高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧及范例

1、第二部分題型專項(xiàng)閱讀理解一、考點(diǎn)聚焦1 、題型特點(diǎn)閱讀是理解和吸收書(shū)面信息的能力。 中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定，中學(xué)生應(yīng)側(cè)重培養(yǎng)閱讀理解能力。閱讀材料的選取原則為：（1）閱讀量不少于1000 個(gè)單詞。近三年超過(guò) 2000 字篇數(shù)為 5篇，讀速要求為 44.2， 44.6和 46.3wpm。（ 2 ）題材多樣化，包括科普、社會(huì)、文化、政治、史地、經(jīng)濟(jì)、新聞報(bào)道乃至廣告說(shuō)明。（ 3 ）體裁避免單一化，包括記敘文、說(shuō)明文、應(yīng)用文等。2、試題要求（ 1 ）掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意，以及用以說(shuō)明主旨和大意的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)。（ 2 ）既理解具體的事實(shí)，也理解抽象的概念。（ 3 ）既理解字面意思，也理解深層含義，包括

2、作者的態(tài)度、意圖等。（ 4 ）既理解某句、某段的意義也理解全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，并據(jù)此進(jìn)行推理和判斷。（ 5 ）能根據(jù)材料所提供的信息，結(jié)合中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的常識(shí)正確判斷生詞的含義。3、基本能力（ 1 ）能迅速看準(zhǔn)每句的結(jié)構(gòu)，抓住主句的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。（ 2 ）有一定的詞匯量和辨詞能力。（ 3 ）能靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，根據(jù)句中的某個(gè)詞迅速斷定真假、語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)等。（ 4 ）對(duì)英美文化背景知識(shí)有一定了解。（ 5 ）有良好的思維能力，能邊看邊加工所得到的信息，從而作出正確分析、判斷和綜合。（ 6 ）有平時(shí)大量閱讀作基礎(chǔ)，有一定的語(yǔ)感和相當(dāng)?shù)拈喿x速度。二、應(yīng)試技巧點(diǎn)撥1 、四個(gè)步驟（ 1 ）速讀短文，了解短文

3、的主旨大意，辨別文體，掌握結(jié)構(gòu)。（ 2 ）看題。了解考查內(nèi)容，帶著問(wèn)題讀材料，尋找答案。（ 3 ）復(fù)讀。對(duì)所選答案有針對(duì)性地尋找支撐論點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵信息。（ 4 ）核查。注意各題的答案應(yīng)邏輯一致，不能自相矛盾。盡可能找到（從文中）根據(jù)，確保正確無(wú)誤。2、四個(gè)善于（ 1 ）關(guān)于審題，找出文中依據(jù)。（ 2 ）善于尋找線索。（ 3 ）善于抓主題句，解決概括題。（ 4 ）善于篩選、比較、衡量、綜合文章的有用信息。3、三個(gè)避免（ 1 ）只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木不見(jiàn)林。（ 2 ）難題耗時(shí)太多。（ 3 ）閱讀方式不當(dāng)。三、精典范例例 1（ NMET 2001 ）Shanghai: Car rentals（ 出租） are bec

4、oming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads.Business people, foreigners and families alike are making good use of the growing industry.The first car rental firm opened in Shanghai in 1992 and now 12 car rental players are in the game, with more than 11,500 cars in their

5、books.The largest player ShanghaiBashiTourismCarRentalCenter offers a wide variety of choices deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are big favorite.Firms can attract enough customers for 70 percent of their cars every month. This figure shoots up during holiday seasons li

6、ke National Day, Labor Day and New Yea r s Day, with some recording 100 percent rental.The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees （白領(lǐng)雇員） ， who can afford the new service, said Zhuang Yu, marketing manager of Shanghai Angel car Rental Co.（）1. The words “ deluxe s

7、edans ” , “ minivans ” and “ station wagons” used in the text refer to A.cars in the makingB.car rental firmsC.cars for rentD.car makers（）2. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A. 70% of the cars can be rented out on holiday.B. 70% of the customers are while-collar employ

8、ees.C. More firms are open for service during holiday seasons.D. Some firms rent out all their cars during holiday seasons.（）3. Shanghai s car rental industgryroiws ing so fast mainly due to .A. better cars supplied by producers.B. fast service offered by car rental firms.C. the increasing number of

9、 white-collar emplioyees.D. people s growing interest in travelling during holidays.解析：1 .C 。上文提到： “ ShanghaiBashi 旅游車租賃中心”提供了廣泛豐富的選擇，可判斷選擇的內(nèi)容為可供租賃的車型。故選 C。2 .D 。文中提到的數(shù)據(jù)70%為 “每月汽車租出量”，故 A、 B 都不正確。 “ This figure shoots up during holidayseasons，with some recording 100 percent renta判斷出D項(xiàng)陳述正確的，即 憶些公司在節(jié)假

