母親的重要性可以得到充分認可”，表達較為片面，沒有全面歸納文章的大意。8正確選項是原文的推理 1） （2013福建）. It would remain the case, of course, that Mrs. Bennet would be one of very few women on the company board, that her salar

23、y would be lower than her male colleagues, her bonus of a more "female" dimension and her lifespan (年限) among the city's business leaders shorter than theirs. Still, she'd no doubt have enjoyed Davosand might even have hobnobbed (攀談) with influential figures.Q: What does the writer

24、 intend to tell us?A. Women with brains can also be as successful as men.B. Women have to pay a high price for success.C. A judgment must be made free from prejudice.D. Sex discrimination still exists nowadays.【解析】：文中介紹Mrs. Bennet雖為執(zhí)行經(jīng)理，但薪水，獎金都比男性低，且工作年限比男性短。由此可推斷出：在當(dāng)今社會中，性別歧視依舊存在。故選擇D。2） （2013廣東）Us

25、ually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?"Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with," I thought

26、. "Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.” Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly."Its your turn," he said.After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times about his bikin

27、g with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.Q：What can be inferred about David?A. He recovered after months of treatment.B. He liked biking before he lost his family.C. He went into university soon after starting to talk.D. He got fr

28、iends in school before he met the author.【解析】：根據(jù)“Some months later,he looked up at me suddenly，David started talking. 幾個月后的一天David開始看我并開始對我說話了”，再根據(jù)“After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club.從那天起，他開始說話，并且交了朋友、參加了社團，而且從此“開始了新生活（末句）”，以及最后He wrote to me a

29、few times得知，這些都是他結(jié)束治療寫信告訴我的，因此判斷A項“幾個月的治療之后，他痊愈了?！睘檎_答案?！炯挤w驗】：1）（2013福建） Austen's popularity is rooted in her intelligence. But today she would certainly have had a very different life, as would her characters. Here's my own suggestion. . .67.Which of the following is TRUE according to the

30、passage?A. Austen was born 200 years ago.B. Austen rewrote Pride and Prejudice.C. Austen's success lies in her wisdom.D. Austen's updated work gains popularity.【解析】：首句Austen's popularity is rooted in her intelligence中的popularity和intelligence與選項中的success和wisdom屬于“同義轉(zhuǎn)述”，故選擇C。2） （2013北京） Wh

31、en the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2005, she was fighting for her life. “Is she going to make it?” Her trainer, Abbey Stone, feared the worst. Grace did make it - but her tail didnt. She ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle.60. When Grace first arrived at t

32、he Ocean Park, her trainer worried about her _.A. physical build B. potential abilityC. chance of survival D. adaptation to the surroundings.【解析】：第二段當(dāng)中的“She was fighting for her life. Is she going to make it ？她在為她的生命戰(zhàn)斗。她能活下來嗎?”與選項C中的chance of survival（幸存的可能）最相對應(yīng)，故答案選C。3）（2013湖北）Some years ago, writi

33、ng in my diary used to be a usual activity. I would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the days events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary. I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my exper

34、iences forever recorded on paper. After all, isnt accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?51. Before the age of thirteen, the author regarded keeping a diary as a way of _.A. observing her school routineB. expressing her satisfactionC. impressing her classmatesD. preserving her history【解析

35、】：根據(jù)After all, isnt accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?與選項D preserving her history相對應(yīng)，故D為正確答案。4）（2013湖北）Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling. I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are

36、particularly meaningful. I take pictures, but not very oftenonly of objects I find really beautiful. Im no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old. I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy preserving the present so as to live it

37、in the future.53. What does the author put in her diary now?A. Notes and beautiful pictures.B. Special thoughts and feelings.C. Detailed accounts of daily activities.D. Descriptions of unforgettable events.【解析】：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞now和 put in her diary定位對應(yīng)的文章中的“Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write

38、down a special thought or feeling”故選項B. Special thoughts and feelings為正確答案。5）（2013湖南）In my living room, there is a plaque(匾) that advises me to “Bloom(開花) where you are planted.” It reminds me of Dorothy. I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s，when I was teaching Early Childhood Development throug

