高一重點(diǎn)英語語法

1、高一英語重點(diǎn)語法知識(shí)預(yù)習(xí)外研社【本講教育信息 】一 . 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：重點(diǎn)語法知識(shí)預(yù)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)過程一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1. 表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) , 常與 usually, always, sometimes, often, every day / week / month / year 等時(shí)間狀語連用。例句 He often does his homework in his study.2. 表示主語現(xiàn)在的特征、性格和狀態(tài)。例句 The dictionary belongs to me.3. 表示客觀規(guī)律或科學(xué)真理、格言, 以及其他不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在。例句 The moon g

2、oes around the sun.4. 在有連詞 if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間、 條件和讓步狀語從句中 , 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。例句 If you work hard, you won t fail in the exam.二、一般過去時(shí)1. 表示過去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例句 She went to the zoo yesterday.2. 在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中代替過去將來時(shí)。例句 He said when she came he would tell her.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 表示現(xiàn)在

3、 （說話瞬間） 正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例句 He is reading a newspaper now.2. 表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（說話時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行）。例句 What are you doing these days?3. 表示說話人現(xiàn)在對(duì)主語的行為表示贊嘆或厭惡等, 常與 always, constantly, continually 等副詞連用。例句 He is always thinking of others.4. 表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常限于go, come, leave, start, arrive 等表“移動(dòng)”、“方向”的詞。例句

4、He is coming to see me next week.四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例句 He was sleeping when Mary came to see him.2. 動(dòng)詞 go, come, leave, arrive, start 等的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常表過去將來時(shí)。例句 She said she was going to Beijing the day after tomorrow.五、一般將來時(shí)1. 表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài), 常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。例句 I do n t know what will happen in the futu

5、re.2. 常用來表示將來時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)包括：（ 1） shall / will + 動(dòng)詞原形：（單純） 表將來 , 一般不用于條件句。（ 2） be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形：（計(jì)劃）打算做 。（ 3）be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形：即將或正要去做某事 ,通常不與時(shí)間狀語連用 ,但可與 when引導(dǎo)的從句連用。（ 4） be to + 動(dòng)詞原形：預(yù)定要做 。（ 5） be doing 表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作arrive, return, come, move 等表位移的動(dòng)詞連用。,常與 go, start, set out, leave, reach,六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1. 表示過

6、去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。例句 Have you had your supper yet? Yes, I have just had it.2.常與介詞 for, during, in, within, over 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用, 表示過去的某一行為一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。例句 I haven t seen my English teacher for a long time.3.表示反復(fù)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作 , 常與 several times, once, twice, frequently 等頻度副詞連用。例句 I have been to the USA several

7、 times.4. 表示從過去到現(xiàn)在沒有發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作。例句 I haven t swept the floor for a week.5. 用在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中, 表示從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作完成。例句 I ll tell him after you have left.6. 在“最高級(jí) + 名詞”或在“這是第幾次”之后跟定語從句，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例句 This is the third time I have been there. This is the best tea I have ever drunk.七、過去完成時(shí)1. 表示在過去某一時(shí)刻以前已經(jīng)開始并一直延續(xù)到這一時(shí)刻、或是在此

8、刻前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。例句 By the end of last term, we had learned 1,000 English words.2. 有些動(dòng)詞（如：hope, think, expect, mean, intend, suppose, want 等）的過去完成時(shí)可表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。例句 I had hoped to see more of Beijing.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)1. 瞬間性動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來表示將來的動(dòng)作。例句： The film begins in a minute. My uncle is leaving tomorrow

9、morning.2. 在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。例句： Every time I listen to that song, Ill think of my old friend. If you do that, I shall be very pleased. Theyll stand by you even if you dont succeed.3. 一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都表示過去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響、結(jié)果等， 所以它不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用；一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的事實(shí)，

10、不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,因而它可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如： Have you finished your work? Yes, I have. When did you finish it? I finished it last summer.直接引語與間接引語轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：1. 人稱的變化2. 時(shí)態(tài)的變化3. 時(shí)間狀語的變化4. 地點(diǎn)狀語的變化例句： Xiao Yi said,“I want to go to the park this afternoon.” Xiao Yi said（ that） he wanted to go to the park that afterno

