時態(tài)非謂語虛擬語氣

1、1. 一般過去時一般將來時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時過去完成時過去完成進(jìn)行時將來進(jìn)行時將來完成時將來完成進(jìn)行時一般過去將來時過去將來進(jìn)行時過去將來完成時過去將來完成進(jìn)行時1. 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)11 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)一覽表時態(tài)語態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時  一般過去時    一般將來時主動被動 doare done didwere done will dowill be done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時  過去進(jìn)行時  將來進(jìn)行時主動被動  are doingare being done were doingwere be

2、ing done will be doing 現(xiàn)在完成時  過去完成時  將來完成時主動 被動 have donehave been done had donehad been done will have donewill have been done 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時  主動 被動 have been doing   1.2 動詞主要時態(tài)的意義及運用1) 現(xiàn)在完成時，過去完成時和將來完成時英語提示語：up to now, so far, for three years, since 1995, over past ten

3、years, by the end of this week, by the year of 1995  漢語提示語：已經(jīng)，早已，了e.g. We havent met each other since last year.   By the end of this week, well have finished the task.2) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，沒有間斷。漢語提示語：一直e.g. The water has been running the whole night.  3) 過去完成時a) said, reported, though

4、t 等引導(dǎo)的間接引語中。e.g. He missed the train. He said he had missed the train. b) hardlywhen, no sooner thane.g. No sooner had he got up than he received the call. c) 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的條件狀語從句中e.g. If I had tried harder, I would have won. I wish I had done better in the exam.  歷年考題中的動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)1. Much of th

5、e carbon in the earth _ (come) from things that once lived. 2. In the past two decades, research _ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and dream. 3. Some proverbs _ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a friend indeed. 4. _ (stand) at the gate was a young man in gree

6、n coat. 5. In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bushs approved rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling _ (begin) in the 1930. 6. Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day _ (make) us tolerate crime more than we should. 7. So far, Irving _ (live

7、) in New York City for ten years.   8. The patient _ (send) to another hospital before we got there. 9. The second half of the nineteenth century _ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi. 10. All the worries they might have felt for him _ (dri

8、ve) off by the sight of his cheerful face. Key: 1. comes  一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)2. has expanded   現(xiàn)在完成時  3. has been  現(xiàn)在完成時4. Standing  過去進(jìn)行時的倒裝形式5. began  一般過去時6. makes  一般現(xiàn)在時，動名詞做主語，謂語用單數(shù)7. has been living  現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時8. had been sent  過去完成時的被動形式9. witne

9、ssed   一般過去時10. were driven   一般過去時的被動2. 非謂語動詞2.1 動詞主要時態(tài)和語態(tài)一覽表非謂語動詞 形式 意義現(xiàn)在分詞  一 般 式 Doing 主動, 正在進(jìn)行被 動 式 being done 被動, 正在進(jìn)行完成主動式 having done 主動, 已經(jīng)完成完成被動式 having been done 被動, 已經(jīng)完成過去分詞 Done 被動, 已經(jīng)完成動詞不定式  一 般 式 To do 主動,將要進(jìn)行被 動 式 To be done 被動, 將要進(jìn)行完成主動式 To have done 主

10、動, 已經(jīng)完成進(jìn)行主動式 To be doing 主動, 正在進(jìn)行 2.2. 非謂語動詞作狀語動詞不定式：1）目的狀語；2）結(jié)果狀語e.g. I came here to meet you. （目的） He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. （結(jié)果）分詞：1) 伴隨狀語；2）原因狀語；3）條件狀語 4）讓步狀語；5）時間狀語e.g. Walking along the street, he met his old friend.   （時間） Being very tired, my

11、father didnt go out with us.  （原因） Made by hand, the silk shirt is very expensive.    （原因） Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball.  (條件)2.3 非謂語動詞，狀語從句和獨立結(jié)構(gòu)1) Having done their homework, the children began to play. (分詞作狀語)2) After having done their ho

12、mework, the children began to play. （連詞+分詞）3) After they had done their homework, the children began to play. （狀語從句）4) With homework done, the children began to play.  （獨立結(jié)構(gòu)） 2.4 非謂語動詞作定語1) If there is no choice, there is no decision _ (make). (to be made) 2) Do you know the man _ ( stand) in f

13、ront of the house? (standing) 3) The question _ (discuss) at the moment is very important. (being discussed)  4) The bridge _ (build) in the 1950s is still in good condition.  (built) 2.5 動名詞和動詞不定式 作主語和表語動名詞作主語/表語表示一般、抽象的情況；動詞不定時作主語表示具體某次的情況。e.g  Rising early is good for health.  