10、日里能夠把汽車 全部租出去。 ”3 .C 。 文章最后一段引用 “汽車租賃中心市場(chǎng)經(jīng)理”( Zhuang Yu ) 的話解釋了上海汽車租賃行車迅猛發(fā)展的原因根源于“ the growing population of white -collar employees 。故選” C。例 2： ( 20XX 年全國(guó)卷 II)Rome had the Forum. London has Speaker ' s Corner. Nowiralwayhe-go New Yorkers have Liz and Bill.Liz and Bill, two college graduates in

11、their early 20s, have spent a whole year trying to have thousands of people talk to them in subway stations and on busy street corners. Just talk.Using a 2-foot- tall sign that says, “ Tatlok Me. ” theyattract conversatio- nalists, who one evening included a mental patient, and men in business suits

12、.They don ' t collect money. They don ' t pUshreiiSo nwhat' s the point?“To see what happens, said Liz."We simply enjoy life with open communication ”Shortly after the September 11,2001 attacks, they decided to walk from New York City to Washington, a 270-mile trip. They found they

13、loved talking to people along the way and wanted to continue talking with strangers after their return.4 It started as a crazy idea,” Liz said. “ We were so curious about all the strangetrhsewirallikfeinsgtobryiews.ithPeople will talk to us about anything: their jobs, their clothes, their childhood

14、experiences, anything.Denise wanted to talk about an exam she was about to take. She had stopped by for the second time in two days, to let the two listeners know how it went.Marcia had lost her husband to a serious disease.“ That was very heavy on my mind, ” Marcia saitalk about it to total strange

15、rs was very good,” she explained.To celebrate a year of talking, the two held a get-together in a city park for all the people they had met over the past year. A few hundred people showed up, as well as some television cameramen and reporters.They may plan more parties or try to attract more people

16、to join their informal talks. Some publishers have expressed interest in a book, something they say they ll consider.1. What did Liz and Bill start doing after September 2001?A. Chatting with people.B. Setting up street signsC. Telling stories to strangers D. Organizing a speaker corner s2. What the

17、y have been doing can be described as .A. pointless B. normal C. crazyD. successful3. Why are Denise and Marcia mentioned in the text?A. They knew Liz and Bill very well.B. They happened to meet the writer of the text.C. They organized the get-together in the city park.D. They are examples of those

18、who talked to Liz and Bill.4. What will Liz and Bill do in the future?A. Go in for publishing.B. Do more television programs.C. Continue what they are doing. D. Spend more time reading books.5. How do they like they idea of writing a book?A. They have decided to wait a year or twoB. They will think

19、about it carefullyC. They agreed immediatelyD. They find it hard to do that解析：1 .A 。本篇講述了兩個(gè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生與陌生人交談，傾聽(tīng)人們向他們傾述的互惠的活動(dòng)。文章從聯(lián)想開(kāi)始，簡(jiǎn)介 Liz and Bill （這是兩個(gè)人的名字，又是交談與傾聽(tīng)活動(dòng)的名稱）做什么，怎樣開(kāi)始的，效果如何，未來(lái)打算等，其中等六段和第七段是插敘（從shortly after到experiences, anything.）,講述的就是兩個(gè)年輕人怎樣開(kāi)始這一活動(dòng)的。故選 A 項(xiàng)；開(kāi)始與人聊天。2 .D。 Liz and Bill 活動(dòng)很成功。從倒

20、數(shù)第二段可知：為慶祝該活動(dòng)一周所舉辦的聚會(huì)，有許多人參加，記 者和攝影師都來(lái)了，說(shuō)明很成功。3 .D。Liz和Bill同許多人談生活，傾聽(tīng)過(guò)許多人跟他們談心，Denise和Marcia是其中的兩人。提到他們來(lái)做例子。4 .C 。最后一段的前一句說(shuō)明他們還想吸引更多的人來(lái)加入這一活動(dòng)，與他們聊天。故選C 。5 .B 。 本題問(wèn) Liz 和 Bill 怎么看待寫(xiě)本書(shū)這回事， 全篇最后一句可知， 但本句結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜。 something 是代 詞，是a book的同位語(yǔ)，"they ' ll consider定語(yǔ)從句，"they say起到插入語(yǔ)的作用。全句可譯為：有些出版

21、 商表達(dá)了給Liz 和 Bill 出本書(shū)的興趣， Liz 和 Bill 說(shuō)他們會(huì)考慮這件事。 consider 一詞可解釋為 think aboutcarefully , " something指'出書(shū)寫(xiě)書(shū)。故選 B。例 3：My first reaction was annoyance. It was Friday afternoon, and I was within an hour of finishing my work for theweek. As I was leaving, a nurse brought me one more patient message

