被動(dòng)語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)第3頁共7頁翻譯1 .孩子們是不被允許在河里游泳的。2 .這臺(tái)電腦有點(diǎn)問題，需要檢修一下。3 .對(duì)不起，這張桌子已經(jīng)有人預(yù)定了。4 .你知道那把傘被誰拿走了么？5 .這個(gè)城市的地鐵是前年造的。語法復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)（一）語態(tài)分類：英語動(dòng)詞分主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表小主語是動(dòng)作的 ,被 動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的 。被動(dòng)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有 需要?jiǎng)幼鲗?duì)象的及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。漢語往往用“被”、“受”、“給”等詞來表示被動(dòng)意義。被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：例句： （自己造個(gè)句子）（二）

2、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法【解析1】當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)，多用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例：the window was blown by wind. 窗戶被風(fēng)吹開了。the whole village has been washed away by the flood.整個(gè)村莊都被洪水沖走了。 【解析2不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。例： 這座橋是去年建造的。 【解析3】 突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。如果需要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用“ by +人”的短語。例：the window was broken by mike.窗戶是邁克打破的。（三）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化：通過助動(dòng)詞be的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化來體現(xiàn)，done不變。注意主語

3、的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化 以do為例，掌握下列時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，形式變化如下：【解析1】 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)： 例：（）1. english in canada.a. speaks b. are spoken c. is speaking d. is spoken【正確答案】【考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)【解析2】一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)：例：（）1. the people ' s republic of china october 1,1949.a. found b. was founded c. is founded d. was found【正確答案】【考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)【解析3】一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)：例： （）1. my n

4、ew bike tom tomorrowa.will lend b. will lent c. will be lent d. will be lent to【正確答案】【考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)【解析4】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)：例： （）1. -can you sing this english song ?-of course , i can.it many times on the radio.a. taught b. has taught c. is taught d. has been taught【正確答案】【考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)【解析5情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)：例： （）1. the sick girl to th

5、e hospital at once.a. must send b. be must sent c. must be sent d. be sent【拓展】以下時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)作一般了解：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am / is / are + being + done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： was / were + being + done過去完成時(shí)： had + been + done過去將來時(shí)：should / would + be done(四)主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法：例句：1. my aunt invited me to her dinner party.執(zhí)行者動(dòng)詞承受者變?yōu)閒 i was invited

6、 (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.承受者 謂語by+執(zhí)行者1 .把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。2 .把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的 be +過去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3 .把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，放在被動(dòng)語態(tài)里謂語動(dòng)詞之后，by短語可以省略。(五)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問題：【解析11把主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，先找原主動(dòng)句中的動(dòng)賓短語，其謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。練習(xí)： we have bought a new computer. = a new computer bought.【解析2】含有雙

7、賓語的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語為主語。練習(xí)： my uncle gave me a present on my birthday.如果把直接賓語改為主語，則在間接賓語前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，句子改寫為：回憶：還有哪些動(dòng)詞后，在間接賓語前用介詞to?哪些動(dòng)詞后，在間接賓語前用介詞 for?介詞to:介詞for ：【解析3】由動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動(dòng)詞有：(1) .動(dòng)詞+介詞例：laugh at, listen to, look after, think of, talk about, work

8、 on 等。(2) .動(dòng)詞+副詞例： sell out, find out, give up, hand in, work out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, tur n on, wake up 等。例旬： the most difficult problem was worked out by tom. the song is often listened to by girls.【解析4】帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語 補(bǔ)足語保留在謂語動(dòng)詞后面。例 1.we alw

9、ays keep the classroom clean. (keep sth. clean)fthe classroom is always kept clean. (sth be kept clean)例 2.she told us not to stay up late. (tell sb not to do )第3頁共7頁fwe were told not to stay up late . (sb. be told not to do )注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make,借出詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式都 不

10、帶to,但改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后都補(bǔ)上to。例： we often hear him play the guitar.fhe is often heard to play the guitar.記住下列變化：see sb do be seen to dohear sb do； be heard to dolisten to sb do be listened to to domake sb do be made to do【解析5】有些動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)它們和 well, badly, easily等副詞連用 時(shí)，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或使用性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，常見的有：