39、h a program with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky. The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of each teacher in the program. Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area.61“Early Childhood Development” in Paragraph I refers to _Aa program

40、directed by DorothyBa course given by the authorCan activity held by the studentsDan organization sponsored by Union College【解析】：由文章中I was teaching “Early Childhood Development” through a program可知Early Childhood Development是作者教的一門課程。6） （2013山東） Jimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a

41、 few months ago. He has a good heart, but always feared applying for a new job.One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. His appointment was at 10 a.m. and it was already 8:30. While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw

42、 an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just h

43、elped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said, “Well, I could take you to the office for your interview. Its the least I could do. Please, I insist.” Jimmy agreed. 56. Why did Jimmy apply for a new job?A. He was out of work. B. He was bored with his job.C. He want

44、ed a higher position. D. he hoped to find a better boss.【解析】：根據(jù)“Jimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago.”中的 “l(fā)ost his job ”與選項A中“out of work”同義，故選A。57. What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?A. A friends car had a flat tyre. B. A wild man was pushing a car. C. A

45、 terrible car accident happened. D. An old mans car broke down.【解析】：根據(jù)題干“on the way to the interview”定位對應(yīng)的第二段第三句；“he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car”當(dāng)中的something wrong with the car可知是老人的車出問題了， 與選項D同義，故選D。7）（2013重慶）I took my pure

46、e and keys and rushed to my car. But suddenly I began to doubt about the dentist. What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice? Why wasn't he as busy as the others?57. What made the author begin to doubt about the dentist?A. The dentist's agreeing to treat her

47、 at very short notice.B. The dentist's being as busy as the other dentists.C. The surroundings of the dentist's office.D. The laughing assistant of the dentist.【解析】：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞begin to doubt定位文中的What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice? 什么樣的牙醫(yī)急于在如此短的時間治療一個人？可知

48、項“牙醫(yī)同意在如此短的時間為她治療”正是此句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，符合題意，故選A。8） （2013四川） Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.47. What is the finding of the study?A. Ones heart affects how he feels fear.

49、B. Fear is a result of ones relaxed heartbeat.C. Fear has something to do with ones health.D. Ones fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.【解析】：根據(jù) 題干關(guān)鍵詞finding定位相應(yīng)文章中的according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear依據(jù)研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)：心跳循環(huán)與

50、人感知恐懼是有關(guān)聯(lián)的可以鎖定選項A Ones heart affects how he feels fear（人的心臟影響他對恐懼的感知）。9）（2013福建）Years passed, and a couple of moves later, I was visiting my parents' when Mum told me that she had something for me. It wasn't my birthday, nor was it Easter or Christmas or any other gift-giving occasion. Mum n

51、oticed my questioning look. “Youll recognize this one," she said, smiling.58.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The writer's family moved several times.B. The writer never stopped looking for her ring.C. The writer's ring was cleaned up by the new house owner.D.

52、The writer lost her ring in the morning when she took it off.【解析】：由段首Years passed, and a couple of moves later可知，在這些年中他們又搬過幾次家。故A正確。10） Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere

53、2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digitrates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s. It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the group of economists whi

54、ch The Economist polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and expected to average only about 3% for the years as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a Percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of

55、 last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America. Q：From the passage we learn that _ . A there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest rates. B economy will always follow certain model

56、s. C the economic situation is better than expected. D economists had foreseen the present economic situation. 【解析】：根據(jù)第二段的部分段意“經(jīng)濟學(xué)家雜志每月調(diào)查的經(jīng)濟學(xué)家小組稱：1995年美國平均通貨膨脹率會達3.5左右，但是，8月份它實際降至2.6，全年也不過3左右；在英國和日本，平均通貨膨脹率比上年底預(yù)測的低0.5個百分點（或：半個百分點）。而且，在過去幾年里一直是如此(this is no flash in the pan)：在英美兩國，平均通貨膨脹率一直比預(yù)測的要低?！笨芍?/p>

57、C項是對文中諸多數(shù)據(jù)的總結(jié)。意為：經(jīng)濟形勢比預(yù)想的好，故選C。11） （2013江西）Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as bracketing. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as

58、 possible someone elses world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be a