14、;To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me.  It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow. My biggest wish is to go abroad.  Seeing is believing.  作賓語接動名詞作賓語的動詞：admit, acknowledge, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, forgive, finish, include, involve, min

15、d, put off, postpone, suggest, feel like, look forward to, be used to, be accustomed to, etc.  接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞：want, tend, intend, pretend, hope, plan, expect, be supposed to, seem, be likely to, used to, be willing to, desire, force, prefer, start, begin       接動名詞和動

16、詞不定式有不同含義的動詞：1) forget, remember, regret2) stop, continue3) need/ want   4) allow doing/ allow sb to do (1) How can I forget meeting you for the first time?      Sorry, I forgot to lock the door.(2) I cant stop laughing.  Can you stop to give me a hand? (3) Th

17、e grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut.  (4) We dont allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here.    歷年考題中的非謂語動詞1. A man cannot be really happy if what he enjoys _ (do) is ignored by society as of no value or importance.  2. Anyone _(want) to understand t

18、he industry of the future will have to know about robotics. 3. It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes _ (control) his direction. 4. As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals _ (use) in experiments may decrease. 5. It seems rea

19、sonable to assume that, other things _ (be) equal, they would prefer single to shared rooms. 6. This poem, if _ (translate) word for word into Chinese, will make no sense. 7. They may have their passports _ (remove), making leaving or “escaping” actually impossible. 8. Her body, with hands and feet

20、_ (bind), was discovered by a traveler early in the morning. 9. I couldnt help but _ (feel) this is a very strange life. 10. Let us consider the earth as a planet _ (revolve) round the sun. Key: 1. doing  動名詞做enjoy的賓語  2. wanting 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語 3. to control 動詞不定式作目的狀語 4. used  過去分詞作定語 

21、 5. being  現(xiàn)在分詞用在獨立結(jié)構(gòu)中6. translated 連詞加過去分詞作狀語 7. removed 過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)8. bound 過去分詞用在獨立結(jié)構(gòu)中9. feel  couldnt help but 后接動詞原形10. revolving 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語 3. 虛擬語氣第一大類：非真實條件下的虛擬語氣時間 從句 主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反 did/ were should/could/would + do與過去事實相反 had done should/could/would + have done與將來事實相反 were to doshould do shou

22、ld/could/would + doe.g. If I were you, I would be happy to do it.  If we had got the news, we could have prepared earlier.  If the job were to succeed, you should work harder. 第二大類：從句中用過去時或過去完成時的虛擬語氣1) would rather + 從句2) wish + 從句3) if only + 從句4) as if/ as though + 從句5) Its time + 從句e.g.

23、 I would rather you didnt tell me the story now.  I would rather you had told me the story yesterday. 第三大類：從句中用should加動詞原形的虛擬語氣，其中should可省略。1) suggest, propose, advise, move(動議), ask, order, require, request, desire, insist, prefer 等動詞后接的賓語從句；2) suggestion, proposal, advice, motion, order, requ

24、irement, request, desire, preference等名詞后的同位語從句； 3) important, necessary, essential, imperative, desirable, advisable, preferable 等形容詞用在it is that句型中；4) lest, in case, for fear that 等引導(dǎo)的從句中。e.g. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. It is my suggestion that the meeting (should) b

25、e put off.  It is necessary that the meeting (should) be put off.  He came to the office earlier lest he (should) miss the important meeting. 歷年考題中的虛擬語氣1. If it hadnt been for your help, we _ (be) in real trouble. He would have given you more help, if he _ (not be) so busy. 3. It is h

26、igh time that we _ (take) firm measures to protect our environment. 4. It was imperative that students _ (finish) their papers before July 1st. 5. They demanded that the right to vote _ (give) to every adult person.There was a mistake on my paycheck. I _(receive) $10 more.I would rather he _ ( buy)