22、 . The statement read:“ Mrs.Jones called to saythat she has had blurred vision（ 視覺(jué)模糊） ever since her medical test this morning.” I smiled. Suddenly our testscausing eye problems.This week my patients had questioned everything. My patient with high blood pressure had stopped coming toher treatment on

23、 the advice of an Internet chat room. A woman who had a mental problem was substituting（ 用代替）St . John ' s word for her medication. Now Mrs. Jones was imagining problems. I rolled my eyes.My second reaction was worry. As I looked through her record, I tried to figure out why she would have blurr

24、ed vision, but nothing in her record explained the new problem. She' probably just anxious, I thought. Still, she wouldn ' t have called if she had been all right. I piked up the phone.What I next felt can only be described as delight. Before I made the call, the nurse ran in: Mrs. Jones cal

25、led. Her vision is fine. Turns out she picked up the wrong glasses when she left the office. The X-raytechnician has been having the same problem. I let out a laugh. Mrs. Jones had been right. Her vision had been blurred. Now we know why.Finally I felt shame. I came to realize what Mrs. Jones had ta

26、ught me. I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. Instead, my medical training had clouded mine. Now I me for my help. They pay me to listen, diagnose （診斷）,treat and talk. That suggests trust; I must remember that, and trust them too.I.The writer smiled while readi

27、ng the patient message because he knew.A. Mrs. Jones would ask for more testsB. the patient was being unreasonableC. the nurse was joking with himD. Mrs. Jones would call him2 . What had caused Mrs . Jones ' eye problem?A. Wrong glassesB. Medical checkup.C. Her own imaginationD. Chatting on the

28、Internet3 .The underlined words “ clouded her judgment " in the last paragraph probably mean.A. made her less trustful toward the doctorB. put her in control of her own feelingsC. made her less able to think clearlyD. put her in a dangerous situation解析：1.8。 本篇講一個(gè)醫(yī)生要結(jié)束一周的工作時(shí)幾分鐘內(nèi)的心理歷程。一周來(lái)，病人們不斷懷疑

29、或不信任自己，其中一個(gè)病人Mrs.Jones也來(lái)電話說(shuō)上午看完病后眼睛看不清東西，醫(yī)生先是煩躁，進(jìn)而擔(dān)心焦慮是否真的有問(wèn)題或病人只是在想像，再而是高興Mrs.Jones只是戴錯(cuò)了眼鏡，自己的診斷治療沒(méi)問(wèn)題。最后是慚愧，病人還是信任自己的，自己也必須信任病人。文章第二段活用了許多過(guò)去完成時(shí)，說(shuō)明這些事先發(fā)生，許多 病人開(kāi)始沒(méi)道理地懷疑自己，現(xiàn)在又輪到Mrs.Jones。所以醫(yī)生知道這位病人有些沒(méi)理性。2 .A。第四段的前幾句說(shuō)明了Mrs.Jones視力正常，（下班）離開(kāi)辦公室時(shí)拿錯(cuò)了眼鏡。影響了她的判斷力，使她不能3 .C。畫(huà)線部分中cloud作動(dòng)詞用，是用云擋住的意思，整體畫(huà)線部分應(yīng)是正常思考

30、” ，本題可用代入法解決。例 4 ：It s not the flashiest car in the world. Not even close. But the 1971 Volkswagen named Helios can do something most cars can t : run on solar energy energy from the sun s light and head!Joshua Bechtold, 14,and the other students at the Riverside School in Lyndonville, Vermont, work

31、ed They named their car after Helios, the sun god in Greek mythology （神話） 。The 4-year-old Tour de Sol encourages the use of “ green ” e,onrvironmen- tally friendly, cars to help reduce pollution and save enengy. It nsot a race. Cars are judged on fuel efficiency （耗油量） rather than speed. In the week-

32、long event, 44 cars took the 350-mile tour from Waterbury, Connecticut, to Lake George, New York. Of the 23 student cars, Helios was the only one built by middle school students.A teacher drove Helios, but the children talked with people wherever they stopped along the road.favorite part, ” says Ann

33、a Browne,15. “ We explained how the car runs.”Due in part to old, inefficient batteries （ 電池） ， Helios finished fourth out of four in its kind, the sun-powered class. “ We were there for the fun of it,” Anna says, “ We re proud of Helios, ” says Ariel Gleicher, 14good for the environment. ”1. What i

34、s special about the car Helios in the text?A. It was built by middle school studentsB. It has an attractive designC. It was made in 1971D. It won the fourth prize2. How many sun-powered cars took part in the race?A. 1B. 4 C. 23D. 443. What would be the best title for the text?A. The Making of Helios