11、 write, read, clean, sell, wash, coo降。例 1: the cloth washes easily.這布很好洗。例 2： the new computer sells well.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。例3: the printer prints quickly.這個(gè)打印機(jī)打印很快。對(duì)比：the books sell well.(主動(dòng)句)the books were sold out.被動(dòng)旬)【解析6】只有動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。下列情況的主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句：(1) .感官連系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)意義，如：feel, look, seem, taste, sound, sme陣

12、。例. do you like the material? yes, it feels very soft.誤：it is felt very soft.例.the food tastes delicious.誤：the food is tasted delicious.例.the pop music sounds beautiful.誤：the pop music is sounded beautiful.(2) . 一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如： take place, break out, belong to, come out, come true 等。例. the accide

13、nt took place last night.誤： the accident was taken place last night.(3) .不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed, li妤。例.the sun has already risen.誤：the sun has already been risen.(4) .賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)第4頁共7頁句子的主語。例.i taught myself english.誤： myself was taught english.【解析7】在漢語中，有

14、一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。例.據(jù)說， it is said that,例. 據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo), it is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.例. 眾所周知 ,it is well known that thomas edison invented the electric lamp.【解析81注意區(qū)別系表結(jié)構(gòu)（be+adj.）和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。第12頁共7頁【課堂檢測(cè)】姓名：得分:一、用動(dòng)詞的正確語態(tài)填空。1. english(speak) the most widely in the world.2. a piano conce

15、rt(give) here last friday.3. the town(call) rugao.4. vegetables, eggs and fruits(sell) in this shop.5. what a knife(make) of? it(make) of metal and wood.6. the old man is ill. he(must send) to the hospital.7. the room(clean) by mum already. yodon' need to clean it.8. the sports meeting(hold) in

16、a week.9. he is happy that his dream(come) true.10. the cinema(build) in 1985.二.選擇題：()1. great changes in china.a. are happened b. was happened c. has happened d. have happened()2. the great wall all over the world.a. knows b. knew c. is known d. was known()3. who this book?a. did; written b. was; w

17、ritten by c. did; written d. was; written()4. a story by granny yesterday.a. was told us b. was told to us c. is told us d. told us()5.the monkey was seen off the tree.a. jump b. jumps c. jumped d. to jump()6. the school bag behind the chair.a. puts b. can be put c. be put d. can put()7. older peopl

18、e well.a. looks after b. must be looked after c. must look after d. looked after()8. do you know what?a. it calls b. does it call c. it is called d. is it called()9. this old machine the room wet.a. used to keep b. used to keeping c. was used to keeping d. was used to keep()10.you can go out if your

19、 homework.a. is done b. will do c. will be done d. are finished三.翻譯句子：1. people grow rice in the south of the country.in the south of the country.2. nancy jackson designed the cd-rom.the cd-rom nancy jackson.3. they will hold the charity show in the school hall.the charity show in the school hall.4.

20、 he has brought his book here.his book here.5. you must hand in your homework after class.your homeworkafter class.homework1.整理錯(cuò)題2.完成以下作業(yè)單項(xiàng)選擇1. look! a big modern building in our city.a. is built b. is being built c. has been built d. is building2. your bike can there.a. be put b. is put c. be putte

21、d d. putted3. mary the song at a party.a. heard sing b. was heard sing c. heard to sing d. was heard to sing4. trees usually in april?a. have, planted b. are, planted c. have, been planted5. my room tomorrow.a. is cleaned b. be cleaned c. will be cleaned6. when your school?a. did, builtb. was, built

22、c. is, built7. the window of our houseonce a week.d. do, plantedd. is cleaningd. was, buildinga. have been cleaned b. is cleaned c. are cleaned8. the sick girl to the hospital at once.a. must send b. be must sent c. must be sentd. are cleaningd. be sent9. many books on science since i went to college.a. were bought b. have been bought c. will be bought 10. people have come to know that their health must.a. pay more attentionb. pay more attentio