11、on. Bob said,“Well have a meeting here tomorrow morning.” Bob said （ that） they would have a meeting there the next morning.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞只能用that 和不能用 that 的幾種情況：只能用 that 的情況1. 先行詞是不定代詞。例句： Please tell me everything that happened to you.2. 先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或only, last, same, very 等修飾。例句： This is the most in

12、teresting movie that I have ever seen. This is the only book that I read during the summer holiday.3. 先行詞既包括人又包括物。例句： She talked about the writer and his works that interestedher.不能用 that 的情況1. 非限制性定語從句中。例句： He said he could speak three foreign languages, which is not true.2. 先行詞本身是 that。例句： I have

13、that which you gave me.3. “介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例句： The person to whom I talked just now is Tom.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)進(jìn)行的比較：1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束時(shí) , 多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí), 多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例句： I have been painting the paining. （強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直在畫”這個(gè)動(dòng)作） I have painted the painting. （強(qiáng)調(diào)“畫完了”這個(gè)結(jié)果）2. 有些動(dòng)詞不能用在現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)中，但可用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中。如：have, love, see 等。例句：

14、She has had a cold for a week. They have loved each other for three years. I have seen this movie.-ing 形式：1. having donehaving done 是非謂語動(dòng)詞中語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,只是-ing doing形式的完成式,而 doing 則是其一般式,它們都與句中主與句中謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生；havingdone 則表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在句中謂語動(dòng)詞之前。例句 Hearing the news, they got excited. （ hear 和 get excit

15、ed 這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生） Having arrived at the top of mountain, they took a rest.（ arrive 發(fā)生在 take a rest 之前）2. 動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式和不定式有些動(dòng)詞后既可接動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式也可接to do形式作賓語，但意義有所不同。例如 forget / remember / regret doing sth.表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生；forget / remember / regret to do sth. 則表示該動(dòng)作未發(fā)生。 mean to do sth. 表示“打算做某事” ；mean doing sth

16、. 表示“意味著做某事” 。 try to do sth. 表示“設(shè)法盡力做某事”；try doing sth. 表示“試著做某事” 。 stop to do sth. 表示“停下來接著做另一件事”；stop doing sth. 表示“停止做某事” 。 go on to do sth. 表示“（做完某事）接著做另一件事”；go on doing sth. 表示“繼續(xù)做同一件事”（ = go on with sth. ）。 can t help to do sth表.示“不能幫助做某事” ；can t help doing sth表.示“情不自禁地做某事”。3. have/has been d

17、oinghave / has been doing 是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成， 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)過程， 動(dòng)作可能還在進(jìn)行。而 have / has done是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，該動(dòng)作通常已經(jīng)結(jié)束。例句 I have written a book. （動(dòng)作結(jié)束） I have been writing a book. （可能未寫完，側(cè)重最近一直忙于寫書）【 模擬試題 】一、單項(xiàng)填空1.The headmaster called Tom to his office because he had beenin the exam .A. caught cheatingB. caught t

18、o cheatC. catching cheatingD. catching to cheat2.The time hefor the trip is not suitableany of us .A. made ; toB. fixed ; forC. gave ; withD. fixed ; to3. What do you think of what he did in class ? Why he did it wasmy imagination .A. beyondB. throughC. aboveD. over4. My watch is nowhere to be found

19、 . Iit when I was on the bus .A. must dropB. can t have droppedC. have droppedD. must have dropped5. May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o clock tonight? I m sorry . Mr. Williamsto a party long before then .A. will have goneB. had goneC. should have goneD. has gone26. Forty percent of t

20、he population of the U.Sblack.A. isB. areC. amD. have7.the party , we would never have today s happiness .A. But forB. Only ifC. If onlyD. If8. Don t leave matches or cigarettes on the table withinof little children.A. handB. reachC. spaceD. distance9. He accidentallyhe had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn t been home for acouple of weeks .A. let outB. took careC. made sureD. made out10. Go for a picnic this weekend , OK ?, I love getting close to nature .A. I couldn t agree moreB. I m