35、B. 1999 American Tour de SolC. Sun-powered Gars on the RoadD. Use of Green Cars in Connecticut4. The students felt proud of Helios because .A. it could run as far as 350 milesB. it was favored by many childrenC. it had high-quality batteriesD. it was driven by clean energy解析：1.A。從第一段 "runon sol

36、ar energy 和第二段 “JoshuOBechtold,14, and the other students workemany months to get Helois ready.可知本車?yán)锰?yáng)能，并且由學(xué)生制做。2.B。從最后一段 "Helois finished fourth-out of four-in its kind, the sun- powered class 可知，四輛同類車參賽， Helois得第四名。3 .C。全文講述Helois這類太陽(yáng)能車。本文不止講Helois的制作，排除A。本文講Helois參賽前后的事，不以賽事為主，排除 B。環(huán)保汽車的使用不

37、止在Connectinut,排除D。4 .D。學(xué)生們對(duì)此車感到自豪是因?yàn)樵撥嚟h(huán)保，而非車速或小孩子喜歡，且它的電池舊而效率低，排除其 他各項(xiàng)。例5:The other day, my friend Jane was invited to a 40th birthday party. The time printed on the invitation was 7:30 pm. Jane went off with her husband, expecting a merry evening of wine, food, and song.By 9:45,everybody was having

38、 great fun, but no food had appeared. Jane and David were restless. Other guests began whispering that they, too, were starving. But no one wanted to leave, just in case some food was about to appear. By 11:00, there was still no food, and everyone was completely off their heads. Jane and David left

39、 hungry and angry.Their experience suggests that the words on the printed invitations need to be made clearer. Everyone reads and understands the invitations differently. Most of us would agree that 6:308:30pm means drinks only, go out to dinner afterwards; 8:00pm or 8:30pm means possible dinner, bu

40、t 9:30pm and any time thereafter means no food, eat beforehand, roll up late.But this is not always the case. If asked to a st udents ' party at 6:30pm, itis normal for guests not to appear before midnight, if at all, and no one cares. Being the first to arrive looking eager is social death. Whe

41、n my mother asked to a party for 6:30, she likes to be there, if not on time, then no later than seven. My age group （late thirties）falls somewhere between the two, but because we still think we ' young. Wd re probably closer to studen-time than grown-up time.The accepted custom at present is co

42、nfusing （混舌L的）,sometimes annoying, and it often means you may go home hungry, but it does lend every part that precious element （成分）of surprise.1. The underlined words “ off their heads " probably mean.A. tiredB. crazy C. curious D. hopeless2. Jane and David ' s story is used tothhowA. part

43、y-goers usually get hungry at partiesB. party invitations can be confusingC. people should ask for food at partiesD. birthday parties for middle-aged people are dull3. For some young people, arriving on time for a studentsprobably bepcaortnyswidiellred .A. very difficultB. particularly thoughtfulC.

44、friendly and politeD. socially unacceptable4. According to the writer, people in their late thirties.A. are likely to arrive late for a partyB. care little about the party timeC. haven t really grown up yetD. like surprises at parties5. What is the general idea of the text?.A. It s safe to arrive la

45、te just when food is servedB. It s wise to eat something before going to a partyC. It s importanftotlolow social rules of party-goingD. It s necessary to read invitations carefully解析：1.8 。參加晚會(huì)的人沒(méi)吃晚飯，到晚11 點(diǎn)，人們餓瘋了。1.9 。開(kāi)頭的故事做為例子，說(shuō)明邀請(qǐng)信函令人迷茫，人們無(wú)法把握該如何去做。3 .D 。第四段前幾句說(shuō)明，年輕的學(xué)生赴晚會(huì)遲到很正常。急切地第一個(gè)趕到的人太少見(jiàn)了。4 .A。第

46、四段最后提及三十多歲的人參加晚會(huì)的時(shí)間接近學(xué)生的時(shí)間，故可能遲到。5 .C。全文可知，不同年齡段的人到達(dá)晚會(huì)的時(shí)間不同，對(duì)晚會(huì)時(shí)間理解不同，不遵從社會(huì)習(xí)慣，便會(huì)出現(xiàn)餓肚子等現(xiàn)象。所以，按社會(huì)習(xí)俗參加晚會(huì)極為重要。例 6：Cannes will rock to the sound of a cancan dance this year when Moulin Rouge by the Australian director BazLuhrmann opens the French film festival（ 電影節(jié) ）in May. The musical stars Nicole Kidman as a singer, and John Leguizamo as the artist Henri deToulouse-Lautree. It will be competing for the palme d Or, the festival s top prize. The festival runs toThe American actor Tommy Lee Jones, 54, has married his longtime girlfrien