27、the house next year.  The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we _ (meet) them before. 9. Should she come tomorrow, I _ take her to the museum.   A can    B will   C would    D must10. If we _ everything ready by now, we should

28、be having a terrible time tomorrow. A hadnt got  B didnt get C wouldnt have got D wouldnt get Key: 1. would have been 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的主句2. had not been 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的從句3. took  It is high time +過去式的虛擬形式4. should finish/finish  It was imperative that+動詞原形的虛擬形式5. be given  demand所接賓語從句

29、用動詞原形的虛擬形式6. should have received 與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣的主句，表示“本應(yīng)該收到”而實際上沒有。7. bought would rather后接賓語從句，從句用過去式表示虛擬語氣。8. had met  as if 所引導(dǎo)的從句用過去完成式表示虛擬語氣。9. C 與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣的主句。10. A 從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，但本身已經(jīng)是現(xiàn)在完成時（從by now可以看出），所以變?yōu)檫^去完成時。 結(jié)束語：掌握語法題的要訣在于1）牢記上述表格；2）分清楚題目屬于哪種具體情況；3）熟練套用正確形式；4）最后再檢查一下是否應(yīng)作必要的改動：如是否被動，三人

30、稱動詞后加s，動詞的不規(guī)則變化等。在理解上述表格的適用條件后，再通過大量作題來鞏固，及時糾正出現(xiàn)的錯誤，我們一定能攻克語法難題，在語法部分得到一個理想的分?jǐn)?shù)！_., .leave me _worrying_ (worry) Leave the book _damaged_ (damage) Enable me to solve the problem . Enable the problem to be solved I would rather not go with you. I would rather I didnt go with you. Its time it _was done

31、_ (do) immediately. Its time to do it immediately.  He acted as if the book had been written (write) by him. Command, demand The order which/that is given by my boss is hard to carry out.  The order that the task should be finished (finish) today is hard to carry out. 1. Studies have

32、shown _ teenagers often suffer from depression. A. that    B. which  C. in which       D. in that2. _ driving around all day looking for somewhere to park, why dont you take a bus to town? A. In spite of    B. Rather than C. In place o

33、f    D. other thanHe hasnt  read one book _other than_ novels.  He has read no book other than novels. 3. In his composition there were no other errors _ a few misspelled words. A. except   B. besides  C. than  D. beside4. In deciding _ a course of action

34、, the candidates tried to estimate its likely impact on the voters.A. how to pursue  B. whether to pursueC. how pursuing   D. whether pursuing 5. The kids are _ be hungry when they get homethey always are.A. obliged to  B. bound to  C. desired to   D. motivated to6

35、. It is said the conference is _ (hold) in this hall next month. Is to be held7. Little did they realize that they had made_ (make) an important discovery in science. 8. A life lived (live) without fantasy and daydreaming is a really poor life indeed. 9. They proposed that the chance (that is availa

36、ble to them) be explained_ (explain) in detail. 10. (They are afraid that) everything well  prepared (prepare), they may still lose the game. 11.  While compelled (compel) to make the decision in a hurry, he made the right choice. 12.  He is said/known/reported to have made (make) a l

37、ot of money before he was thirty years old. He is said to take the job next week. He is said to have taken the job last week. I find him to have made a lot of moneyHe is found to have madeHe said he had made 13.  He would like to buy a used_ (use) car instead of a new one. 14.  Having been

38、 deprived of all his money, he had to find a job to support himself. 15.  How can you explain the phenomenon that occurs  (occur) again and again in our daily life?   從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1. - Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets.- You _ something.A. have left B. are always

39、 leavingC. are leaving D. always left2. - I _ so busily recently that I _ no time to help you with your math.- Thats OK. I can manage it by myself. A. have been working; haveB. have worked; hadC. am working; will haveD. had been working; had had3. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you _ to

40、 me.A. are writing B. will writeC. has written D. write4. He _ at the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him.A. will speak B. is going to speakC. had to speak D. was going to speak5. - I beg your pardon, but I didnt quite catch you. - Oh, I _ myself.A. am talking to B. talked aboutC. have talke

41、d to D. was talking to6. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the New Year. A. will play B. have playedC. played D. play7. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He _ in a radio factory at that time.A. had worked B. has workedC. was working D. has been working8. - What _ when I phone

42、d you?- I _ my work, and I wanted to go out.A. have you done; finishedB. were you doing; have finishedC. did you do; had just finishedD. were you doing; had just finished9. - Have you finished the report?- No. I _ it all this week.A. will do B. had doneC. have done D. have been doing10. I can guess

43、you were in a hurry. You _ your sweater inside out.A. had worn B. woreC. were wearing D. are wearing11. - We _ that you would fix the TV set this week.- Im sorry. I _ to fix it this week, but Ive been too busy.A. had expected; had intendedB. are expecting; had intendedC. expect; intendD. expected; i

44、ntend12. - Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty!- Mum, I _ my storeroom downstairs.A. cleaned B. have cleanedC. was cleaning D. have been cleaning13. They wont buy new clothes because they _ money to buy a new house.A. save B. are savingC. have saved D. were saving14. The traffic in our city is already

45、good and it _ even better.A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting15. - I will come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow.- Im sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I _ my guests in my office.A. is being met B. will meetC. will be meeting D. will have met16. - Alice came back home the day

46、before yesterday.- Really? Where _?A. has she been B. had she beenC. has she gone D. had she gone17. I know Mr. Brown; we _ to each other at an international conference.A. are introduced B. are been introducedC. were introduced D. had been introduced18. - Where do you think _ he _ the computer?- Sor

47、ry. I have no idea.A. has; bought B. 不填; boughtC. did; buy D. 不填; buys19. Dont bother to look for my dictionary - it _ some day.A. turns up B. has turned upC. will turn up D. is going to turn up20. - What do you think of this kind of TV set, which _ in Shanghai?- Well, I dont care about such things.

48、A. was made B. is madeC. has been made D. had been made21. - Did he notice you enter the room?- I dont think so. He _ to the radio with his eyes shut.A. listened B. was listeningC. has listened D. had listened22. The plane _ at 7:00 pm, so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.A. has lef

49、t B. would leaveC. will have left D. leaves23. The train _ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine oclock tonight.A. went B. is going C. goes D. will be going24. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I _ coffee.A. prefer B. preferredC. had preferred D. am p

50、referring25. The vegetables didnt taste very good. They _ too long.A. had been cooked B. were cookedC. have cooked D. cooked26. - Remember the first time we met, Jim?- Of course I do. You _ in the library.A. were reading B. had readC. have read D. read27. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _

51、 the cloth _ well.A. have told; washesB. have been told; washesC. was told; washedD. have been told; is washed28. - Is Tom still smoking?- No. By next Saturday he _ for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.A. will be B. will have goneC. will have been D. has been going29. - _ Betty this

52、morning?- Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.A. Have you seen B. Will you seeC. Do you see D. Did you see?30. Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never _ him talk so much.A. I heard B. did I hearC. I had heard D. had I heard31. - Look at the black clouds. It _ soon.- Sure. If o

53、nly we _ out.A. is raining; didnt comeB. is to rain; wont startC. will rain; havent startedD. is going to rain; hadnt come32. He _ articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he _ about forty articles.A. has been writing; has writtenB. has been writing; wroteC. is writing; has been writin

54、gD. has written; has written33. She _ to the office than she got down to writing the report.A. has no sooner got B. had hardly gotC. no sooner got D. had no sooner got34. When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge _ from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of pr

55、actical work.A. was coming B. had comeC. comes D. would come35. - Dont forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon.- No, I _.A. dont B. do C. wont D. will36. I decided to go to the library as soon as I _.A. finished what I was doingB. finished what I didC. would finish what I was doingD. finish

56、what I did37. You wont know whether the coat fits you until you _ it on.A. will try B. have triedC. tried D. are trying38. My dictionary _. I have looked for it everywhere but still _it.A. has lost; dont findB. is missing; dont findC. has lost; havent foundD. is missing; havent found39. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do.A. When left B. LeavingC. If you leave D. Leave40. - How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?- I _ yet, but I _ taking a train.A. didnt decide; am